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Appendix A DesignModeler Quick Reference 1
Appendix A
DesignModeler Quick Reference
[3] Sweep:continuous selection
[2] Control-click:add to or remove
from selection
[1] Click: singleselection.
[4] Right-click: opencontext menu.
[8] Right-click-drag:box zoom.
[7] Scroll-wheel: zoomin/out.
[5] Middle-click-drag: rotation.
A-1 Basic Mouse Operations
Following mouse operations [1-8] can be applied on entities of the graphics area (A-2[5]) or the
(A-2[3]).
[1] Click: Single SelectionClick the left mouse button on a single entity. The entity becomes selected (highlighted).
[2] Control-Click: Add to or Remove from SelectionWhile holding down the control-key, left-click the mouse button on an entity. If the entity hasn't been selected, it adds
to the selection set. If the entity has already been selected, it is removed from the selection set.
[3] Sweep: Continuous SelectionWhile holding down the left mouse button, move the mouse cursor over entities. The entities becomes selected.
[4] Right-Click: Open Context MenuClick the right mouse button on the graphics area or an object in the model tree, you will see a pop-up menu. The
available commands in the menu depend on the context of the operation, therefore it is called a context menu. Some
of these commands can also be found in the pull-down menus or toolbars.
[5] Middle-Click-Drag: RotationThe graphics can be rotated by moving your mouse over the graphics area while holding down the middle mouse
button.
[6] Control-Middle-Click-Drag: PanThe graphics can be panned by dragging your mouse while holding down both control-key and the middle mouse
button.
[6] Control-Middle-click-
drag: pan.
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[7] Scroll-Wheel: Zoom In/OutThe graphics can be zoomed in/out by simply rolling forward/backward your mouse wheel. Shift-middle-click-dragging
(dragging your mouse while holding down both shift-key and the middle mouse button) has the same effect.
[8] Right-Click-Drag: Box Zoom
Click the right mouse button on the graphics area, move the mouse cursor to form a rectangular box, and the areaenclosed by the box will be enlarged to fill the entire graphics area.
[1] Pull-down menusand toolbars.
[3] , in
mode.
[6] .
[5] Graphics area.
[7] Status bar
[4] in
mode.
[2] Mode tabs.
[8] separatorsallow you toresize the
window panes.
When starting up , you will see several areas [1-7] in its GUI (graphic user interface). On the top
are pull-down menus and toolbars [1]; on the bottom is a status bar [7]. In-between are several "window panes" [2-6].
Separators [8] between window panes can be dragged to resize the window panes. You even can move or dock a
window pane by dragging its title bar. Whenever you mess up the workspace, pull-down-select to reset the default layout.
The [3], displaying a "model tree" (discussed in A-13), shares the same area with the [4]; you can switch between these two "modes" by clicking the "mode tab" [2]. The [6]
shows the detail information of the object that currently highlighted in the . The graphics area [5]
displays a model if you are in mode, or displays a sketch if you are in mode.
The status bar [7] contains instructions on completing each operations. Look at the instruction whenever you
wonder about what actions to do next. The coordinates of your mouse pointer are also shown in the status bar; they
are sometimes useful.
A-2 Sketching Environment
Part I 2D Sketching
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Appendix A DesignModeler Quick Reference 3
View control tools contained in the toolbars (A-2[1]) which are useful when you are working on either 2D sketching
or 3D modeling are summarized in [1-10]. These tools [1-10] are numbered according to roughly their frequency of
use. Note that more convenient mouse shortcuts for , , and are available (see A-1[6-8]).Additional view controls which are usually useful only for 3D modeling are given in Section A-14.
A-3 View Controls
[9] . Click this
tool to undo what you've just done. Multiple
undo's are allowed. Thistool is available only forthe mode.
[10] . Click thistool to redo what you've just undone. This tool is
available only for the mode.
[2] .Click this tool to fitthe entire graphicsin the graphic area.
[4] .Click to turn on/off thismode. When turningon, you can click-and-
drag a box on thegraphic area to enlarge
that portion ofgraphics.
[5] . Click to turn on/off this mode. When turning on,you can click-and-drag upward ordownward on the graphic area to
zoom in or out.
[1] . Clickthis tool to makecurrent sketching
plane rotate towardyou.
[6] . Click this
tool to go toprevious view.
[7] . Click thistool to go to next
view.
[8] These tools work foreither or
mode.
[3] . Click to turn on/offthis mode. When turning on,you can click-and-drag on the
graphic area to pan the graphics.
A sketch must be created on a sketching plane, or simply called plane; each plane may have multiple sketches on it. In
the beginning of a session, three planes are automatically created: , , and. Currently active plane is shown on the toolbar [1]. You can create new planes as needed [2]. There are
many ways of deriving a new plane [3], which are demonstrated in the exercises of this book.
A-4 Sketching Planes
[1] Currentlyactive plane isshown here.
[2] Click to create a
new plane.
[3] You can choose manyways of deriving a new
plane.
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A sketch consists of points and edges; edges may
be straight lines or curves. Dimensions and
constraints may be imposed on these geometricentities. As mentioned (A-4), multiple sketches
may be created on a plane. To create a new
sketch on a plane on which there is yet no
sketch, you simply switch to mode
and draw any geometric entities on it. Later, if
you want to add a new sketch on that plane,
you need to click [3]. Only one
plane and one sketch is active at a time [1, 2]:
newly created sketches are added to the active
plane, and newly created geometric entities are
added to the active sketch. When a new sketch
is created, it becomes the active sketch.
A-5 Sketches
[3] Click to create asketch on the active
sketching plane.
[1] Currentlyactive sketchingplane.
[2] Currentlyactive sketch.
[4] Active sketchingplane can be changed
using the pull-down list,or by selection from the
.
[5] Active sketch can bechanged using the pull-
down list, or by selectionfrom the .
[1] toolbox.
[2] toolbox. [3]
toolbox.[4]
toolbox.
[5] toolbox.
A-6 Sketching Toolboxes
When you switch to mode by clicking the mode tab (A-2[2]), you will see the
(A-2[4]). The consists of five toolboxes: , , , ,
and [1-5]. Most of the tools in the toolboxes are self-explained. The best way to learn these tools is to try
them out one by one. During the tryout, whenever you want to clean up the graphics area, pull-down-select . Some tools need further explanation, as described in the following subsections.
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Appendix A DesignModeler Quick Reference 5
A-7 Auto Constraints1, 2
By default, is in mode, both
globally and locally. While drawing, attempts to
detect the user's intentions and try to automatically imposeconstraints on the points or edges. The following cursor symbols
indicate the kind of constraints that will be applied:
C - The point is coincident with a line.
P - The point is coincident with another point.
H - The line is horizontal.
V - The line is vertical.
// - The line is parallel to another line.
T
- The point is a tangent point.
⊥ - The point is a perpendicular foot.
R
- The circle's radius is equal to another circle's.
Both and modes are based on all entities of the
active plane (not just the active sketch). The difference is that
mode only examines the entities nearby the cursor, while
mode examines all the entities in the active plane.
Note that while can be useful, they
sometimes can lead to problems and add noticeable time on
complicated sketches. Turn off them if desired [1].
A-8 Tools3
Line by 2 TangentsSelect two curves, a line tangent to these two curves will be created.
The curves can be circle, arc, ellipse, or spline.
OvalThe first two clicks define the two centers, and the third click defines
the radius.
Circle by 3 TangentsSelect three edges, then a circle tangent to these three edges will be
created. Remember that an edge can be a line or a curve.
Arc by TangentClick a point on an edge, an arc starting from that point and tangent
to that edge will be created; click a second point to define the other
end point of the arc.
SplineA spline is either rigid or flexible. The difference is that a flexible
spline can be edited or changed by imposing constraints, while a rigid
spline cannot. After defining the last point, you must right-click to
open the context menu, and select an option [2]: either open end or
closed end; either with fit points or without fit points.
[1] By default, is in
mode, both globally andlocally. You can turnthem off whenever
cause troubles.
[1] toolbox.
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Construction Point at IntersectionSelect two edges, a construction point will be created at the
intersection.
Delete Entities
There are no tools in the to delete entities. Todelete entities, select them and right-click-select . Multiple
selection methods (e.g., control-selection and sweep-selection, see
Section 2.1-6 and 2.2-12[2]), can be used to select entities.
Abort a ToolTo cancel a tool in any of toolbox, simply press .
A-9 Tools4
CornerClick two entities, which can be lines or curves, the entities will be
trimmed or extended up to the intersection point and form a sharp
corner. The clicking points decide which sides to be trimmed.
SplitThis tool split an edge into several segments depending on the options
[2]. : you click an edge, the edge will be split
at the clicking point. : you click a point, all the
edges passing through that point will be split at that point. : you select an edge, the edge will be split at all points on
the edge. : You specify the value n,
and select an edge, the edge will be split equally into n segments.
DragDrag a point or an edge to a new position. All the constraints and
dimensions are preserved.
CutIt is the same as , except the originals are deleted.
MoveIt is equivalent to a followed by a .
ReplicateIt is equivalent to a followed a .
DuplicateIt is equivalent to , except the entities are pasted on the
same place as the originals and become part of the current sketch. It
is often used to duplicate plane boundaries.
Spline EditIt is used to modify flexible splines. You can insert, delete, drag the fit
points, etc. For details, see the reference4.
[2] Right-click andselect one of the
options tocomplete the tool.
[1] toolbox.
[2] Contextmenu for
tool.
[3] Contextmenu for .
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Appendix A DesignModeler Quick Reference 7
A-10 Tools5
Semi-AutomaticThis tool will display a series of dimensions automatically to help you
fully dimension the sketch.
EditClick a dimension name or value, it allows you to change its name or
value.
A-11 Tools6
FixedIt applies on any entity to make it fully constrained.
HorizontalIt applies on a line to make it horizontal.
VerticalIt applies on a line to make it vertical.
Perpendicular
It applies on two edges to make them perpendicular to each other.
TangentIt applies on two edges, one of which must be a curve, to make them
tangent to each other.
CoincidentSelect two points to make them coincident. Select a point and an
edge, the edge or its extension will pass through the point. There are
other possibilities, depending on how you select the entities.
MidpointSelect a line and then a point, the midpoint of the line will coincide
with the point.
SymmetrySelect a line or an axis, as the line of symmetry, and either select 2
points or 2 lines. If select 2 points, the points will be symmetric about
the line of symmetry. If select 2 lines, the lines will form the same
angle with the line of symmetry.
ParallelIt applies on two lines to make them parallel to each other.
[1] toolbox.
[1] toolbox.
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ConcentricIt applies on two curves, which may be circle, arc, or ellipse, to make
their centers coincident.
Equal Radius
It applies on two curves, which may be circle or arc, to make theirradii equal.
Equal LengthIt applies on two lines to make their lengths equal.
Equal DistanceIt applies on two distances to make them equal. A distance can be
defined by selecting two points, two parallel lines, or one point and
one line.
A-12 Tools7
[2] You can turn onthe grid display.
[1] toolbox.
[3] You can turn on
the snap capability.
[4] If you turn onthe grid display, youcan specify the grid
spacing.
[5] If you turn onthe snap capability,you can specify the
snap spacing.
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Appendix A DesignModeler Quick Reference 9
A-13 Modeling Environment
In the first part, we overviewed 2D sketching tools and skip tools relating to 3D manipulations, such as 3D view
controls [1-3] and entities selection [4-6]. These tools will be covered in this second part. Also on the toolbar are a
series of tools to create 3D features [7]; these tools are also discussed in this part.
A-14 3D View Controls
Triad8
On the bottom right corner of the GUI is a triad (A-13[1]), a useful tool. Click any of the triad arrows, the view will
be oriented such that it is normal to that arrow [1]. If you move the mouse on the negative side of an arrow, you will
a black arrow shows up [2]; this black arrow represents the negative direction of that arrow. Clicking black arrows has
the similar effect as the colored arrows, which represent positive directions.
[1] Triad.
[2] Isometricview.
[3] Rotation.[5] Extendselection.
[6] Selectionpanes.
[4] Selectionfilters.
Part II 3D Modeling
Model TreeThe contains an outline of the model tree [8], the structure of the geometric model. Each leaf and
branch of the tree is called an object. A branch contains one or more objects under itself. A model tree consists of
planes, features, and a part branch. The parts are the only objects that are exported to . Right-clicking an
object and select a tool from the context menu, you can operate on the object, such as delete, rename, duplicate, etc.
The order of the objects is relevant: renders the geometry according to the order. New
objects are normally added one after another before the parts branch. If you want to insert a new object BEFORE an
existing object, right-click the existing object and select from the context menu. After insertion,
will re-render the geometry again.
[7] Tools to create3D Features6.
[8] Model Tree
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Accompanying the three triad arrows is a small cyan sphere.
When you rotate the model (Section 4.4-3), the triad arrows
and the small sphere will rotate accordingly. The sphere
represents a point located at an "isometric axis," collection of
points having the same coordinates in all three axes. Its initial
position is (1, 1, 1). Thus, if the sphere coincides with theorigin, that means your view is an isometric view [3]. When
the sphere does not coincide with the origin, clicking the
sphere will reorient the view to become isometric [4].
Isometric View9
As mentioned, the small cyan ball represents an isometric
direction and initially it is (1, 1, 1). In 3D space, there are
totally 8 such directions. For examples: (-1, 1, 1), (1, -1, 1), etc.
These are all isometric views. When you click tool (4.4-1[2]), the view will reorient to the isometric
view closest to the current view, and the small cyan ball will
move to new location accordingly. This tool let you override
the initial isometric direction.
Rotate with Mouse WheelHold the middle mouse button down while move around the
graphic area, you can rotate the model [5]. It is convenient
but sometimes not enough. (Also see A-1[5].)
Rotate with tool10
The tool (A-13[3]) gives you more controls forrotating the model. After activating the tool by
clicking it, the mouse cursor becomes one of the four shapes
[6-9], and the type of rotation depends on the location of your
mouse cursor [10].
By default, the model center is the center of rotation.
You can set the center of rotation (a red sphere) by clicking
over the model. The red sphere will stay in the middle of the
graphics window.
To restore the center of rotation to the model center,
click anywhere in the graphics window away from the model.
This will re-center the model in the middle of the graphics
window.
[10] The type of rotation depends on
the location of the cursor.
[1] Click anarrow willorient the
view normalto that arrow.
[2] A blackarrow represents
the negativedirection of a
colored arrow.
[4] Click thecyan sphere toreturn to the
isometric view.
[3] If the cyan spherecoincides with the origin,that means the view is an
isometric view
[5] Hold the middle mouse buttondown while move around the graphicarea, you can rotate the model. Also
see A-1[5].
[6] Freerotation.
[7] Roll,rotation aboutscreen Z-axis.
[8] Yaw,
rotation aboutscreenY-axis.[9] Pitch,
rotation aboutscreen X-axis.
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Appendix A DesignModeler Quick Reference 11
A-15 Mouse Cursor
Various mouse cursors are use to indicate the current operation [1]. An
overview of these cursors might be helpful.
Selection Filters11
By activating a selection filter (A-13[4]), you can make
one of four type of entities (points, edges, faces, and
bodies) selectable. By right-clicking the graphic area,
selection filters can also be accessed through the
context menu, where additional filters are available [1].
Multiple filters can be activated at the same time.
Extend Selection11
Using the current selection as seed, these tools allow
you to extend the seed to include various additional
edges or faces into the selection set [2-5].
Selection Panes12
When you select an entity by clicking your mouse on the model, and if more than one entity lies under the mouse
cursor, the graphics window displays a stack of rectangles in the lower-left corner (A-13[6]). The rectangles arestacked in appearance, with the topmost rectangle representing the visible (selected) entity and subsequent rectangles
representing entities underneath the mouse cursor, front to back. These rectangles are aliases of selectable entities,
that is, highlighting and picking these rectangles are identical and synchronized for the selectable entities.
[1] A list of mouse
cursors.
[1] More selectionfilters can be
accessed through
the context menu.
[3] This is equivalentto executing infinitetimes.
[5] Extend the currentselected faces up to
boundaries defined byselected edges.
[4] Extend the currentselection to include allof adjacent blend faces.
A-16 Selection
[2] Extend the currentselection to include
adjacent tangent edgesor faces.
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A-17 Parts and Bodies13
The last branch of the model tree contains the bodies and parts of the
model [1]. This is the only geometric entities that will be attached to
for simulations. A body is entirely made of one kind of material and is the basic
building blocks of a model. A 3D body are either a solid body, a surface
body, or a line body.
A part is a collection of same type of bodies. All bodies in a part are
assumed to be bonded one another. In parts are meshed
independently—this is the most important concept about the part. Within
a part, the boundary nodes are shared between contacting bodies.
A model may consist of one or more parts. Since parts are meshed
independently, mesh at the boundaries between parts is not necessarily
compatible. In , connections14 (e.g., contacts, joints) among
parts must be established to complete a model.
A-18 Feature-Based 3D Bodies Modeling
A 3D body is created by combining various features. Features can be classified into two categories: base features and
placed features.
Base Features
Base features are also called sketched features because they are created by first drawing one or more sketches, andthen "growing" to 3D features by means of extrusion, revolution, sweeping, or lofting. A newly create base feature can
add to or subtract material from the existing bodies.
Placed FeaturesSome features have predefined shapes and behaviors. To add these features to existing bodies, all we have to do is to
specify where we want to place these features, along with a few other settings. Therefore, these features are called
placed features, for examples: blends, chamfers.
A-19 Base Features15
ExtrudeThe tool is used to extrude a sketch along its normal direction to
create a 3D body. The extrusion may be symmetric or asymmetric to
the sketching plane. The extrusion depth may be a fixed value, through
all bodies (used only for cutting the material), up to a face, or up to a
surface. A face is a bounded region and has a finite area while a surface
is an unbounded region and has infinite area. A surface is often the
extension of a face.
RevolveThe tool is used to revolve a sketch about an axis to create a 3D body.
An angle of revolution can be specified.
[1] Bodiesand parts.
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