Apuntas de repaso Explanation and conjugations of Present Tense verbs Fecha: Hoy es martes 21 de...

Apuntas de repaso

Explanation and conjugations of Present Tense verbs

Fecha: Hoy es martes 21 de agosto del 2012

Present tense Notes1. Present tense

A verb is a word that expresses an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. All Spanish verbs belong to one of three categories, according to the infinitive, -ar, -er, or –ir verbs. How to form regular verbs: 1: drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir)2: add the appropriate present tense endings to match the subject.-ar verb endings -er endings -ir endings

o

as

a

amos

an

áis

o o

es es

e e

emos imos

éis ís

en en

How do you write a sentence using ar, er, and ir ending verbs;

1. Yo bailo todos los díasYo is the subject pronounbailo is the conjugated verbTodos los días is the rest of the

sentenceBailar is the infinitive of the conjugated

verb bailo.

How do you write a sentence using ar, er, and ir ending verbs;

1. Yo bailo todos los díasYo is the subject pronounbailo is the conjugated verbTodos los días is the rest of the

sentenceBailar is the infinitive of the conjugated

verb bailo.

Continuation of notesWhen to use it• The present tense forms of Spanish verbs

express both the English present tense (I walk) Yo hablo and the English present

progressive (I am walking) Yo estoy hablando.

• Spanish Present tense forms also include the auxiliary verb do/does that English uses in questions and negative sentences. Do/does are not expressed in Spanish before another verb

Continuation of notes• Indicates:A) an action or state of being at the present

time.Examples: 1. Hablo español

• I speak Spanish, I am speaking Spanish, I do speak Spanish

2. Creo en Dios• I believe in God

Continuation of notesB) Habitual action

Example:Voy a la biblioteca todos los díasI go to the library every dayI do go to the library every day.

C). A general truth, something which is permanently trueExamples : 1) Seis menos dos son cuatro.

Six minus two are four2) El ejercicio hace maestro al novicio.

Practice makes perfect.

Continuation of notesD) Vividness when talking about past events.

Example: El asesino se pone pálido. Tiene miedo. Sale de la casa y corre a lo largo del río. The murderer turns pale. He is afraid. He goes out of the house and runs along the river.

e) A near future.Examples:1. Mi hermano llega mañana.

My brother arrives tomorrow.2. ¿Escuchamos un disco ahora?

Shall we listen to a record now?

Continuation of notes• Types of irregular verbs

– -oy verbs - These verbs are irregular in the yo form (and possibly other forms). The yo form ends in “oy”

• Examples: ser, ir, dar, estar (best to just memorize these verbs and their forms)

– Stem changers (aka shoe verbs) – • These verbs have a change in the stem (what’s left

after removing the –ar, -er, or –ir)• There are 4 types:

– e-ie (tener, querer, comenzar, etc.)– e-I (decir, pedir,seguir etc.) – o-ue (dormir, poder, etc.)– u-ue (jugar)

Steps to form them:1: Chopsuey2: Switch-a-roonie3: schmoosh

Continuation of notes– “-go” verbs – These verbs are irregular in the

yo form (and possibly other forms). The yo form ends in “go”

• Examples: poner, salir, hacer, traer, venir, decir, oír, seguir

• Another type of verbs– Reflexives– A verb is reflexive when the subject and the

object are the same. In other words, when the subject does something to himself.

– When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive ends in "se."

Continuation of notes• To learn to conjugate reflexive verbs, you need

a different set of pronouns called "reflexive pronouns." These pronouns are positioned before the verb, while the ending "se" is dropped and the verb is conjugated normally.

• The reflexive pronouns are not subject pronouns; rather they are object pronouns.

• The purpose of the reflexive object pronouns is to show that the action of the verb remains with the subject.

Continuation of notes• me (myself)

te (yourself)se (himself, herself, yourself)

nos (ourselves)os (yourselves)se (themselves, yourselves)

To conjugate a reflexive verb:1. Remove the “se”2. Rearrange – move the “se” to the front of the verb3. Make a change – change the “se” to match the subject4. Chopsuey – remove the –ar,-er, or –ir5. Switch-a-roonie – make a stem change if necessary6. Schmoosh – add the correct ending to match the subject

Lav seme aro(yo) (tú) ac o st ar sete ue as

Continuation of notes• When two verbs are used together, the

first verb is conjugated and the second verb is left in the infinitive form. (big brother-little brother verbs)– Example:

• I want to eat. Quiero comer.

• When the 2nd verb is reflexive, change the “se” to match the subject, but leave it at the end of the verb. – Example:

• I need to go to bed Necesito acostarme

Present Tense Conjugations

1

1.To talk, to speakHablar

HabloHablasHabla

Hablamos

HablanHabláis

2

1.To eatcomer

Comocomescome

comemoscoméiscomen

3

1.To livevivir

vivovivesvive

vivimosvivísviven

4

1.To beser

soyeres

es

somos

son

sois

5

1.To beEstar

EstoyEstásEstá Están

EstamosEstáis

6

1.To goir

voyvasva

vamosvaisvan

7

1.To give, to throw(a party)dar

doydasda

damos

dandais

8

1.To seever

veovesve

vemos

venvéis

9

1.To readleer

leoleeslee

leemosleéisleen

10

1.To paypagar

pagopagaspaga

pagamos

paganpagáis

11

1.To touch, to play (an instrument)tocar

tocotocastoca

tocamos

tocantocáis

12

1.To learnaprender

aprendoaprendesaprende

aprendemos

aprendenaprendéis

13

1.To havetener

tengotienestiene tienen

tenemostenéis

14

1.To want, to wish,To love

quererquieroquieres

quiere quieren

queremosqueréis

15

1.To begincomenzar

comienzocomienzascomienza comienzan

comenzamoscomenzáis

16

1.To sleepdormir

duermoduermesduerme duermen

dormimosdormís

17

1.To be able to, canpoder

podemosPodéis

puedopuedespuede pueden

18

1.To put, to placeponer

pongoponespone

ponemosponéisponen

19

1.To leave, to go outsalir

salgosalessale

salimossalíssalen

20

1.To do, to makehacer

hagohaceshace

hacemoshacéishacen

21

1.To bringtraer

traigotraestrae

traemostraéistraen

22

1.To comeVenir

VengoVienesviene

VenimosVenísvienen

23

1.To knowsaber

sésabessabe

sabemossabéissaben

24

1.To know, to be familiar withconocer

conozcoconocesconoce

conocemosconocéisconocen

25

1.To wash one’s selfLavarse

Me lavoTe lavasSe lava

Nos lavamosOs laváisSe lavan

26

1.To go to bedacostarse

Me acuestoTe acuestasSe acuesta

Nos acostamosOs acostáisSe acuestan

27

1.

To enjoy one’s self,To have a good time

divertirseme diviertote diviertes

se divierte

nos divertimosos divertís

se divierten

28

1.To walk

andan

andoandasanda

andamosandar

andáis

29

1.To say, to telldecir

digodices

dice

decimosdecís

dicen

30

1.

To ask for, to requestpedirpidopides

pide

pedimospedís

piden

31

1.

To follow, to continueseguirsigosigues

sigue

seguimosseguís

siguen

31

1.To hearoír

oigooyes

oye

oímosoís

oyen