Are you ready for chemistry?. Some terms: Chemistry The study of matter, its composition and its...

Are you ready for chemistry?

Some terms:

Chemistry The study of matter, its composition and its

interactions Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Property A characteristic

Physical Change

A change in which the substance changes form, but not compostion

Chemical change

A change in which the substance changes composition and makes something new.

http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/science

9/chemistry/lesson8c.html

Qualitative vs Quantitative

An observation that does not contain a number.

Example: It is warm outside.

An observation that does contain a number.

Example: The temperature outside is 25C.

Mixture

A combination of two or more kinds of matter, in which each component retains its own characteristics.

Solution vs Heterogeneous mixture

A mixture in which the different components are mixed so that they appear to be a single substance

A mixture in which the different components can be distinctly seen.

Pure substance

A material that is composed of only one type of particle. (Can be an element or a compound.)

Element vs compound

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into smaller particles and retain the same properties.

A pure substance that is composed of two or more elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions.

Atomic number vs Mass number

The number of protons in an atom

A sum of the protons and neutrons in one atom of a particular element.

Isotope

Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, giving them a different mass number.

Radioisotope

An unstable isotope of an element, which undergoes radioactive decay.

Plutonium pellet

Gas Tests

Type of Splint Used

Result

Oxygen glowing Relights

Hydrogen Flaming Pops

Carbon Dioxide

Glowing Extinguishes

5 Clues that a chemical reaction has taken place:

1. A colour change is observed. 2. The change is difficult to reverse. 3. Bubbles of gas are produced. 4. Heat or light is released or absorbed. 5. A precipitate forms when two

solutions are mixed.

Physical or Chemical Change? A. Rusting of metal?

Chemical B. Dissolving of sugar?

physical C. Water freezing?

physical D. Burning Leaves?

chemical E. Dynamite exploding?

chemical F. Shattering Glass?

Physical

Qualitative or Quantitative

A. The flame from the burning carbon was 4 cm high. Quantitative

B. Coal is the primary source of carbon. Qualitative

C. The apple has a mass of 200g. Quantitative

D. Mercury is a silver liquid at room temperature. Qualitative

Name Symbol Name Symbol

Hydrogen H Carbon C

Oxygen O Sodium Na

Aluminum Al Chlorine Cl

Calcium Ca Iodine I

Lithium Li Gold Au

Potassium K Lead Pb

Calcium:

A. In what period is it located? 4

B. In what group is it located? 2

C. What is its atomic number? 20

D. What is its atomic mass? 40 amu

Two main types of bonds

Ionic Bonding Electrons are

transferred from a metal to a non-metal

Covalent bonding Electrons are shared

between two non-metals

Binary Compounds A. MgO

Magnesium oxide B. Li3P

Lithium phosphide C. CaBr2

Calcium bromide D. BaCl2

Barium chloride E. K2S

Potassium sulphide F. AlN

Aluminum nitride

Write the word equation for each of the following:

A. Magnesium reacts with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide. Magnesium + oxygen Magnesium oxide

B. Copper (II) sulphate reacts with lithium nitrate to produce lithium sulphate and copper (II) nitrate. Copper (II) sulphate + lithium nitrate lithium

sulphate + copper (II) nitrate

5 types of chemical reactions.

1. Synthesis Two or more substances become one A + B AB

2. Decompostion One substance breaks down into two or more

products AB A + B

3. Single Displacement One element replaces another in a compound A + BC AC + B or AB + C CB + A

5 types of chemical reactions

4. Double Displacement Two compounds switch ions. AB +CD CB + AD

5. Combustion A reaction with oxygen that produces carbon

dioxide and water Hydrocarbon + O2 H2O + CO2