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Arne Bjørlykke Seminar5 okt.- 06
”Geologi for Samfunnet”
Geohazard ekspertise i Norge og internasjonalt utfordringer
Oddvar Kjekstad
Geohazards, hva legger vi i det?Hendelser forårsaket av geologiske forhold eller prosesser som
representerer alvårlige trusler for mennesker, eiendom/infrastrukureller naturen
På land• Skred• Jordskjelv• Vulkaner• Flom
Offshore• Undervannssked• Tsunami• Mud vulkaner • Grunn gass
Våre nasjonale ”Geohazard” problemer
200 m3 – 250 m3
Naturkatasrofer i Mellom Amerika
The Casita slide
Hurrican Mitch, Nicaragua1998
Venezuela Rainfall, 1999-
Haiti May 2004-
Earthquake El Salvador Jan.2001-
Guatamala 2005, Hurrican Stan
Naturkatastrofer i Asia
Pakistan 2005 Earthquake-
The Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004
Leyte, Phillines March 2006 Utradit, Northern Thailand, May 2006
vMa
Bam Earthquake, Iran 2003
Natural Disaster Mitigation Contribution from Norway
• Risk Identification and Assessment– Landslides, flooding, earthquakes and tsunami
• Risk Reduction– Preventive measures, early warning, physical measures,
building regulations, awarness
• Training and Capacity Building/Development– Institutional co-operation
Naturskade Eksempler på “norske” prosjekter
VenezuelaNicaraguaEl Salvador
Central America Ethiopia
Norway / Sweden
India
Bhutan
Malaysia
Sri Lanka
Hong KongCaucasus Nepal
Canada
Madagascar
TajikstanKazakhstan
UK
CaribbeanThailand
Pakistan
Indonesia
Bhutan, et fjell land med mange utfordringer
Mange hovedveier blir vanskelig fremkommelig på grunn av skred i monsoon perioden
Vi undersøker om bruk av veitunneler erløsningen på skredproblemene
Alt arbeid i Bhutan gjøres i tett samarbeidmed de lokale ingeniørene/geologene
Lokalisering av nye skoler/sykehus i områdersom ikke kan rammes av flom eller skred vil være en del av prosjekt Fase 3
The Nicaragua Project
• Identification of the most landslide prone areas in 4 volcano slopes
• Pilot project on early warning based on rainfall measurements
• Capacity building within INETER
Threshold values for rainfall that triggers landslides
Challenges:
• Deforestation• Urbanization • More extreme weather
4-Year Central America Training Program2004 – 2008
“Management of Risks Caused by Landslides”
• Regional initiative, 6 countries
• 25 middle managers trained one week annually for 4 years.
• Focus on practical aspects in landslide mitigation, best practice for hazard/risk mapping
• Implementing landslide mitigation demonstration projects in 3 countries
• Yearly Dissemination Seminar, 50-100 participants
Global Landslide Hazard
Tsunami RiskMitigation Strategy
for ThailandSeminar in Phuket
February 2006
Elements in the project• Determine causes and consequences of Dec. 2004 event
• Establish future earthquake and tsunami-generating scenarios and their return periods (hazard)
• Model future tsunamis and their inundation levels
• Assess future risk to human life and acceptance criteria
• Recommend risk mitigation measures
• Ensure local involvement and dissemination of results
Conclusions from risk assessment
• Within next 50-100 years maximum credible earthquake affecting Thailand is M 8.5 giving inundation level +2.5 to +3.0 at high tide.
Such tsunamis will give small consequences in ThailandNo immediate mitigation measures strictly necessary, but increased public awareness is desirable
Conclusions from risk evaluation• In the Long term (100 – 400 years) the probability of occurrence of
a major tsunami will increase gradually with time.• If no risk mitigation measures are taken, the societal risk due to a
major tsunami will be unacceptably high after about 50 – 100 years, approaching catastrophic levels in 200 – 400 years.
Mitigation measures are needed to reduce long term risks
The Oil and Gas Industry
Failure scenarios Ormen Lange
Oil and gas related geohazard projects 1995-2005
Noen konklusjoner
1. Norge hevder seg bra internasjonalt innenfor gehohazard feltet.
2. Erfaringene hjemme er en god plattform
3. Vi har et godt grep både på kunnskapsutvikling og på praktiskanvendelse.
4. Etableringen av International Centre for Geohazards(ICG), en vesentlig inspirasjonskilde.
5. Vi klarer å samabeide (NGU, NTNU, NORSAR, UiO og NGI).
6. Tilfanget av nye internasjonale oppgaver er sterkt økende
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