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Astana city Municipal Solid Waste CharacterizationBexultan Abylkhani
Nazarbayev University, Astana, 01000, Kazakhstan.Email: bexultan.abylkhani@nu.edu.kz
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Outline:
1. Introduction
3. Results and Discussion
Morphology of Municipal Solid Waste
Lab analysis of RDF fraction of MSW
4. Conclusion
5. Acknowledgement
2. Aims and Objectives
3. Methodology
Sampling plan and methodology
Sorting plan
Analysis of samples
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Kazakhstan:
9th country by territory
95% of all MSW is landfilled
MSW production is 1.39kg per capita per day in capital city Astana
Domestic waste generated in capital city Astana is delivered to landfilling facility Ecopolygon Astana
Real data for characterization is limited for Astana city
Introduction
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Project aim is to develop Municipal Solid Waste combustion and incineration technology for Astana city (Kazakhstan) and investigation of MSW blending effects on reactivity coals in CFB combustion and gasification processes.
It has thus following objectives:
1. Provide a year round characterization of MSW in Astana city
2. Estimate possibility to use MSW as RDF source, provide its characteristics
3. Provide experimental data for development of large scale coal and MSW blending technology for implementation in industry
4. Develop Waste Management strategies
5. Investigate effects of MSW blending on coal combustion and gasification in reactors
6. Build Eulerian‐Lagrangian CFD model of MSW/coal combustion in CFB reactor
Aims and Objectives
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
MSW was collected from 3 districts on a random base
Two campaigns were carried out: Summer and Autumn
Each sampling campaign lasted 5 days, by sorting 200‐300kg of MSW each day
Methodology: Sampling plan
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Methodology: Sampling plan
Step 2: Sample extractionStep 1: MSW delivery
Step 3: Sample preparation Step 4: Sorting and weighing
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
1st sorting, larger pieces – recyclables: Cardboard, Paper, Tetra pack, HDPE, LDPE, PET, other plastic, metals (FE, NFE), glass, wood, textile & leather, WEEE, C&D and others.
2nd sorting – combustible fraction (RDF): mixed paper, mixed plastic, wood, textile & leather.
Methodology: Sorting plan
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Examples of sorted fractions
Methodology: Sampling plan
GlassFood waste
Ferrous metal PET bottles
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Prior to Lab sample analysis, RDF fraction of MSW was reduced in size andhomogenized. Thereafter:
Proximate analysis: moisture, volatile matter, ash content and fixed carbon
Ultimate analysis: carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen in dry samples
Heavy metal content determination
Gross Calorific value determination
Methodology: Lab Analysis
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Results and Discussion: Morphology of MSW
1st sorting MSW characterization results:
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Results and Discussion: Morphology of MSW
2nd sorting MSW characterization results:
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Results and Discussion: Morphology of MSW
Average gross results by season
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
11,4%
14,6%
1,6%0,8%
5,4%
1,1%
3,5%0,4%
0,8%
49,5%
3,7%6,4%
0,7% Paper
Plastic
Fe Metals
Non Fe Metals
Glass
Wood
Textile & Leather
WEEE
C&D
Organics
12,4%
17,4%
1,1%
0,6%7,7%
0,3%
3,3%0,8%0,5%
46,1%
2,9%6,0%
1,0%
Summer Autumn
Results and Discussion: Morphology of MSW
MSW characterization in different years in Astana city
MSW classification 2006 [6] 2012 [14] 2017*
Paper 25.9 13.0 11.9
Plastic 14.8 18.5 16.0
Textile 3.85 9.80 3.39
Organics 28.9 28.0 47.8
Glass 3.30 14.5 6.56
Metal 4.35 0.9 2.08
Rest 18.9 15.3 10.3**
Astana city population 550,438 [12] 742,918 [12] 1,029,556 [13]
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Results and Discussion: Lab Analysis of RDF fraction of MSW
RDF – Astana September
2017
RDF - Astana November
2017
RDF – UK [11]
RDF –Turkey [15]
RDF- Greece [8]
%Moisture 1.53 1.60 5.9 14.8 11.7%Ash 14.2 6.98 12.9 12.9 5.31%Volatilematter
60.1 74.6 70 68.5 88.6
%FixedCarbon
24.2 16.8 11.2 16.6 6.07
C(%) 47.6 48.2 58.65 56.47 59.2H(%) 5.84 5.90 8.35 8.96 8.22O(%)a 43.7 43.7 16.03 17.7 naN(%) 2.58 2.11 1.0 1.50 0.52S(%) 0.26 0.12 0.40 0.45 naGCV ds(MJ/kg)
23.32 19.79 26.85 19.23 24.4
Proximate and Ultimate analysis of RDF and its GCV
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Results and Discussion: Lab Analysis of RDF fraction of MSW
Trace metal analysis results (ppm)
RDF – Astana Summer 2017
RDF - Astana Autumn 2017
RDF – UK [11]
RDF – Romania [10]
Cr 10.3 12.0 10.5 23Fe 1738.3 1536.9 3928.5 1492Co 1.1 1.4 1.8 <20Ni 6.6 7.8 10.3 <30Cu 22.7 22.1 31.8 37Zn 128.2 127.9 132.1 127As 0.6 0.5 1.4 <12Cd 0.1 0.1 0.2 <20Pb 5.1 4.4 29.5 147
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Conclusion
In two sampling campaigns average recyclable fraction is 31.8%, whereas energy potential is 9.1%
Major fractions of Astana city MSW waste are: organic fraction (47.8%), plastic (16.0%), and paper (11.9%).
Proximate, ultimate, GCV and trace heavy metal analyses on RDF fraction was in accordance with the reported values from other cities
A year round MSW sampling ought to be conducted in order to resolve landfilling issue in Astana
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Acknowlegement
Authors would like to thank Municipality of Astana city, for their great support to facilitate sampling campaigns at the landfill site. The authors also would like to thank Nazarbayev University (NU) for the financial support under the internal
research project (ORAU contract 144‐2018/010‐2018) entitled as: “Development of municipal solid waste combustion and incineration technology for Astana (Kazakhstan) and investigation of municipal solid waste blending effects on
reactivity of coals in CFB combustion and gasification processes”.
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Reference list:
1. ASTM D1762-84: Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Wood Charcoal.2. ASTM E777: Standard Test Method for Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen and Sulfur in the Analysis Sample Refuse Derived Fuel.3. Astana Mayor’s office: Astana city population on 1st of November reached 1,026 million.
http://astana.gov.kz/ru/modules/material/15579. (2017). Accessed 9 May 2018.4. BREF: Reference Document on the Best Available Techniques for Waste Incineration, European Commission.
http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/wi_bref_0806.pdf. (2006). Assessed 7 May, 2018. 5. Denafas, G., Ruzgas, T., Martuzevičius, D., Shmarin, S., Hoffmann, M., & Mykhaylenko, V. et al.: Seasonal variation of municipal solid waste
generation and composition in four East European cities. Resour., Conserv. And Recycl., 89, 22-30. (2014) doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.06.001.
6. Ermekov . T., Akbayev L., Ergaliev D., Baisalova G., Ergalieva G., Dolgov M., and Yesenova F.: Report on scientific research: Investigation and justification of waste utilization parameters from domestic industrial solid waste. (2012).
7. The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan: On Approval of the Plan of measures on realization of the Concept of transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the "Green Economy" for 2013 – 2020 years. http://energo.gov.kz/index.php?id=5883. (2013). Accessed 10 May 2018.
8. Gidarakos, E., Havas, G., & Ntzamilis, P.: Municipal solid waste composition determination supporting the integrated solid waste management system in the island of Crete. Waste Manag. 26(6), 668-679. (2006). doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.07.018.
9. Inglezakis, V.J., Rojas-Solorzano, L., Kim, J., Aitbekova, A., Ismailova, A. : Comparison between landfill gas and waste incineration for power generation in Astana, Kazakhstan. In Waste Management and Research. (2015). doi: 10.1177/0734242X15576562.
10. Inglezakis V., S. Dvorsak, J. Varga, C. Venetis, A.Zorpas, K. Elaiopoulos, N. Ardeleanu, L. Ilieva, K. Moustakas, M. Loizidou and C. Cobzaru: Municipal solid waste experimental studies in Romania and Bulgaria. Int. J. of Chem. and Env. Eng. Syst. Vol 3(3):64-73. (2012).
11. Materazzi, M., Lettieri, P., Mazzei, L., Taylor, R., & Chapman, C.: Fate and behavior of inorganic constituents of RDF in a two stage fluid bed-plasma gasification plant. Fuel, 150, 473-485. (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.059.
12. Ministry of National Economy: Statistics Committee. On changing the population of Kazakhstan Republic from 1st January to 1st December 2017. (2018). http://stat.gov.kz. Accessed 10 May 2018.
13. Ministry of National Economy: Statistics Committee. On changing the population of Kazakhstan Republic from 2006 to 2012. (2013). http://stat.gov.kz. Accessed 10 May 2018
14. Ministry of Regional Development, JSC “Kazakhstan Centre for Modernization and Development of Housing and Public Utilities”, LLP “Kazakhstan Scientific Center of Development of Housing and Public Utilities”, Report on research work on “Developing the scientific bases and the technologies for solid waste treatment. (2012).
15. Sever Akdağ, A., Atımtay, A., & Sanin, F. : Comparison of fuel value and combustion characteristics of two different RDF samples. Waste Manag., 47, 217-224. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.037.
16. Regional Waste Management Program is being developed in Astana. (2018). http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/8827. Accessed 30 April 2018.
17. Renou, S., Givaudan, J., Poulain, S., Dirassouyan, F., & Moulin, P.: Landfill leachate treatment: Review and opportunity. J. Of Hazar. Mater., 150(3), 468-493. (2008). doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.077.
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Thank you for your attention!
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