Analysis of Gas Turbine Performance with Inlet Air Cooling … ·  · 2012-10-06Analysis of Gas...

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURE

AbbreviationsISO International Organization for StandardizationTIT Turbine Inlet TemperatureTIC Turbine Inlet Cooling

Symbols UnitsCp [kJ/kg°C]

COP [-]

LHV [kJ/kg]h [kJ/kg]HR Heat ratemP [Pa]

P [Pa]Q [kW]r [-]T Temperature [°C]Tb [°C]Tw Wet-bulb temperature [°C]W Power output [MW]SFC

doi: 10.5028/jatm.2012.04032012

Analysis of Gas Turbine Performance with Inlet Air Cooling Techniques Applied to Brazilian SitesAna Paula Santos1, Cláudia R. Andrade2,*1

2

Abstract: F r r ph r wh r p w r m h h r pr r r hw rm m h rb r h p r r p r -

r h p w r p b h rb r h h r m w r hmpr r mp r r r rb h p r p r - m - wmb m h h p m r r pr p r h mp r r h r hr r h h r r m w r h m r r C h rb

p w r p h r m h r b r r mpr r r mp r r Th r rw b m rr b r Th r m - m h p r

p r r m h p r w r r h rb r mp r rTh m mp w w h r m h mpr b rp h m hh m m w hr h h h r h r m h r m h r h

pr h rm m rb p r rm rr h r p w rp h rm r r mp r r r h m Th r b

w h h m r mp r w h h h w h h r m -C Th hhr h r mp mp m r r mp r r

r h m h rb w r r m h r w rmp r b w h r m m h b rp h w h h b rp h r pr h

h h r m r r w h w r r O h h r h p r rr h w r b w h m p

Keywords: rb T rb T C p r Ch r b rp

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012 341

[-][-][-][-][kgwater/kgair]

Subscripts0

aaCMCCL Cooling load

gin InputN Net

TurbineT Totalh

w water

INTRODUCTION

-

-

-

Jaber a

-

-

and

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012342

GAS TURBINE CYCLE

-

Net.

W

0

06

050403

TurbineCompressor

Air ambient

Combus onChamber

P P0 03=

P04

P r P04 03$=

-

T04

PP

TT

T1c

0403

03

04

1

03h= - +

cc-c m= G

W m C T T,C a pa avg 04 03$= -o o ^ hma Cpa a g

-P05

P P PCombustor05 04 D= -

Q m C T T,in a pg avg 05 04$ $= -o o ^ hCpg a g

LHV

/m

Q LHVf

Combustor

in

h=o

o

C mb r

/T T T

P P1

1t06 05 04

05 06

1

$h= - -cc-c m= G

P

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012 343

W m C T T,t T pg avg 05 06$= -o o ^ hm T

m m mT a f= +o o o

and Cpg a g

W W WN T C= -o o o

SFCW

m3600

N

f$= o

o

HR SFC LHV$=

SFC LHV3600

th $h =

INLET AIR COOLING SYSTEMS

-

Net.

W

01

02

006

050403

Comp or

Coo ingy m

Evaporative cooling

Coo

ling

med

ia

Air cooledAmbient Air

T Tb Tb Tw03 02 02 02f= - -^ h

m mw a 02 03$ ~ ~= -o o ^ h

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012344

m a 02 03

-

Q m C T T,CL a pa avg 02 03$ $= -o o ^ hm a Cpa a g

Absorption and mechanical chiller systems

-tion cooling.

Ambient air

Chilled water

Air cooled togas turbine inlet

a

Q m h h h ,CL a w02 03 03 02 03$ $ ~ ~= - - -o o ^ ^h h6 @h02 and h03

m mw a 02 03$ ~ ~= -o o ^ h-

a

-

a-

-

WCOPQ

MC

CL=o

o

-

W W W WN t C MC= - -o o o o

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012 345

-

a a

100% RH

60% RH

40% RH

20% RH

10% RH

Inlet ChillingProcess

EnthalpyBtu Per Pound

of Dry Air

EvaporativeCooling Process

SpecificHumidity

Dry Bulb Temperature

40

35

30

25

20

15

4 16 27 38 49.000

.005

.010

.015

.020

°C

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

-

-taining

11 [-]Turbine inlet temperature

turbine

100 [mmH2O]200 [mmH2O]

-

-

72

76

80

84

88

92

96

100

104

108

112

116

[%]

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Intake temperature [°C]

ISO Conditions:T = 15 °C

= 60 %

TIT = 1385 KHeat ratePower output

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012346

-

-

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Intake temperature [°C]

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

T[°C

]

TIT = 1385 K= 60%

= 0.95= 0.90= 0.85

temperature drop.

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Intake temperature [°C]

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

Pow

erou

tput

[MW

]

TIT = 1385 K= 0.90

= 18%= 60%

Base-case

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Intake temperature [°C]

25.5

26.0

26.5

27.0

27.5

28.0

28.5

29.0

29.5

30.0

30.5

31.0Th

e rm

alef

ficie

ncy

[%]

TIT = 1385 K= 0.90

= 18%= 60%

Base-Case

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48-4

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

T[°C

]

Intake temperature[°C]

TIT = 1385 KAbsorption chiller: = 18% and 60%Evaporative cooling: = 0.90 and = 18%Evaporative cooling: = 0.90 and = 60%

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012 347

-

a

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Intake temperature[°C]

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

Pow

er o

utpu

t[M

W]

TIT = 1385 KAbsorption chiller: = 18%Absorption chiller: = 60%Base-case

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Intake temperature[°C]

25.5

26.0

26.5

27.0

27.5

28.0

28.5

29.0

29.5

30.0

30.5

Ther

mal

effic

ienc

y[%

]

TIT = 1385 KAbsorption chiller: = 18%Absorption chiller: = 60%Base-case

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Intake temperature [°C]

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

Pow

erou

tput

[MW

]

TIT = 1385 K= 60 %

COP = 7.0COP = 4.5COP = 2.0

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Intake temperature [°C]

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

Pow

erou

tput

[MW

]

TIT = 1385 K= 60 %

COP = 7.0COP = 4.5COP = 2.0

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012348

-

obtained at

-

-

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Intake temperature [°C]

34.5

35.0

35.5

36.0

36.5

37.0

37.5

38.0

38.5

39.0

Pow

erou

tput

[MW

]

TIT = 1385 KCOP = 4.5

= 18%= 60%

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Intake temperature [°C]

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

Mas

sflo

ww

ate r

[kg/

s]

ma = 141.16 kg/sTET = 1385 °C

= 18%Evaporative cooling: = 0.90Absorption chillerMechanical chiller: COP = 4.5

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Intake temperature [°C]

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

Cool

ing

load

[MW

]

TIT = 1385 K= 18 %

Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5Absorption chillerEvaporative cooling: = 0.90

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012 349

-

-

Table 2.

Site25.0

Latitude [°]Longitude [°] - 41.34

101.25

-

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Intake temperature [°C]

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

Pow

erou

tput

[MW

]

TIT = 1385 K= 18%

Evaporative cooling:Absorption chillerCompression chiller: COP = 4.5Base case

= 0.90

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Intake temperature [°C]

25.5

26.0

26.5

27.0

27.5

28.0

28.5

29.0

29.5

30.0

30.5

31.0

The r

mal

e ffic

ienc

y[%

]

TIT = 1385 K= 18 %

Evaporative cooling:Absorption chillerCompression chiller: COP = 4.5Base-case

= 0.90

27.0

27.5

28.0

28.5

29.0

29.5

30.0

30.5

31.0

31.5

32.0

32.5

33.0

33.5

34.0

Months

DECOCTSEPAUGJULJUNMAYAPR NOVMARFEBJAN

Am

bien

t tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

DECNOVOCTSEPAUGJULJUNMAYAPRMARFEBJAN

Rel

ativ

e hu

mid

ity [%

]

Months

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012350

Op ra r Na i na Si ma ri

-

-

a a

29.0

29.5

30.0

30.5

31.0

31.5

32.0

32.5

33.0

33.5

34.0

34.5

35.0

Months

DECOCTSEPAUGJULJUNMAYAPR NOVMARFEBJAN

Am

bien

t tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

DECNOVOCTSEPAUGJULJUNMAYAPRMARFEBJAN

Months

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

Rel

ativ

e hu

mid

ity [%

]

Evaporative cooling: = 0.90 Absorption chiller Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5

DECOUTSEPAUGJUL NOV

Months

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

2,400

2,800

3,200

3,600

4,000

4,400

Incr

emen

tal e

lect

ric e

nerg

y ge

nera

tion

[MW

h]

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

2,400

2,800

3,200

3,600

4,000

4,400

4,800

5,200

Mounths

DECOUTSEPAUGJUL NOV

Evaporative cooling: = 0.90 Absorption chiller Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5

Incr

emen

tal e

lect

ric e

nerg

y ge

nera

tion

[MW

h]

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012 351

-

-

CONCLUSIONS

T0

-

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Table 3. I

43.28

32.0243.2453.00

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012352

REFERENCES

-

-

-

a-

a -

a

-

a-

a

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a

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-

a

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012 353