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Design of Fractal Cantor Antenna
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DESIGN OF A SELF SIMILAR MULTI FRACTAL CANTOR ANTENNA FOR IRNSS &GAGAN APPLICATIONS
OBJECTIVE
To design a Self similar Multifractal Cantor Antenna for
an user – receiver, which will be used concurrently for
IRNSS (Indian Regional Navigational Satellite
System) and GAGAN (GPS-Aided Geo-Augmented
Navigation) Applications.
To investigate the behavior of the proposed antenna by
means of its
parameters such as Return Loss and Radiation Pattern.
INTRODUCTION:- GPS is satellite based navigation system based on radio
navigation.
On considering the Indian scenario, there are so many
limitations of using GPS.
The main limitations are Selective Availability and Anti spoofing.
GPS alone cannot satisfy the integrity, accuracy and availability
requirements.
So GPS Aided and Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN), a
satellite based augmentation system for India, built over the
GPS system is expected to provide the seamless navigation
support over the Asia-Pacific regions.
Signals received by the GAGAN Receiver is having a
frequency band of L1
(1575.42MHz), L5 (1176.45MHz).
An innovative proposal based on a unique concept of using
geo-stationary
satellite for navigation applications is being implemented
for India
The system is named as IRNSS (Indian Regional
Navigational Satellite
System), a regional self-reliant, all weather, 24 hour
navigation support
system over the Indian region’s land, air and sea users.
IRNSS is an autonomous regional satellite navigation
system being
developed by the Indian Space Research Organization
which would be
under total control of Indian government.
The requirement of such a navigation system is driven by
the fact that
provides access to Global Navigation Satellite Systems
since GPS is not
guaranteed in hostile situations.
Contd..
The IRNSS would provide two services.
One with the Standard Positioning Service open for civilian
use and the
other service is the Restricted Service, encrypted one for
authorized users
(military).
IRNSS consist of a constellation of seven satellites and a
support ground
segment. Three of the satellites in the constellation will be
placed in
geostationary orbit.
With the advent of IRNSS, India will be able to have a self-
reliant navigation
with entire control and operations over Indian region.
IRNSS signals consist of a Special Positioning Service and a
Precision
Service.
Both will be carried on L5 (1176.45 MHz) and S band
(2492.08 MHz)
Design of IRNSS antenna at user segment is necessary.
Contd..
For the applications of IRNSS and GAGAN, an user
receiver with Multiband Antenna is required.
This Project emphasize on a Circularly polarized
multifractal Cantor antenna.
The self similar property in antenna exhibits multiband
resonant frequencies.
Multifractal cantor is mainly meant for Miniaturization
A fractal is a rough or fragmented geometric shape
that can be split into parts, each of which is (at least
approximately) a reduced-size copy of the whole, and
this property is called self-similarity.
Contd..
Because of the self similar characteristics, fractal concepts have emerged as a novel design methodology for compact multiband antennas
The geometry of the proposed antenna is based on the geometry of Cantor set. A Cantor set is a self-similar object which is formed by an iterative process starting with initiator of length and width .
The Operating frequencies for this antenna will operate at 1176.45MHz(L5), 2492.08MHz(S ) ,1575.42MHz(L1).
Advanced Design System Software will be used for
simulation and expected Result.
Contd..
User Segment of IRNSS
• The user segment consists of IRNSS receivers
operating in
– Single Frequency ( L5 or S band)
– Dual Frequency (L5 and S band)
• Single frequency and dual frequency receivers shall
receive both SPS and RS signals. SPS is for civilian
users.
Paper title A Multifractal Cantor Antenna for MultibandWireless Applications
Author B. Manimegalai, S. Raju
Paper/journal IEEE Antennas And Wireless Propagation
Letters,
Vol. 8
Year 2009
Summary A novel printed Cantor fractal monopole antennausing multifractal technique is proposed.
Conclusion The antenna has multi-band characteristics
covering GSM, DCS, PCS, UMTS, and
WLAN applications.The multifractal Cantor antenna offers the possibility of miniaturization.
LITERATURE SURVEY-1
Paper title A Self-Similar Fractal Cantor Antenna for MICS Band Wireless Applications
Author Gopalakrishnan Srivatsun, Sundaresan Subha Rani
Paper/journal Wireless Engineering and Technology, 2,
107-111
Year 2011
Summary A Self-similar fractal antenna using multi cantor technique is proposed and experimentally studied.
Conclusion Space-filling cantors and self-similarity properties of fractal geometry have been adopted in the proposed antenna to miniaturize the size of antenna. The antenna is designed in such a way to operate at MICS band (Medical Implant communication Service) for wireless telemedicine application
LITERATURE SURVEY-2
Paper title A Compact Multiband Fractal Cantor Antenna forWireless Applications
Author G. Srivatsun, Subha Rani
Paper/journal European Journal of Scientific ResearchISSN 1450-216X Vol.71 No.2 , pp. 273-282
Year 2012
Summary This paper addresses the appraisal of the novel self-similar fractal geometry to miniaturize and to resonate for multiband frequencies.
Conclusion A compact antenna designed at 2.4GHz exhibiting multiband characteristics which tends to fit WLAN IEEE 802.11b and IEEE802.15, PCS(1900), GSM lowerband, GSM higher band, DCS(1800),IMT(2000), UMTS(2100), WiFi, and WLAN wireless applications has been proposed.
LITERATURE SURVEY-3
Paper title Improved Multiband performance with
self similar fractal antennas
Author D.Anagnostou , M.T.Chryssomallis
Paper/journal IEEE transactions on antennas &
Propagation.
Year 2003
Summary Fractal Antennas have the characteristic of
radiating in multiple frequencies, usually
in a logarithmic pattern, through the
property of self similarity.
Conclusion 7 Controllable frequency bands from 0 to 2
GHz with one antenna are obtained. A new
approach to multiple frequency antenna.
LITERATURE SURVEY-4
Paper title Broad Band Dual frequency Microstrip
Patch Antenna With Modified Sierpinski
Fractal Geometry
Author Jaume Anguera ,Carles Puente
Paper/journal IEEE transactions on antennas &
Propagation.
Year 2004
Summary A dual frequency antenna based on the
sierpinski fractal with two parasitic
patches to enhance the impedance
bandwidth
Conclusion A physical interpretation of the input
impedance enhancement has been
demonstrated using an electrical circuit
model based on RLC resonators
LITERATURE SURVEY-5
Paper title A Modified Sierpinski Fractal Antenna for
Multiband Application
Author Kuem C.Hwang
Paper/journal IEEE transactions on antennas &
Propagation.
Year 2007
Summary A Broadband planar Sierpinski fractal
antenna for multiband application(
GSM/PCS/SATELLITE DMB)
Conclusion A modified two iteration Sierpinski patch
and a slotted ground plane are used to
enhance the bandwidth performance.
LITERATURE SURVEY-6
Paper title Spiral Antenna Array Using RT-Duroid
Substrate for Indian Regional Navigational
Satellite System
Author B.SadasivaRao ,T.Raghavendra Vishnu
Paper/journal International Journal Of Soft Computing
And Engineering
Year 2012
Summary A new planar wideband feed for a slot
spiral Antenna is designed for IRNSS
Conclusion Designed antenna will perform over the
frequency L5(1175 MHz).Spiral antenna is
able to receive upper hemisphere satellite
signals.
LITERATURE SURVEY-7
Inference From Literature Survey
From the literature survey it is observed that multi fractal Cantor
antenna can be used for multiband behavior.
Using fractal Cantor antenna, miniaturization is Obtained
PROPOSED ANTENNA STRUCTURE
PROPOSED SYSTEM STEPS INVOLVED:
STEP 1 : The Self similar fractal structures are constructed by scaling a
rectangle.
STEP 2 : Scaling is done by a factor of three along its x and y coordinates.
STEP 3 : Factoring three along its length and width leads to nine rectangles
measure equal in dimension
STEP 4 : The left and right columns are eliminated except the middle region
STEP 5 : This process is a repetitive procedure and continued upto n th iteration
and placing. Placing port over designed layer.
STEP 6 : Changing the port positions and analyzing the changes occurring.
STEP 7 : Validating the results
The self similar structure segments are developed at each iteration of same dimensions.
The obtained antenna tends to diminish in size and occupies fewer spaces. The self similar Cantor fractal antenna is developed on a FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6mm.
Ground plane is placed at the bottom of the substrate.
Using the self similarity property the fractal dimension of set S(w) have nine subsets.
For the first iteration the 1st, 3rd , 4th , 6th subsets are removed. Likewise the iteration goes up for the remaining subsets. The iterative coefficients are obtained as follows
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
Substrate used – FR4
Substrate Thickness – 1.6mm
Conductor – Copper (35micron)
The cantor fractal antenna is designed in ADS layout window.
Initially with the specified dimensions and based upon the iterative coefficients obtained the cantor fractal antenna is designed in the layout window.
Using the polygon structure the cantor fractal geometry is generated and the process is repeated for each sub segment.
Once the antenna is designed in the layout window, the next step is to specify the substrate properties. FR4 substrate is chosen and the thickness is specified.
The performance of the multifractal cantor antenna at different iteration has been investigated using ADS momentum.
Optimization of port position is done for obtaining the corresponding frequencies.Each frequency the radiation pattern and the return loss plot are developed and analyzed.
Designed Antenna Layout in ADS
Designed Antenna Layout in ADS
Designed Antenna Layout in ADS
Designed Antenna Layout in ADS
Basic Properties of fractals
Fractals have definite cantor even at small scales.
It is self-similar and space filling cantor.
It has fractal dimension and are recursive in nature.
They are irregular to describe in mathematical geometry.
This Project aims at regular self-similar cantor
Substrate Editor view
SUBSTRATES USED PORT POSITIONS FREQUENCY RETURN LOSS(dB)
X Y
FR4-1.6mm 109 174 1.17 GHz2.2GHZ
-10-24
FR4-1.6mm 112 174 1.3GHz1.42GHz2.5GHZ
-18-20-24
FR4-1.6mm 115.6 174 1.176GHz1.575GHz2.492GHz
-6-13-17
FR4-1.6mm 114.3 174 1.05GHz1.35GHz2.53HGz
-20-17
FR4-1.6mm 116 174 1.125GHZ1.495GHz2.345GHz
-15-18-10
Various port Positions and Substrate used
Simulation Results- Return Loss plot
Current Distribution
Radiation pattern of Cantor Antenna
Prototype of Self Similar Cantor Antenna
Obtained Antenna Parameters:-
CONCLUSION
The design of Cantor fractal antenna that effectively supports multiband operation is proposed.
The Cantor fractal antenna is designed up to two iterations
The desired results are obtained for Single layer substrate.
The experimental data clearly depicts the antenna’s multiband operation.
The designed antenna is showing remarkable performance over the frequencies 1176.45MHz, 1575.42MHz, 2492.08MHz.
Thus an multiband antenna with miniaturized size is designed which can be used concurrently for IRNSS and GAGAN user receiver applications.
The designed antenna shows good gain and directivity.
REFERENCES:-
1. Gopalakrishnan Srivatsun, Sundaresan Subha Rani, “A Self-Similar Fractal Cantor Antenna for MICS Band Wireless Applications” Wireless Engineering and Technology, 2011, 2, 107-111
2. B. Manimegalai, S. Raju, “A Multifractal Cantor Antenna for Multiband Wireless Applications” IEEE Antennas And Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 2009
3. B.Sada siva Rao,T.Ragavendra Vishnu, “ Spiral Antenna Array Using RT-Duroid
Substrate for IRNSS ”, International Journal of soft computing and Engineering,
May 2012.
4. K.N.Suryanarayana Rao “ GAGAN-The Indian Satellite based augmentation
system”, ISRO Satellite Centre, May 2007.
5. G. Srivatsun, Subha Rani, “A Compact Multiband Fractal Cantor Antenna for Wireless Applications” European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.71 No.2 (2012), pp. 273-282
6. Shinya TADA ,Ridho Chayano,yuichi Kimura , “ A consideration On radiation
properties of multiband Sierpinski Gasket Microstrip Antenna ” , Proceedings of
ISAP’o4 sendai , Japan.
7. Kuem.C.Hwang, “ A modified Sierpinski Fractal Antenna for Multiband
Application” , IEEE Antennas And wireless propagation letters ,VOL.6,2007.
8. Jaume Anguera ,Enrique Martinez , “ Broad Band Dual-Frequency Microstrip
Patch Antenna with Modified Sierpinski Fractal Geometry” , IEEE Transactions
on Antennas and Propagation, vol .52,No.1 January 2004.
9. Jordi Romeo And Jordi Soler, “ Generalized Sierpinski Fractal Multiband
Antenna”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol .49,No.8 August
2001.
10. Carles puente-Baliarda, Jordi Romeu,” On the behavior of the Sierpinski
Multiband Fractal Antenna”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, vol .46,No.1 April 1998.
11. R.L.yadava, M.Ram ,” Multiband Triangular Frcatal Antenna for mobile
communications”, International Journal Of Engineering Science and
Technology
Publication Proof:- A paper titled “DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A SELF SIMILAR MULTI FRACTAL CANTOR ANTENNA FOR GAGAN & IRNSS APPLICATIONS” has been submitted to the journal “Wireless Personal Communications”.
THANK YOU
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