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AP Environmental Science Mr. Grant Lesson 76. Marine and Coastal Ecosystems & Marine Pollution. Objectives:. Define the term by-catch . Describe major types of marine ecosystems. Assess impacts from marine pollution. Define the term by-catch . By-Catch :. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
AP Environmental Science
Mr. GrantLesson 76
Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
&
Marine Pollution
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Objectives:
• Define the term by-catch.• Describe major types of marine ecosystems.• Assess impacts from marine pollution.
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By-Catch:
Define the term by-catch.
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Describe major types of marine ecosystems.
• Major types of marine and coastal ecosystems include pelagic and deep-water open ocean systems, kelp forests, coral reefs, intertidal zones, salt marshes, mangrove forests, and estuaries.
• Many of these systems are highly productive and rich in biodiversity. Many also suffer from human influence.
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Marine and coastal ecosystems
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Open ocean systems vary in biodiversity
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Animals of the deep ocean
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Kelp forests harbor many organisms
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Coral reefs are treasure troves of biodiversity
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Most corals are colonial
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Coral reefs are in worldwide decline
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Deepwater coral reefs exist
Squat lobsters on a cold-water coral reef off the coast of Ireland
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Intertidal zones undergo constant change
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A typical intertidal zone
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Intertidal zones are a tough place
to live
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Salt marshes line temperate shorelines
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People change and destroy salt marshes
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Mangrove forests line coasts
Mangroves provide food, medicine, tools, and construction materials
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Mangrove forests have been destroyed
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Fresh and salt water meet in estuaries
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Assess impacts from marine pollution.
• People pollute ocean waters with trash, including nets and plastic that harm marine life.
• Plastic trash accumulate in ocean regions where it is trapped by currents.
• Marine oil pollution results from non-point sources on land as well as from spills at sea from tankers and drilling platforms.
• Heavy metal contaminants in seafood affect human health.
• Nutrient pollution can lead to dead zones and harmful algal blooms.
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Marine pollution
In 2008, 391,000 Ocean Conservancy
volunteers from 104 nations
picked up 3.1 million kg (6.8 million lb) of
trash from 27,000 km
(17,000 miles) of shoreline
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Nets and plastic debris endanger life
Trillions of tiny plastic pellets float in the oceans and are eaten
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Plastic trash is accumulating in the oceans
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Oil pollution comes from spills of all
sizes
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Oil spills have severe consequences
Major oil spills cause
severe environmental and economic
problems
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Oil spills have
decreased
Recently, oil spills
have decreased
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Toxic pollutants contaminate seafood
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Excess nutrients cause algal blooms
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