Aspects of Oral Communication

ASPECTS OF EFFECTIVE ASPECTS OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATIONORAL COMMUNICATION

VoicePostureGesturesFacial ExpressionsGood Delivery

What is VOICE?

Voice is the sound produced especially by human beings mainly by means of the lungs or larynx.

• Air is the “fuel” needed to power your voice.

• Your voice is the most important communication tool.

• Your voice is also the index of your personality because it reveals the kind of person you are.

VOICE vs SPEECH

VOICE is the production of sound.SPEECH is the combination and blending of sounds.

ELEMENTS of VOICEStressIntonationJunctureIntensityQualityRate

STRESS• It is the weight or prominence given

to a syllable in a word or in a group of connected speech.

• The symbol (´) is used to indicate stress in a word.

A syllable is a unit of sound. It is usually made up of vowels

and consonants.Syllabicate:

cakes

color

fantasy

kindergartenorganization

ANSWERS:

cakes

col-or

fan-ta-sy

kin-der-gar-ten

or-ga-ni-za-tion

CAKES

COLor

FANtasy

KINdergarten

organiZAtion

ELEMENTS of STRESS:

•Force or loudness – voice is loud

•Pitch – voice is raised high•Duration – voice is long

Words stressed on the first Words stressed on the first syllablesyllableMEnu SAtin INteresting

WAgon REAson QUEStion

SOfa NOtary JUStify

PROfile ANcestor PLEAsurable

BAPtism ADmirable SECretary

COUpon MIgraine SYLlable

THIRty CIRcumstance NAtional

Words stressed on the second syllable

adVERtisement phoTOGraphy

deMAND forGETfulness

exCUSE phiLOsophy

corRECT pheNOmenal

carTOON suPERlative

nineTEEN comPARE proFESsional

Words stressed on the third syllable

magaZINE refeREE

attaCHE exploRAtion

interACT affiDAvit

reinFORCE inforMAtion

underGO sepaRAtion

introDUCE uniVERsity

overACT anniVERsary

Words stressed on the fourth syllable

• temperaMENtal

• syllabiCAtion

• investiGAtion

• represenTAtion

• examiNAtion

• opthalMOlogist

GENERAL RULES:

• Most words with two syllables are stressed on the first syllable.

HOly

RIver

Oral

FAUcet

• Compound nouns have a primary stress on the first component.

BEDroom SEAweeds

RAINcoat EYEball

BIRTHday BOOKshelf

HEADache STARfish

• Compound verbs have a primary stress on the second word.call off shut down get out

break up sign off shut up

drop out switch off throw out

sit down come in speak up

• Intensive and reflexive pronouns (ending in self or selves) receive a stronger stress on the second part (self/selves).

herself ourselves

himself themselves

myself

• Numbers ending in –teen receive the stress on the last syllable.fifteen

sixteen

seventeen

• Words ending in –tion, -sion, -ic, -ical and -ity always have primary stress on the syllable before it.

exTENsion

ecoNOMic

cyNICal

CHECK-UP QUIZ

Listen to the teacher as she pronounces the word. Identify the stressed syllable by rewriting the word and capitalizing the letters of the stressed syllable. Answers only.

Example:

picture

ANSWER:

PICture

1.captain

2.sixteen

3.myself

4.permanent

5.sign off

6.exploration

7.adore

8.milkfish

9.examination

10.kindly

ANSWERS

1.CAPtain 6.exploRAtion

2.sixTEEN 7.aDORE

3.mySELF 8. MILKfish

4.PERmanent 9.examiNAtion

5.sign OFF 10. KINDly

Two-syllable words which may be used as nouns or verbs usually shift their stress from the first syllable when used as nouns; to the second syllable when used as verbs.

NOUNS VERBS

CONflict (controversy) conFLICT (to clash)

DEsert (barren region) deSERT (to abandon)

CONtent (subject matter) conTENT (to satisfy)

PROtest (complaint) proTEST (to complain)

Object (material/thing) obJECT (to disagree)

PERmit (authorization) perMIT (to allow)

REcord (list) reCORD (to put in writing)

CONtest (competition) conTEST (to challenge)

CONduct (behavior) conDUCT (to guide)

INTONATION

INTONATION

• Refers to the rise and fall of your voice when you speak.

• It is the combination of tones and stresses when pronouncing syllables that make up the words.

FOUR BASIC TONES

1. Low

2. Normal

3. High

4. Extra High is only used in expressing intense emotions like anger,excitement,fear or pain

Model:

(2)NORMAL

(3)HIGH

(1)LOW

BASIC INTONATION PATTERNS

1. Rising- falling intonation pattern or 2-3-1 pattern

2

3

1

• It is used for statements, commands or requests.

Traffic is heavy today.

Take them to the park.

Swimming is fun!

The plane is again late.

• When the voice moves sharply from one tone to another at the end of the statement, the change is called a shift.

• When the rising and falling movement of one syllable occurs within one-syllable word, it is called a glide.

• It is used for information questions/questions that need a definite answer.

Where have you been?

What’s your problem?

Where did you get it?

Who is with you?

What is your name?

2.Rising Intonation or the 2-3-3 pattern

3 3

2

It is used for questions answerable by Yes or No.

Are you ready?

Do you need help?

Are you in a hurry?

Is she saying something?

Identify the intonation pattern.

1. Are you sick?

2. Please be seated.

3. Where do you live?

4. Raymond, Paul and Tom are classmates.

5. Have you eaten your snacks?

Other Other Elements of Elements of

VoiceVoice

IntensityIntensityIt is the loudness or softness of voice.This refers to the various strengths

exerted when uttering a sound.It can be described as high (as in a

shout) or low (as in a whisper)

NO

Quality• It is the timber or tone color of voice.

• This refers to the unique characteristics of the individual voice.

• This is what identifies your voice as being different from other voices.

Common Voice QualitiesCommon Voice Qualities

1. NORMAL – the natural voice indicating little or no emotion.

I’m going to the library after class.

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man wealthy and wise.

2. FULL – the deep, full voice used in public speaking when the voice is projected to a great distance.

To live is to be among men and to be among men is to struggle.

- Jose Rizal-

3. Chesty – the deep hollow voice that seems to come from an empty cave.

- voice used when speaking the part of a ghost or spirit

Here rests his head upon the lap of Earth

A Youth to Fortune and to fame unknown.

-Thomas Gray-

4.Breathy– whispering kind of tone, especially used in a stage whisper or when an atmosphere of secrecy or mystery is desired.

Tell the others we will attack tonight. Only a few guards are left in the prison

cell.

5. Thin – the voice is high-pitched.

This occurs in extreme fatigue, extreme excitement and old age.

The boat is sinking!

6. Oral- the voice is thin and weak;often

heard among the very sick or weak

7. Nasal – the voice comes from the nasal

cavity;example is the voice of someone

who has a bad cold

8.Throaty – produced in violent anger

DURATION or RATEDURATION or RATE

• It is the fastness or slowness of the sound produced.

• It is the length of time spent in the actual production of a sound within a word.

• The length of time used in pauses or silence between word.

There was an old man who lived out in the wood

Whose trade was cutting off Broom,green,Broom!

He had but one son without thrift,without good,

Who lay in his bed til it was noon,bright noon

Characteristics of a Good Voice

1. It is pure. It should be pleasant or agreeable to the listeners.

2. It has a normal pitch.

3. It is loud enough to be heard by all.

4. It is flexible.

5. It produces good and correct articulation of every consonant and vowel sound.

A boy on the edge of a diving board

A PE teacher standing infront of his/her class

A tired carpenter waiting for a jeepney

A shopper loaded with several shopping bags

A traffic enforcer in a busy intersection

A waiter carrying a tray of foods

A woman singing in a contest

A cadet saluting an officer

A student standing during flag ceremony

A ballet dancer performing on stage

Even before you start to speak, Even before you start to speak, your bodily action is already your bodily action is already saying a lot of things about you.saying a lot of things about you.

It is not enough that you know how to use your voice effectively.

It is also important that you know It is also important that you know how to use bodily action through how to use bodily action through your posture, gestures and facial your posture, gestures and facial expressions to communicate expressions to communicate effectively.effectively.

POSTUREPOSTURE• It is the position or bearing

of the body whether natural or assumed for a special purpose.

• Look around you. Are there classmates sitting erect or are some slouching?

• Sitting erect means: I’m listening, I’m interested

• Slouching could mean: I’m tired!, I don’t care!

• Do you stand tall and erect when you recite?

• You communicate that you are confident of what you say.

• Or are your shoulders sagging and your hands are fiddling with your clothes?

• You clearly say that you doubt what you say.

What is good posture?

• It is sitting,standing and walking erect with the shoulders back,head up and chin up.

What good posture says What good posture says about you?about you?

• You are healthy and mentally alert.

• You are attentive and enthusiastic.

• You have poise. (You are in control even in emergency situations.)

• You have self-confidence.

Good posture indicates good

health, discipline and self-

confidence.

GESTURES

Gesture• It is a movement, usually of the body or

limbs, which expresses or emphasizes an idea, sentiment or attitude.

• It is the movement of the body that supports,reinforces or indicates meaning.

KINDS OF KINDS OF GESTURESGESTURES

1. Symbolic Gestures

• They communicate words, numbers and position.

For example:

• A thumbs-up- showing you agree

• Three fingers – number three

• Pointing to show a position – up, down

2. Descriptive Gestures

• They communicate an idea or movement.

For example:

• Spreading hands apart- to show length

• Using hands to show shape

3.Emotional Gestures

• They suggest feelings/emotions.

For example:

• Clenched fist – show anger

• Hands clasped – show pleading

• Pointed finger – to accuse

Basic Hand Gestures

1. Index-finger pointing

• The index finger is extended up to point out a person or a group of people, a place or direction, an object, an idea or fact

• This is usually used for mild emphasis.

2. Palm-up position or hand supine

• The palm is facing up to express welcome, approval,presentation or request

3.Palm-down position

• The palm is facing down.

• It indicates disapproval,disgust,disrespect

A variation is the PALM ADVERSE.

- The palm is extended outward away from the body.

- It is used to express a strong feeling of hatred,rejection,impatience,dismissal and even fear.

4. Clenched fist• The fingers are tightly curved and

closed.

• It is used to show intensity of feelings; for strong emphasis, also to add force to what is being said and to indicate challenge

FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

JOY• I won!

• It’s nice to see you.

• How wonderful!

• That’s exciting!

• I like it!

SADNESS• We lost in the

contest.

• I’m not feeling well.

• I made a mistake.

• I did not mean it.

FEAR• Is somebody in?

• I’m all alone.

• Can you hear me?

• Who’s knocking?

ANGER• Shut up!

• I don’t want to see you again.

• Look at me!

• Tell the truth!

EYE CONTACT• It is talking to your listeners, not just

with your voice, but with your eyes.

• When you look directly at your listeners, you establish rapport with them.