AP Age of Exploration

God, Gold, & God, Gold, & GloryGlory

The Age of European Exploration & Expansion

Bell Ringer“They are ungrateful, changeable, simulators and dissimulators, runaways in danger, eager for gain; while you do well by them they are all yours; they offer you their blood, their property, their lives, their children when need is far off; but when it comes near you, they turn about.”

This political assessment above of Renaissance citizens can be found in

A. Castiglione’s The CourtierB. Shakespeare’s Julius CaesarC. More’s UtopiaD. Machiavelli’s The PrinceE. Cellini’s Autobiography

MotivesThe 3 G’s

Godreligious fervor convert natives

Goldexpand trade - esp. spices & precious

metalsprofit

Gloryadventurepowernational pride

Means

Mid-1400sEuropean monarchs had MORE:

PowerResourcesAdvanced technology

Portugal

Early leaderSailed eastward

--> India (spice trade)

Vasco da Gama

Cape of Good HopeSecured control of

spice tradeTook from Muslims

HUGE $$$

Prince Henry the Navigator

Instrumental Patronage led to

major technological advances

Spain

Sailed westward

Seeking route --> Asia

SpainPortugal

Christopher Columbus

Earth not so big

Queen Isabella (Spain)

4 voyages - all end up in the Caribbean

Ferdinand Magellan

1519 - 1st to circumnavigate the globe (sort of)

Spain in the Americas

Conquistadors - the Spanish conquerors of the Americas

“Gifts” from SpainSlaveryDiseaseDeath

Encomienda System

Aztec & Inca civilizations destroyed

Spanish controlSubjects of Queen

Encomienda - the right of landowners to use Native Americans as laborers

Protection - required but not followed

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the AmericasEurope --> Americas

Horses, cattle, & wheatAmericas --> Europe

Potatoes, cocoa, corn, tomatoes, & tobacco

Transformed economic activity

European Rivals

DutchFrenchBritish

The Main Idea…

How did the presence of the Europeans in the “New World” impact the indigenous populations in a positive way? In a negative way?

The trans-Atlantic slave trade was the trade of African people supplied to the colonies of the “New World" that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

Locate: Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Africa & the Americas

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Began in the 1500s

What purpose did the trans-Atlantic slave trade serve?

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Purpose:To fill the need for labor in Spain’s

American empire Eventually provided labor for British

and French colonies in the Americas

Triangular Trade

What is triangular trade?

Triangular Trade

Hint: It is not the trading of triangles… Hey! Sweet

triangle dude! Want to trade it

for a chicken leg?

Triangular Trade

Triangular trade is trade between three ports or regions.

Most famous: West Africa, the Americas, and Europe

The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage was the sea lane

west from Africa that carried abducted or recently purchased African slaves.

The Middle Passage

1 - 6 month journey (weather dependent)

Estimated 11+ million Africans

A 1 - 6 month cruise sounds good, right?

Middle Passage

Problems:OvercrowdingDiseaseBrutal, inhuman treatment

Many died due to poor conditionsDysenteryScurvyStarvationSmallpox