Ancient Greece 500-323 B.C.E. Objectives Analyze the significance of festivals & sports in ancient...
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- Ancient Greece 500-323 B.C.E.
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- Objectives Analyze the significance of festivals & sports
in ancient Greece Identify Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle
Summarize Alexanders conquests and their impact on future
cultures
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- Greek geography Mountainous Communities independently What does
this mean for the people? Diverse Fought
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- Technology results from necessity Cities located on many seas -
developed navy for? Trading Security
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- Technology results from scarcity Need fresh water. How do you
get it? Aqueduct Terracing
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- TERMS TO LEARN POLIS: city-state Importance Center of Greek
life The good of the polis was the center of G life ACROPOLIS: high
fortified area of Athens & site of the Parthenon (temple to the
gods) AGORA: marketplace, center of the city's civic life.
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- Mo Terms YO! ARISTOCRATS: Member of ruling class or nobility
OLIGARCHY: A govt.: all power is given to a few persons; govt. by
the few. CONSTITUTION: basic principles which a nation or state is
governed. MERCENARIES: a professional soldier hired to serve in a
foreign army. Totalitarian: centralized govt.: doesnt tolerate
parties of differing opinion & has dictator control over
aspects of life.
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- Greek Inventions Dice. The crane. Original Olympiads BBC -
Schools - Ancient Greece Olympics
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- Greek Architecture Invented arches & columns. Took advanced
mathematics.
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- Greek Military Catapult Throw 300 pound stones Hoplite:
Infantry soldier. Middle-class freemen: paid for own weapon &
shield. Phalanx: Soldiers in a tight box. They each have a large
shield and a 9 foot long spear.
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- Religion = polytheistic. What is the location of this picture?
Name some Greek gods.
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- Citizenship Born outside Greece = ????? Citizens could: Vote
Fight in Army Hold office Speak for themselves in court
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- ATHENS Solon (statesman & lawmaker) set up 1 st Athenian
Constitution Citizenship was offered to everyone CCitizen at 18yrs.
5508bc 1 st democratic govt. setup
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- Athenian Democracy Direct democracy: where the people do not
elect representatives to vote on their behalf, but vote on
legislation and executive bills in their own right. Cleisthenes: a
noble Athenian. Credited with reforming the constitution of ancient
Athens and setting it on a democratic footing. For these
accomplishments, historians refer to him as "the father of Athenian
democracy."
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- Political: Athens was the first democracy. Democracy:
government where people vote. Athens: direct democracy where people
vote on everything. The U.S.: representative democracy we vote for
people to make decisions for us.
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- Direct participation was the key to Athenian democracy. In the
Assembly, every male citizen was: -Able to attend -Debate -Offer
amendments -Vote for war or peace All male citizens were allowed to
participate in govt decisions.
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- Athenians Tough, but engage in activities like: art philosophy
music
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- Political terms All of Greece not a democracy. Most of Greece
was a monarchy: king / queen. King Minos of Crete
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- Sparta Sparta isolated from Athens Why? How? culturally &
politically Sparta oligarchy: Ruled by a few They had 2 kings
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- Sparta - greatest military power in Greece Obsessed with war.
Only goal: Military Strength Boys military school at young age. In
army from 7-60 yrs. Boys: born deformed left to die on mountainside
Sparta Helots (slaves) farmed At the height of its power (400 BC)
the Greek city of Sparta had 500,000 slaves and only 25,000
citizens.
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- SPA Scholars- to know is power Pericles prominent &
influential statesman & orator in Athens. Promoted the arts
& lit. Socrates was a Greek philosopher. Socrates -
Encyclopedia channel Socrates - Encyclopedia channel - Taught by
asking questions
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- Plato & Aristotle Plato Founder of the Academy the 1 st
institution of higher learning. Helped lay the foundations of
natural philosophy & science. Plato - Encyclopedia channel
Aristotle student of Plato & teacher of Alexander the Great.
Wrote on many subjects, including: Physics, biology & zoology
Poetry, theater, music Logic & rhetoric Politics &
govt.
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- People of Greece Homer legendary epic poet author: The Iliad:
recounted the final year of the Trojan War. Tells of the battle of
Achilles vs. King Agamemnon. The Odyssey: centers on hero Odysseus
& his long journey home following the fall of Troy.
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- The Trojan War A quarrel b/w goddesses Athena, Hera &
Aphrodite, after Eris, gave them a golden apple. Zeus sent
goddesses to Paris - judged Aphrodite as "fairest = received apple.
In exchange, Aphrodite made Helen "the face that launched a
thousand ships, the most beautiful of all women and wife of
Menelaus, fall in love w/Paris, who took her to Troy. Against the
city of Troy b/c Paris of Troy stole Helen from her husband
Menelaus, the king of Sparta. Many heroes died and the city fell to
the ruse of the Trojan Horse. The war is 1 of the most important
events in Greek mythology.
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- Persian War!!! Battle of Thermopylae 300 Spartans & 7000
other Greeks (who retreated) leaving only 300 Spartans-led by King
Leonidas of Sparta, resisted a much larger Persian forces, but were
ultimately defeated. Persians broke Spartan phalanx after a Greek
called Ephialtes betrayed his country; told the Persians of another
pass around the mountains. After Thermopylae, Athens was captured
and the Athenians and Spartans were driven back to their last line
of defense 490bc the word Nike (goddess of victory) 1st used upon
defeat of the Persians
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- Delian League Athenian alliance After Persian Wars: military
organization directed to defend the Greeks against enemies, but
used by Pericles to make an Athenian empire. The Spartans launched
the Peloponnesian War to force the Athenians to give up the Delian
League.
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- DECLINE OF THE CITY-STATES Post Peloponnesian War, Greeks lost
sense of community. Only wanted to make $$$$ Sparta ruled all of
Greece now City-States were weakened Greece finally conquered by
Phillip II of Macedonia. Phillip unifies all of Greece for the 1 st
time.
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- To be a great leader is to know when to follow Philip II of
Macedon Wanted to Unite all of Greece Father of Alexander the
Great. Alexander the Great, was an Ancient Greek king of
Macedon.
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- Alexander the Great From Macedonia. Territory north of Greece
Which means he is not actually what? Favorite book: Homer s Iliad
Why would Alex like the Iliad? Brilliant military strategist.
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- Alexander conquered: - Persian/Egyptian/Sumerian/Indian empire.
Controlled largest empire the world has ever seen. Alexander spread
culture: Hellenism (fancy word for Greek)
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