Astronomy 103 Final Review - Home | UW-Madison Astronomygosnell/finalreview.pdfThe Hubble law says...

Astronomy103FinalReview

Spring2009

WhataspectofSagi>ariusA*showsevidenceofamassiveblackholeinthecenterofourGalaxy?

A.ItisemiIngconsiderable21‐cmradiaKon.

B. Ithasejectedacloudoflow‐densitydust.

C. ItisemiIngfarinfraredradiaKon.

D.Rapidlymovingstarsarenearit.

WhataspectofSagi>ariusA*showsevidenceofamassiveblackholeinthecenterofourGalaxy?

A.ItisemiIngconsiderable21‐cmradiaKon.

B. Ithasejectedacloudoflow‐densitydust.

C. ItisemiIngfarinfraredradiaKon.

D.Rapidlymovingstarsarenearit.

“Standardcandles,”whichareessenKaltoolsformeasuringdistancestoremotegalaxies,are

A. starsandotherobjectsofknownintrinsicbrightnesswhoseapparentbrightnesscanthenbeusedtofindthedistance.

B. standardlaboratorylightsourceswithwhichthebrightnessofagalaxycanbecompared.

C. heatsourcesofstandardintensityusedtocalibrateinfraredobservaKonsofgalaxies.

D. laboratorylightsourceswithaccuratelymeasuredspectraforcalibraKngstellarandgalacKcspectra.

“Standardcandles,”whichareessenKaltoolsformeasuringdistancestoremotegalaxies,are

A. starsandotherobjectsofknownintrinsicbrightnesswhoseapparentbrightnesscanthenbeusedtofindthedistance.

B. standardlaboratorylightsourceswithwhichthebrightnessofagalaxycanbecompared.

C. heatsourcesofstandardintensityusedtocalibrateinfraredobservaKonsofgalaxies.

D. laboratorylightsourceswithaccuratelymeasuredspectraforcalibraKngstellarandgalacKcspectra.

TheHubblelawsaysthatifgalaxyBhastwicetheredshiVofgalaxyA,thengalaxyBis

A.halfasdistantasgalaxyA.

B. twiceasdistantasgalaxyA.

C. halfashotasgalaxyA.

D.twiceashotasgalaxyA.

TheHubblelawsaysthatifgalaxyBhastwicetheredshiVofgalaxyA,thengalaxyBis

A.halfasdistantasgalaxyA.

B. twiceasdistantasgalaxyA.

C. halfashotasgalaxyA.

D.twiceashotasgalaxyA.

Thelargescalestructureoftheuniverseshowsusthat

A.  Visiblema>erformedalongdarkma>erfilaments

B.  SuperclustersareulKmatelytheresultofdensityfluctuaKonsintheearlyuniverse

C.  VoidsintheuniversegetlargerwithKme

D.  Alloftheabove

Thelargescalestructureoftheuniverseshowsusthat

A.  Visiblema>erformedalongdarkma>erfilaments

B.  SuperclustersareulKmatelytheresultofdensityfluctuaKonsintheearlyuniverse

C.  VoidsintheuniversegetlargerwithKme

D.  Alloftheabove

TheeraofrecombinaKon(380,000yearsaVertheBigBang)iswhen

A.  PopIIIstarsbegantoform

B.  Thefirstatomsformed

C.  NeutrinoscouldfreelytravelintospaceD.  TheuniversebeganitsinflaKonphase

TheeraofrecombinaKon(380,000yearsaVertheBigBang)iswhen

A.  PopIIIstarsbegantoform

B.  Thefirstatomsformed

C.  NeutrinoscouldfreelytravelintospaceD.  TheuniversebeganitsinflaKonphase

TherotaKoncurveforspiralgalaxiesremainsremarkablyconstantatlargedistancesfromthecentralbulge.Whatisthesignificance?

A. Thesegalaxiescontainsignificantamountsof“darkma>er”thatcannotbedetectedusingelectromagneKcradiaKonatanywavelength.

B. Thestarsinthesegalaxies,likeplanetsorbiKngtheSuninourownsolarsystem,moveprimarilyunderthegravitaKonalpullofalargemassatthecenterofthesystem.

C. ThestarsinthesegalaxiesinfluenceeachothergravitaKonallyinsuchawaythatthegalaxyrotateslikeasoliddisk.

D. Mostofthemassofthesegalaxiesislocatedinthedisk;relaKvelyli>lemassislocatedinthecentralbulge.

TherotaKoncurveforspiralgalaxiesremainsremarkablyconstantatlargedistancesfromthecentralbulge.Whatisthesignificance?

A. Thesegalaxiescontainsignificantamountsof“darkma>er”thatcannotbedetectedusingelectromagneKcradiaKonatanywavelength.

B. Thestarsinthesegalaxies,likeplanetsorbiKngtheSuninourownsolarsystem,moveprimarilyunderthegravitaKonalpullofalargemassatthecenterofthesystem.

C. ThestarsinthesegalaxiesinfluenceeachothergravitaKonallyinsuchawaythatthegalaxyrotateslikeasoliddisk.

D. Mostofthemassofthesegalaxiesislocatedinthedisk;relaKvelyli>lemassislocatedinthecentralbulge.

Abarredspiralgalaxyisa(n)

A.spiralgalaxywhich,becauseofthegravitaKonalinfluenceofaneighboringgalaxy,isunabletoconKnue,oris“barred”from,rotaKnginanormalmanner.

B.spiralgalaxythathaslostallitsinterstellargasanddustandnowjustshowsacentralbulgecrossedbyastraight,featurelessdisk.

C.galaxywithastraightbarofstarspassingthroughitsnucleusandspiralarmsextendingfromtheendsofthebar.

D.edge‐ongalaxywithaverydensedustlaneinitsplanethatblockslightfromthespiralarmsanddisk.

Abarredspiralgalaxyisa(n)

A.spiralgalaxywhich,becauseofthegravitaKonalinfluenceofaneighboringgalaxy,isunabletoconKnue,oris“barred”from,rotaKnginanormalmanner.

B.spiralgalaxythathaslostallitsinterstellargasanddustandnowjustshowsacentralbulgecrossedbyastraight,featurelessdisk.

C.galaxywithastraightbarofstarspassingthroughitsnucleusandspiralarmsextendingfromtheendsofthebar.

D.edge‐ongalaxywithaverydensedustlaneinitsplanethatblockslightfromthespiralarmsanddisk.

WhichofthefollowingisnotacharacterisKcofquasars?

A.Theyhavebroademissionlines.

B. Theyarelesscommonintheearlyuniversethantheyaretoday.

C. TheyareatenormousdistancesfromEarth.

D.TheyoVengiveoffstrongradioradiaKon.

WhichofthefollowingisnotacharacterisKcofquasars?

A.Theyhavebroademissionlines.

B. Theyarelesscommonintheearlyuniversethantheyaretoday.

C. TheyareatenormousdistancesfromEarth.

D.TheyoVengiveoffstrongradioradiaKon.

TheKdalstreamsappearingtocomeoffoftheLargeandSmallMagellenicCloudsshowthat

A.  TheLMCandSMCusedtobepartoftheMilkyWayB.  ThegravityfromtheMilkyWayisdisrupKngtheLMC

andSMCastheyorbitthegalaxyC.  TheLMCandSMCaresKllformingfrommaterial

surroundingtheMilkyWayD.  TheKdalstreamsaren’tdirectlycorrelatedtotheLMC

andSMC

TheKdalstreamsappearingtocomeoffoftheLargeandSmallMagellenicCloudsshowthat

A.  TheLMCandSMCusedtobepartoftheMilkyWayB.  ThegravityfromtheMilkyWayisdisrupKngtheLMC

andSMCastheyorbitthegalaxyC.  TheLMCandSMCaresKllformingfrommaterial

surroundingtheMilkyWayD.  TheKdalstreamsaren’tdirectlycorrelatedtotheLMC

andSMC

Radiogalaxiesareprobablyquasars

A.seenface‐ontotheaccreKondisk.

B. seenatananglearound45°totheaccreKondisk.

C. thathaverunoutoffuelintheiraccreKondisk

D.thatarejuststarKngup.

Radiogalaxiesareprobablyquasars

A.seenface‐ontotheaccreKondisk.

B. seenatananglearound45°totheaccreKondisk.

C. thathaverunoutoffuelintheiraccreKondisk

D.thatarejuststarKngup.

ThelightfrommoredistantgalaxiesismoreredshiVedbecause

A. thephotonsslowdownduetotravelingthroughanexpandinguniverse.

B. moredistantgalaxiesaretravelingawayfasterthroughspace.

C. thereismoreabsorbingma>erbetweenusandmoredistantgalaxies.

D. therewasastrongergravitaKonalredshiVwhentheuniversewasyoungeranddenser.

ThelightfrommoredistantgalaxiesismoreredshiVedbecause

A. thephotonsslowdownduetotravelingthroughanexpandinguniverse.

B. moredistantgalaxiesaretravelingawayfasterthroughspace.

C. thereismoreabsorbingma>erbetweenusandmoredistantgalaxies.

D. therewasastrongergravitaKonalredshiVwhentheuniversewasyoungeranddenser.

WhatisthesignificanceofthecosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiaKondiscoveredbyPenziasandWilsonin1964?

A. Itwasthefirstradiotransmissionbelievedtoindicatethepresenceofextraterrestriallifeintheuniverse.

B. ItindicatedthedifferencebetweenTypeIandTypeIICepheidvariablestars.

C. ItshowedaconnecKonbetweenmillisecondpulsarsandX‐raybursters.

D. ItistheremnantofaburstofradiaKonreleasedduringtheveryearlyhistoryoftheuniverse.

WhatisthesignificanceofthecosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiaKondiscoveredbyPenziasandWilsonin1964?

A. Itwasthefirstradiotransmissionbelievedtoindicatethepresenceofextraterrestriallifeintheuniverse.

B. ItindicatedthedifferencebetweenTypeIandTypeIICepheidvariablestars.

C. ItshowedaconnecKonbetweenmillisecondpulsarsandX‐raybursters.

D. ItistheremnantofaburstofradiaKonreleasedduringtheveryearlyhistoryoftheuniverse.

Iftheuniverseisclosed,thenparallellines

A. willremainparallelnoma>erhowfartheyextend.

B. willdivergeawayfromeachotherastheyextendintospace.

C. willeventuallycometogetherandintersectastheyextendintospace.

D. areundefined.

Iftheuniverseisclosed,thenparallellines

A. willremainparallelnoma>erhowfartheyextend.

B. willdivergeawayfromeachotherastheyextendintospace.

C. willeventuallycometogetherandintersectastheyextendintospace.

D. areundefined.

Mostofthelightfromaspiralgalaxycomesfromthecentralbulge,somostofthemassofthegalaxyresidesinthecentralbulge.HowthenwouldweexpecttherotaKonspeedtobehaveinthegalaxy'sdisk?

A.TherotaKonspeedshoulddecreasesmoothlywithincreasingdistancefromthecenterbecauseofKepler'slaw.

B. TherotaKonspeedshouldincreasesmoothlywithincreasingdistancefromthecenter.

C. TherotaKonspeedshoulddecreaserapidlytozerojustoutsidethecentralbulgebecausethediskhassuchalowmasscomparedtothebulge.

D. TherotaKonspeedshouldremainessenKallyconstantwithincreasingdistancefromthecenterbecausethebulgeisanextendedmass,notapointmass.

Mostofthelightfromaspiralgalaxycomesfromthecentralbulge,somostofthemassofthegalaxyresidesinthecentralbulge.HowthenwouldweexpecttherotaKonspeedtobehaveinthegalaxy'sdisk?

A.TherotaKonspeedshoulddecreasesmoothlywithincreasingdistancefromthecenterbecauseofKepler'slaw.

B. TherotaKonspeedshouldincreasesmoothlywithincreasingdistancefromthecenter.

C. TherotaKonspeedshoulddecreaserapidlytozerojustoutsidethecentralbulgebecausethediskhassuchalowmasscomparedtothebulge.

D. TherotaKonspeedshouldremainessenKallyconstantwithincreasingdistancefromthecenterbecausethebulgeisanextendedmass,notapointmass.

Themostimportantparameterthatdeterminesthegeometryoftheuniverseis

A.  AgeB.  DensityC.  ComposiKon

D.  Temperature

Themostimportantparameterthatdeterminesthegeometryoftheuniverseis

A.  AgeB.  DensityC.  ComposiKon

D.  Temperature

ThekeypieceofevidenceshowingthattheexpansionoftheuniverseisacceleraKngisthatthe

A. mostdistantTypeIasupernovaearefainterthantheywouldbeiftheexpansionwerenotacceleraKng.

B. mostdistantquasarsarefainterthantheywouldbeiftheexpansionwerenotacceleraKng.

C. cosmologicalredshiVoflightfromthemostdistantquasarsisgreaterthanitwouldbeiftheexpansionwerenotacceleraKng.

D. mostdistantgravitaKonallensesareweakerthantheywouldbeiftheexpansionwerenotacceleraKng.

ThekeypieceofevidenceshowingthattheexpansionoftheuniverseisacceleraKngisthatthe

A. mostdistantTypeIasupernovaearefainterthantheywouldbeiftheexpansionwerenotacceleraKng.

B. mostdistantquasarsarefainterthantheywouldbeiftheexpansionwerenotacceleraKng.

C. cosmologicalredshiVoflightfromthemostdistantquasarsisgreaterthanitwouldbeiftheexpansionwerenotacceleraKng.

D. mostdistantgravitaKonallensesareweakerthantheywouldbeiftheexpansionwerenotacceleraKng.

TheinflaKonperiodoftheuniversethatoccurred10‐35saVertheBigBangcanexplainwhatphenomena?

A.  ThehomogeneityoftheCosmicMicrowaveBackground

B.  Theexistenceofdarkma>eringalaxyclustersC.  TheflatgeometryoftheuniverseD.  BothAandC

TheinflaKonperiodoftheuniversethatoccurred10‐35saVertheBigBangcanexplainwhatphenomena?

A.  ThehomogeneityoftheCosmicMicrowaveBackground

B.  Theexistenceofdarkma>eringalaxyclustersC.  TheflatgeometryoftheuniverseD.  BothAandC

Cosmologyisthestudyof

A.  distantquasarsB.  galaxyclustersC.  thenatureoftheuniverseD.  darkma>er

Cosmologyisthestudyof

A.  distantquasarsB.  galaxyclustersC.  thenatureoftheuniverseD.  darkma>er

EdwinHubbledeterminedthattheAndromedaGalaxywasastarsysteminitsownrightoutsidetheMilkyWaybystudying

A.X‐rayemission.

B. globularclusters.

C. molecularclouds.

D.Cepheidvariables.

EdwinHubbledeterminedthattheAndromedaGalaxywasastarsysteminitsownrightoutsidetheMilkyWaybystudying

A.X‐rayemission.

B. globularclusters.

C. molecularclouds.

D.Cepheidvariables.

Theexistenceofhot,intraclustergasingalaxyclustersthatemitsx‐raysisdueto

A.  Thelargeamountofdarkma>erinthecluster

B.  ViolentinteracKonsbetweengalaxiesthatstripoutgasanddust

C.  ResidualheatfromtheBigBang

D.  LargeellipKcalsthatdominatetheclustercenter

Theexistenceofhot,intraclustergasingalaxyclustersthatemitsx‐raysisdueto

A.  Thelargeamountofdarkma>erinthecluster

B.  ViolentinteracKonsbetweengalaxiesthatstripoutgasanddust

C.  ResidualheatfromtheBigBang

D.  LargeellipKcalsthatdominatetheclustercenter

Whichofthefollowinglist(inorder)themethodsofmeasuringdistancestogalaxiesfromtheclosesttothefarthest?

A.  RedshiV,Cepheidvariables,TypeIasupernovaeB.  Cepheidvariables,TypeIasupernovae,redshiVC.  TypeIasupernovae,redshiV,CepheidvariablesD.  Allmethodsworkatalldistances

Whichofthefollowinglist(inorder)themethodsofmeasuringdistancestogalaxiesfromtheclosesttothefarthest?

A.  RedshiV,Cepheidvariables,TypeIasupernovaeB.  Cepheidvariables,TypeIasupernovae,redshiVC.  TypeIasupernovae,redshiV,CepheidvariablesD.  Allmethodsworkatalldistances

CompletelymappingtheMilkyWayisdifficultbecause

A.  Neutralhydrogendoesn’tcorrelatewiththestructureoftheMilkyWay

B.  DustandgasblockourviewthroughthegalaxyC.  Wedon’thaveradiotelescopesstrongenough

toobservestructureontheoppositesideofthedisk

D.  Alloftheabove

CompletelymappingtheMilkyWayisdifficultbecause

A.  Neutralhydrogendoesn’tcorrelatewiththestructureoftheMilkyWay

B.  DustandgasblockourviewthroughthegalaxyC.  Wedon’thaveradiotelescopesstrongenough

toobservestructureontheoppositesideofthedisk

D.  Alloftheabove

TheHubbleSequenceorganizesgalaxiesaccordingto:

A.  TheirevoluKonarystage,withgalaxiesmovingthroughtheHubbleSequenceastheyage

B.  TheirmassC.  Theapparentshapeofthegalaxyasviewed

fromEarthD.  Theiroverallluminosity

TheHubbleSequenceorganizesgalaxiesaccordingto:

A.  TheirevoluKonarystage,withgalaxiesmovingthroughtheHubbleSequenceastheyage

B.  TheirmassC.  Theapparentshapeofthegalaxyasviewed

fromEarthD.  Theiroverallluminosity

StudyingtheposiKonsofsuperclustersthroughouttheuniverseshowsthat

A.  TheuniverseishomogenousB.  GroupsofclustersaregravitaKonallyboundtoone

anothertocreatestructuresliketheGreatA>ractorC.  Clustersformalongfilamentarystructuresofdark

ma>erD.  Theuniversebecomesmoredenselypackedwith

galaxiesasyoulookbackinKme

StudyingtheposiKonsofsuperclustersthroughouttheuniverseshowsthat

A.  TheuniverseishomogenousB.  GroupsofclustersaregravitaKonallyboundtoone

anothertocreatestructuresliketheGreatA>ractorC.  Clustersformalongfilamentarystructuresofdark

ma>erD.  Theuniversebecomesmoredenselypackedwith

galaxiesasyoulookbackinKme

HighredshiVgalaxysurveysshowthat:

A.  Galaxystructurehasremainedthesamethroughthehistoryoftheuniverse

B.  GalaxiesatlargeredshiVaresimilarinshapebutmuchmoremassive

C.  MostgalaxiesatlargeredshiVareirregular

D.  MostgalaxiesatlargeredshiVarespiralgalaxies

HighredshiVgalaxysurveysshowthat:

A.  Galaxystructurehasremainedthesamethroughthehistoryoftheuniverse

B.  GalaxiesatlargeredshiVaresimilarinshapebutmuchmoremassive

C.  MostgalaxiesatlargeredshiVareirregular

D.  MostgalaxiesatlargeredshiVarespiralgalaxies