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ARTHRPPODS
ARTHRPPODSChapter 24Chapter 24
What is Entomology?The study of insects (and their near relatives).
Review of Zoological Nomenclature
Taxonomic Categories
Kingdom - AnimalaePhylum - Arthropoda
Class - InsectaOrder - Coleoptera
Family - ScarabaeidaeGenus - Popillia
Genus & speciesPopillia japonica Newman
Characteristics of the PhylumArthropoda
• Segmented bodies (e.g., head, thorax, abdomen).
• Paired appendages (e.g., legs, antennae) are jointed.
• Chitinous exoskeletion that must be shed.
• Bilateral symmetry.• The nervous system is dorsal (belly)
and the circulatory system is open and ventral (back).
24.1
Arthropod ExoskeletonsArthropod Exoskeletons• Joints are made
of stiff and flexible cuticle to allow movement.
• The exoskeleton is made of many layers of chitin.– hard material
that protects the body
– must be shed in order to grow
• Joints are made of stiff and flexible cuticle to allow movement.
• The exoskeleton is made of many layers of chitin.– hard material
that protects the body
– must be shed in order to grow
Arthropod ClassificationArthropod Classification– Crustaceans—live in oceans,
freshwater streams, and on land
– Crustaceans—live in oceans, freshwater streams, and on land
– Chelicerates—specialized dagger-like
mouthparts
– Chelicerates—specialized dagger-like
mouthparts– Insects—most live on
land, have six legs – Insects—most live on
land, have six legs
– Myriapods—long bodies and many pairs of legs
– Myriapods—long bodies and many pairs of legs
Crustaceans (Marine Arthropods)
Crustaceans (Marine Arthropods)
– two distinct body sections, cephalothorax and abdomen
–one pair of appendages per segment
– two pairs of antennae–exoskeleton–carapace
– two distinct body sections, cephalothorax and abdomen
–one pair of appendages per segment
– two pairs of antennae–exoskeleton–carapace
24.2
Crustacean AppendagesCrustacean Appendages• Crustacean appendages are
used for a variety of functions.– collecting and manipulating food– attracting females– Protection– claws, antennae, walking legs,
swimmerets, and mandibles.
• Crustacean appendages are used for a variety of functions.– collecting and manipulating food– attracting females– Protection– claws, antennae, walking legs,
swimmerets, and mandibles.
Types of Crustaceans. Types of Crustaceans. – Decapods such as lobsters and
crabs have ten legs.– Decapods such as lobsters and
crabs have ten legs.
–Barnacles are sessile filter feeders wrapped in a hard shell.
– Isopods such as pill bugs have flattened bodies and seven pairs of legs.
Chelicerate Arthropod Characters:
• Pincher-like mouthparts - chelicerae
• NO antennae• Two body regions, usually -
cephalothorax & abdomen• Four pairs of legs• Horseshoe crabs and
arachnids are only living groups
poison gland
spinnerets
fangs
24.3
Arachnids are the largest group of chelicerates. Arachnids are the largest group of chelicerates. • There are three major groups of
chelicerates.–horseshoe crabs–sea spiders–arachnids
Arachnids -- SpidersArachnids -- Spiders
• All spiders make silk and produce venom.
• All spiders make silk and produce venom.
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT
IncompleteIncompleteINCOMPLETE
METAMORPHOUS
Insects change shape gradually!
CompleteMetamorphosis
Four stages that all look different
Insects with Complete Metamorphosis
Insects with Complete Metamorphosis
• beetles• bees, ants, wasps• Flies• butterflies
• beetles• bees, ants, wasps• Flies• butterflies
EGG LARVA PUPA ADULT
Insects with Incomplete Metamorphosis
Insects with Incomplete Metamorphosis
• fleas• grasshoppers &
crickets
• fleas• grasshoppers &
crickets
EGG NYMPH ADULT
Wings NOT fully
developed
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