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Zimmerman Associates, Inc (ZAI). BioSAR 30 . An airborne radar for the mapping of forest biomass and embedded carbon. Presentation for the Third USDA Symposium Greenhouse Gases & Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry March 23, 2005. Dr. Marc Imhoff, NASA GSFC - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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BioSAR 30
An airborne radar for the An airborne radar for the mapping of forest biomass and embedded carbonmapping of forest biomass and embedded carbon
Presentation for theThird USDA Symposium
Greenhouse Gases & Carbon Sequestration inAgriculture and Forestry
March 23, 2005
Zimmerman Associates, Inc (ZAI)
BioSAR 30
BioSAR 30
Acknowledgements
• Dr. Marc Imhoff, NASA GSFC• Dr. Roger Dahlman, DOE BER• Mr. John Litynski, DOE FE
BioSAR 30
Overview
• Radar (RF) Remote Sensing of Biomass• NASA Experiments• DOE Refinements – BioSAR 30TM
• February 2005 Mission• Features, Advantages, Benefits• Spin-Off Company – Terresense
BioSAR 30
Radar Remote Sensing of Biomass
• Radar energy is reflected by leaves• Radar receivers are saturated by
these reflections• Beyond saturation, measurement not possible• Radar Biomass load limits at saturation
– X-Band (10 GHz – 1”) ~ 10 tons/ha– P-Band (500 MHz - 2’) ~ 100 tons/ha
BioSAR 30
Location of World Biomass
• 90 % of world biomass resides in stands of over 100 tons/ha
• For Radar remote sensing of 90% of world biomass need VHF frequency ~ 100 MHz, 10’
BioSAR 30
Basic BioSAR 30 Technology
• Airborne Small Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)• Operates at 80-120 MHz, ~ 10’• Low power < 1 watts• Data collected at 166 KHz• Data tagged with dGPS time and location• Radar footprint is a 600 mt circle (80 acres)• Processed cell size 30 x 300 meters (1 acre)
BioSAR 30
NASA C-130 In Flight
BioSAR 30TM antenna
BioSAR 30
Site # Latitude Longitude Biomass Biomass
(tons/ha)(tons/ha)
1 9.160127 79.859973 207.4207.42 8.987363 79.617125 212.2212.23 8.996870 79.642082 212.3212.34 9.121305 79.672340 218.8218.85 9.140858 79.692410 235.1235.16 9.152628 79.713770 235.9235.97 9.143868 79.857983 243.9243.98 9.157593 79.750405 252.2252.29 9.280008 79.974252 258.8258.810 9.322290 79.960888 259.3259.311 8.986632 79.637610 288.9288.9
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Test Sites Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Test Sites Biomass 200 to 300 tons/haBiomass 200 to 300 tons/ha (above-ground, dry, biomass)(above-ground, dry, biomass)..
BioSAR 30
BioSAR Estimated Biomass vs.Ground Truth
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
Ground Truth Biomass, tons/hectare
Est
imat
ed B
iom
ass,
tons
/hec
tare
±10% of Total
(total above-ground dry biomass)
BioSAR 30
BioSAR-Generated Biomass Mapof the Panama Canal Zone, Panama
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420
9.11° N Lat.-80.00 ° E Long.
9.20° N Lat.-79.60° E Long.
Canal
Above-ground dry biomass (Metric Tons/Hectare)
BioSAR 30
DOE Refinements - BioSAR 30TM
• DOE Grants– Improved processing algorithms– Improved data storage and archiving – Addition of Laser Radar– Addition of external calibration device
BioSAR 30
BioSAR 30TM Installed in Twin Otter Aircraft
BioSAR 30
BioSAR 30TM Operators Station
BioSAR 30
BioSAR 30TM Antenna
BioSAR 30
DOE Mission to North Carolina
• February 17,18 2005• 30 Sites selected – Each Site ~ 100 acres
– Collaboration with Weyerhaeuser Corp.– GPS waypoints for each site computed– North-South, East-West Leg for each site– All sites flown in one day, repeated next day
BioSAR 30
Aerial Photograph of Site 19
BioSAR 30
BioSAR 30TM Flight Lines - Site 19
BioSAR 30
Data Points and Biomass for Site 19
BioSAR 30
Video View of Site 19
BioSAR 30
Observations vs. Ground Truth
Feb 17 Feb 18 N-S E-W N-S E-W
2003 Ground Truth ~ 160 tons/ha
Site 19
BioSAR 30
30 Square Mile Survey - 1 Day
5.5 Miles
5.5
Mile
s
250 Meters – 36 transects
BioSAR 30
Features, Advantages, Benefits
Feature Advantage Benefit
1. Time Required2. Coverage3. Cost4. Platform5. Accuracy
Remote vs. manual100% vs. 1% survey~ $2 vs. $10 per acreAircraft vs. vehicleMeasurement vs. approximation
Hours vs. weeksReproducibilityReduced costsAccessibilityBetter Results
BioSAR 30
• New Company – Spin-Off from ZAI – Offering commercial BioSAR 30 services
• $2.00/acre (Minimum $50K) + ferry charges• 30 sq. miles/day (~ 19K acres, 7.8K ha)
– Product will be GIS/GPS Overlays: Biomass/Carbon– Brochures and details available – Taking orders now
• www.terresense.com
BioSAR 30
Points of Contact
• ZAI: www.zai-inc.com– Patrick W. Johnson
• 301-371-3584• pjohnson@zai-inc.com
• Terresense: www.terresense.com– Marie Sparrow
• 703-883-0506• msparrow@terresense.com
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