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J. and
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1984, 1996 by
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2nd
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1996
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INDEX
Index Terms Links
A
AC power flow 97
sensitivity coefficients 532
Accelerating, torque 328
AGC:
ACE filtering 355
automatic generation control 352
area requirement 349
assist action 355
features 354
Adjusting lambda, Lagrange Relaxation 155
Algorithm, orthogonal decomposition 482
Allocation:
generation 350
problem 76
Analysis, contingency 411 415
Angular, momentum 329
Area, control 348
Area requirement, (ACE) 349
Assist action, AGC 355
Automatic generation, control
implementation 352
Index Terms Links
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navigatio n.
Availability, generation 318
B
B matrix 116
Bad measurement:
detection 487
identification 487
Banking, energy 379
Base point 55
Bias factor, frequency 349
Block loaded, unit 272
Bottleneck, transmission 401
Bounding 433
Broker, energy 382
BTU 8
Bus:
generation 98
incremental cost 396 553
load 98
reference 98
C
Capacity, interchange 378
Capacity ordering, unit commitment 147
Chi squared, distribution 488
Cogeneration, unit 17
Combined cycle, unit 16
Index Terms Links
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navigatio n.
Combustion turbine, unit 14
Common header, unit 14
Composite, cost function 176
Concentric relaxation 432
Constraints 58
hydraulic 219
unit commitment 133
Contingency:
analysis 411 415
screening 430
selection 430
Contract, take-or-pay 172
Control:
area 348
generation 328 352
ramp 356
Control action, supplementary 346
Control detection, unit 356
Control implementation, automatic
generation 352
Control loop, generation 352
Control modes, unit 356
Coordination equation 35 114
cost:
fuel 8
operating 8
wheeling 397
Index Terms Links
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navigatio n.
Cost based, pricing 366
Cost function:
composite 176
piecewize linear 49 250
Coupled plants, hydro 229
Customer, retail 403
Cycle efficiency, pumped storage 231
D
Damping factor, load 332
dc, power flow 108
Decoupled, power flow 105
Density function:
discrete 274
probability 459
Detection, bad measurement 487
Discharge, hydro 231
Discrete, density function 274
Dispatch:
economic 29
optimal 412
secure 412
Distribution, chi squared 488
Distribution factor, line outage 422 439
Diversity, interchange 379
Index Terms Links
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navigatio n.
Dual:
optimization 69 160
variables 69
Duality gap 166
Duration curves, load 270
Dynamic programming 72
economic dispatch 51
hydro scheduling 240
multiple hydro plants 248
unit commitment 141
E
Economic dispatch 29
base point 55
dynamic programming 51
gradient 43
Newton’s Method 47
participation factor 55
piecewize linear cost 49
simulating 284
versus unit commitment 57
Economic importance 2
Economy:
interchange 367
interchange evaluation 372
Electrical, torque 329
Emergency, interchange 379
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navigatio n.
Energy: banking 379
broker 382
scheduling 214
Energy control center 500
Error, measurement 460
Estimation, least squares 501
Evaluation, interchange transaction 375
Expected cost method 296
F
Failure logic, telemetry 356
Filtering ACE. 355
Forced outage rate 27
Frequency, bias factor 349
Fuel cost 8
Fuel inventory 189
Fuel scheduling 171
gradient search 181
linear programming 187
relaxation 183
G
Gauss Seidel, power flow 95
Generation: allocation 350
availability 26 318
bus 98
control 328
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Generation: allocation (Cont.)
control loop 352
non-utility 401
probability method 316
shift factor 422
telemetry 353
Generation control, automatic 328
Generator, bus 98
Governor: model 336
speed droop 337
Gradient: economic dispatch 43
method OPF 517
pumped storage schedule 234
search 43
short term hydro 223
Gradient search, OPF 518
fuel scheduling 181
H
Hard limits 185
Heat rates (typical). unit 24
heat rate function 8
Higher heating value 12
Hydraulic, constraints 219
Hydro, coupled plants 229
discharge 231
inflow 219
Index Terms Links
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navigatio n.
Hydro, coupled plants (Cont.)
input output 220
pumped storage 230
scheduling 209
spill 231
storage 223
unit 20 211
units in series 228
variable head unit 22
Hydro characteristic, unit 251
Hydro scheduling:
dynamic programming 240
hear programming 250
long range 210
short range 211 218
Hydrothermal, scheduling 209
Hypothesis testing 488
I
Identification, bad measurement 487
Inadvertant, interchange 380
Incremental: loss 35 114
water rate 213
cost 10
bus cost 396 553
heat rate 10
water rate 21
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Inflow, hydro 219
Input output:
characteristic 8
hydro 220
Interchange 363
capacity 378
diversity 379
economy 367
emergency 379
evaluation 372 375
inadvertant 380
net 265
Interconnected area, model 342
Interior point algorithm 551
OPF 517
Interutility, transfers 365
Iteration:
lambda 39
lambda gamma 221 231
K
Kilowatt hour 10
Kuhn-Tucker Conditions 62
Index Terms Links
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L
Lagrange:
equation 60
function 30
multiplier 30 60
Lagrange relaxation:
adjusting lambda 155
unit commitment 152 153
Lambda:
iteration 39
projection 41
Lambda gamma, iteration 221 231
Least squares:
estimation 501
weighted 458
Limitations, transfer 391
Limited energy 171
Limiting, rate 356
Line outage, distribution factor 422 439
Linear, sensitivity analysis 421
Linear programming 195
fuel scheduling 187
hydro scheduling 250
LPOPF. 517 534
Linearized cost function, OPF. 536
Index Terms Links
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Load: bus 98
damping factor 332
duration curves 270
model 332
probability density 270
probability function 270
reference set point 339
Long range, hydro schedufing 210
Loss, incremental 35 114
Losses:
network 35
transmission 111
Lower heating value 12
LPOPF. linear programming 517 534
M
Machine, phase angle 330
Market, wholesale 402
Matrix, orthogonal 483
Maximum likelihood, state estimator 458
Mean 459
Measurement:
error 460
pseudo 493
residual 464
zero injection 481
normalized residual 493
Index Terms Links
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Mechanical, torque 329
Model:
governor 336
interconnected area 342
load 332
prime mover 335
tie line 341
Moment of inertia 329
Momentum, angular 329
Monitoring, system 411
Multiple hydro plants, dynamic
programming 248
Multiplier, Lagrange 30 60
N
Net interchange 265
Net heat rate 11
Network:
losses 35
observability 493
sensitivity factors 439
Newton’s method:
economic dispatch 47
OPF 529
power flow 99
state estimation 473
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Non-utility, generation 401
Normal distribution 460
Normalized, measurement residual 493
Nuclear, unit 19
O
Observability, network 493
1P1Q method 431
Open, transmission access 364
Operating, cost 8
OPF:
gradient method 517 518
interior point method 517
linearized cost function 536
Newton method 529
optimal power flow 514
penalty function 530
Optimal:
dispatch 412
policy 74
Optimal power flow:
OPF 514
security constrained 411
Optimization 58
dual 69
Orthogonal, matrix 483
Index Terms Links
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Orthogonal decomposition:
algorithm 482
state estimation 479
P
Participation factor 55 351
Penalty factor 114
exact 120
reference bus 122
Penalty function, OPF. 530
Phase angle, machine 330
Piecewize linear:
cost function 49 250
spill function 252
Policy, optimal 74
Pool, savings 385
Post contingency, state 412
Power, pools 380
Power flow 93
AC. 97
DC. 108
decoupled 105
Gauss Seidel 95
Newton-Raphson 99
Pricing, cost based 366
Prime mover, model 335
Priority list method, unit commitment 138
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Privatization 366
Probabilistic, production cost 282
Probability:
density function 459
density load 270
Probability method, generation 316
Production cost:
model 264
probabilistic 282
program 266
Projection, lambda 41
Pseudo:
measurement 493
price 174
Pumped storage:
cycle efficiency 231
hydro 230
schedule, gradient method 234
unit 22
R
Ramp, control 356
Rate, limiting 356
Reference bus 98
penalty factor 122
Relaxation, fuel scheduling 183
Residual, measurement 464
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Retail, customer 403
S
Savings, pool 385
SCADA system 411
Scheduling:
energy 214
fuel 171
hydro 209
hydrothermal 209
Screening, contingency 430
Search, gradient 43
Secure, dispatch 412
Security analysis 421
Security constrained, optimal power flow 411 547
Selection, contingency 430
Sensitivity analysis, linear 421 531
Sensitivity coefficients, AC power flow 532
Sensitivity factors, network 439
Shift factor, generation 422 439
Short range, hydro scheduling 211 218
Simulating, economic dispatch 284
Slack variable 68 185
Speed changer 339
Speed droop, governor 337
Index Terms Links
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Spill:
hydro 231
piecewize linear function 252
Spinning reserve 134
State, Post contingency 412
State estimation 453
maximum likelihood 458
Newtons method 473
orthogonal decomposition 479
Steam:
admission valves 13
unit 8
Storage, hydro 223
Supplementary, control action 346
System:
monitoring 411
SCADA 411
System blackout 410
System security 410
T
Take-or-pay, contract 172
Telemetry:
failure logic 356
generation 353
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Tie line:
control 346
model 341
Torque:
accelerating 328
electrical 329
mechanical 329
Transfer:
interutility 365
limitations 391
Transmission:
access open 364
bottleneck 401
losses 111
service 395
Transmission system 91
U
Unit:
block loaded 272
cogeneration 17
combined cycle 16
combustion turbine 14
common header 14
control detection 356
control modes 356
heat rates (typical) 24
Index Terms Links
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Unit:
hydro 211
hydro characteristic 251
hydroelectric 20
maintenance/forced outage 26
nuclear 19
pumped storage 22
steam 8
Unit commitment 131
Lagrange Relaxation 152 153
capacity ordering 147
constraints 133
dynamic programming 141
priority list method 138
Unserved load method 284
V
Valve points 13
Variable head unit, hydro 22
Variables, dual 69
Variance 464
W
Weighted, least squares 458
Wheeling 393
cost 397
Wholesale, market 402
Index Terms Links
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Z
Zero forced outage rate 312
Zero injection, measurement 481
Recommended