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AP Biology 2009-2010
Endocrine SystemHormones
& Homeostasis
Regents Biology
Homeostasis Homeostasis
__________________________________ organism must keep internal conditions
stable even if environment changes also called “________________________”
example: body temperature ___________________________
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
___________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________
Regents Biology
Regulation How we maintain homeostasis
_________________________ nerve signals control body functions
_________________________ _________________________ chemical signals control body functions
Regents Biology
Controlling Body Temperature
high
low
nerve signals
sweat
nerve signals
brain
body temperature
shiver brain
dilates surfaceblood vessels
constricts surfaceblood vessels
Nervous System Control Feedback
Regents Biology
Hormones Why are hormones needed?
chemical messages from one body part to cells in other parts of body
communication needed to coordinate whole body
________________________
growth hormones
Regents Biology
Endocrine System Endocrine system releases hormones
____________________________________________________
chemicals cause changes in other parts of body
slow, long-lasting responsegrowth hormonessex hormonesresponse hormonesmetabolism hormonesand more….
Regents Biology
Responding to hormones __________________________________
__________________________________
____________
__________________
__________________
can’tread
signal
can’tread
signal
Regents Biology
Glands ______________
melatonin ______________
many hormones: master gland
______________ thyroxine
______________ adrenaline
______________ insulin, glucagon
______________ estrogen
______________ testosterone
Regents Biology
Maintaining homeostasis
high
low
hormone 1
lowersbody condition
hormone 2
gland
specific body condition
raisesbody condition
gland
Feedback
Regents Biology
Negative Feedback Response to changed body condition
if body is high or low from normal level signal tells body to make changes that will
bring body back to normal level once body is back
to normal level, signal is turned off
_________
high
hormone 1
lowersbody condition
gland
specific body condition
Regents Biology
liver
pancreas
liver
Regulation of Blood Sugar
blood sugar level(90mg/100ml)
insulin
body cells takeup sugar
from blood
liver storessugar
reducesappetite
glucagon
pancreas
liver releases
sugartriggershunger
high
low
FeedbackEndocrine System Control
AP Biology 2006-2007
Endocrine SystemHormones
& Reproduction
Regents Biology
Sex & Growth Hormones Large scale body
changes how do they work
_________________ start new processes
in the body by turning genes on that were lying “dormant”
Regents Biology
Pituitary gland hormones Sex & reproductive hormones
____________ _____________________________ stimulates egg & sperm production
____________ _____________________________ stimulates ovaries & testes prepares uterus for fertilized egg
oxytocin stimulates childbirth contractions releases milk in nursing mothers
prolactin milk production in nursing mothers
hormones hormones
Regents Biology
________________ ________________ sperm production
& secondary sexual characteristics
________________ ________________ egg production,
preparing uterus for fertilized egg & secondary sexual characteristics
Reproductive hormones
Regents Biology
Sperm production over 100 million produced per day! ~50 million released per mL!
Male reproductive system
Regents Biology
spermatocytes
seminiferoustubule
sperm
Regents Biology
Male reproductive system
Testes & epididymis sperm production &
maturation Glands
seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethal
produce seminal fluid
Buffers against acidic vaginal fluids
Regents Biology
Male reproductive system ______________________
produces sperm & hormones ______________________
sac that holds testicles outside of body to keep sperm at correct temperature.
______________________ where sperm mature
______________________ tubes for sperm to travel from testes to penis
Prostate, seminal vesicles, Cowper’s (bulbourethal) glands nutrient rich fluid to feed & protect sperm
Regents Biology
Female reproductive system
Regents Biology
Female reproductive system ______________________
produces eggs & hormones ______________________
nurtures fetus; lining builds up each month ______________________
tubes for eggs to travel from ovaries to uterus ______________________
opening to uterus, dilates 10 cm for birthing baby ______________________
birth canal for birthing baby
Regents Biology
Female reproductive system
Regents Biology
Egg maturation in ovary
releasesprogesterone
maintainsuteruslining
produces estrogen
Regents Biology
LH
FSH
estrogen
progesterone
lining of uterus
egg developmentovulation = egg release
corpus luteum
0 7 14 21 28days
Menstrual cycle Controlled by
interaction of 4 hormones FSH & LH estrogen progesterone
Regents Biology
corpusluteumovary
Female reproductive cycle
pregnancy
maintainsuterus lining
no
yes
Feedback
estrogenegg
matures &is released(ovulation)
builds up uterus lining
FSH & LH
progesterone
progesterone
fertilized egg(zygote)
corpus luteum breaks downprogesterone drops
menstruation
corpusluteum
maintainsuterus lining
pituitarygland
hypothalamus
Regents Biology
Female hormones FSH & LH
_____________________________________________ stimulates egg development & hormone release peak release = release of egg (ovulation)
Estrogen _____________________________________________ stimulates growth of lining of uterus decreasing levels causes menstruation
Progesterone _____________________________________________
cells that used to take care of developing egg stimulates blood supply to lining of uterus decreasing levels causes menstruation
Regents Biology
Fertilization
Regents Biology
Placenta Food & gases diffuse across blood vessels Mother’s & Baby’s blood NEVER mixes
Regents Biology
Any Questions??
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