Announcements Closed toe shoes or booties for this lab!! LLELA field data Return Labs and dust bowl...

AnnouncementsClosed toe shoes or booties for this lab!!LLELA field data Return Labs and dust bowl papersMini Paper on Dead Zone Due next week Oct 21

Question #3 on Page #71 Next Week Movie and LLELA reviewNext Quiz October 28th

Land Use & Resource Management, Soil, Water Quality, WWTP Trip, Estrogen Effect movie (Assault on the Male)

Water Quality and Pollution

Land 25%

Water 75%

Ocean97.3%

Fresh Water2.5%

Water Distribution

Lakes52%Soil Moisture

38%

Water vapor-Atmosphere8%

Rivers1%

Living Organisms1%

Glaciers and Ice caps79%

Aquifers20%

Surface

1%

Water distribution cont’d..

Fig: Hydrologic Cycle

Uneven distribution of water across EarthPopulation densityRenewabilitySustainabilityWater scarcityWater quantity and qualityCommunicable diseasesEutrophication

Water Issues and Challenges

Types of water pollution

Point Sources:•Pollution come from single location, eg: municipal WWTP discharge, pipe, ditch, factory•Easy to identify.

Non-point Sources:•Pollution come from multiple sites over large areas, eg: pesticides, fertilizer runoff from farms, oil from city streets, forest runoff etc.•Difficult to identify.

Eutrophication:

Water Quality AnalysisSafe Drinking Water Act, 1974EPA sets standards for 90 contaminants

Water Quality StandardsPrimary standards: legally enforceable and aim to

protect public health by limiting the level of the contaminant in drinking water.

Secondary standards: are NOT legally enforceable.

Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in

drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level Goal(MCLG):

The level of contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected health risk

Important!!!

Physico-chemical Parameters

Turbidity: cloudiness (NTU=Nepholometric Turbidity Unit)Nitrates: fertilizer, runoff, death to infant, 10mg/LIron: toxic to humans, 0.3mg/LPhosphorous: not currently regulated by EPA, fertilizer, sewageCopper: gastrointestinal problem, 1.3mg/LAmmonia: not currently regulated by EPA; toxic to aquatic organisms, 0.02mg/LSilica: not currently regulated by EPA, rocks, diatom cellsSulfide: not currently regulated by EPA, coal, oil, acidChlorine: disinfectant, irritations, stomach discomfort,4 mg/LCynide: steel, metal, plastic, fertilizer factories, nerve and

thyroid, 0.2mg/LChromium: steel, pulp mills, allergic dermatitis, 0.1mg/LpH: natural water 6-8

Table 1: Summary of Basic Water Quality Parameters (+/-)

Treatment Temperature (0C)

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)

Heated Pond water

Room Temperature Pond Water

Cold Pond Water

Heated Pond Water with Fertilizer

Room Temperature Pond Water with Fertilizer

Cold Pond Water with Fertilizer

Table 2: Summary Results for Dissolved Oxygen Levels (mg/L)

SAFETY

HypothesisH1: The aquarium with cold water and no

fertilizer will have a different level of dissolved oxygen compared to the other treatments.

H0:  The aquarium with cold water and no fertilizer will NOT have a different level of dissolved oxygen compared to the other treatments.