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Atmospheric BasicsChapter 11.1
Earth ScienceMr. Sroka
Wednesday, January 22, 14
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Atmospheric Composition! Air is a combination of many gases! The atmosphere extends from the Earth’s
surface to outer space! About 99% of the atmosphere is made of
nitrogen 78% and 21 %oxygen.! With small amounts of other gases
Wednesday, January 22, 14
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Key Atmospheric Gases! The amount of water vapor can vary from
zero to as much as 4% of the atmosphere.! The percent varies with the
! Seasons! Altitude of a particular air mass! Surface features under the air
Wednesday, January 22, 14
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Key Atmospheric Gases! Carbon dioxide and water vapor
! Regulates the amount of energy the atmosphere absorbs
! When water changes from one state to another (solid ! liquid ! gas)! Heat is either absorbed or released! Which affects atmospheric motions
" Weather patterns" Climates
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! Solids in the atmosphere! Dust & salt
! Used in cloud formation! Ice & snow
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Structure of the Atmosphere! Is made of different layers! Layers differ in
! composition ! temperature
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Solar Fundamentals! The sun is the source of all energy in the
atmosphere! Is transferred to Earth by
! Radiation
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Troposphere! Is the layer closest to Earth NASA chart
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Troposphere! Has the most mass of the atmosphere! Has the most weather! The most pollution! There is a general decrease in temperature
from the bottom to the top
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NASA chart
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Tropopause! Is the upper limit of the troposphere! Is the point where the temperature stops
decreasing! Varies in height
! 9 km at the poles! 16 km at the equator
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Stratosphere! Is a layer of concentrated ozone! Ozone absorbs more ultraviolet radiation
than air! The stratosphere increases in temperature
! From -60 ºC to about 0 ºC
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Stratopause! Is about 50 km above
the Earth’s surface
NASA chart
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Mesosphere
! Has No concentrated ozone! The temperature decreases again
! From about 0 ºC to -90 Cº
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Mesopause! Is the boundary between the mesosphere
and thermosphere! At 80 km above the Earth's surface
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Thermosphere! Has only a very small portion of the Earth’s
atmosphere! The temperature of the air does increase to
1000 ºC! Molecules are far apart from one another
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Ionosphere! Is part of the thermosphere ! Has electrically charged particles! Layers of progressively lighter gases NASA- Aurora borealis
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Exosphere
! Is the outer most layer of the atmosphere ! Made of lighter gases of helium & hydrogen! There is no clear boundary between the atmosphere
and space! There is just fewer and fewer molecules
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How to remember the order of the layers to the atmosphere! Troposphere! Stratosphere! Mesosphere! Thermosphere! Exosphere
! Track! Small! Meters! Through! Earth
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