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Center for Accelerating Innovation
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Advanced Geotechnical Methods for Exploration:The A-GaME
Bring It!
Benjamin S. Rivers, P.E.FHWA- Resource Center
64Th Alabama Transportation ConferenceFebruary 10th, 2021
Center for Accelerating Innovation
What are the Advanced Geotechnical Methods in Exploration?
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The A-GaME is a toolbox of underutilized subsurface exploration tools that will assist with:• Assessing risk and variability in site
characterization• Optimizing subsurface exploration programs• Maximizing return on investment in project
delivery
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The A-GaME’s Mission
Mitigate risks to project schedule and budget, and improve reliability by optimizing geotechnical site characterization using proven, effective exploration methods and practices.
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Risk
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Source: FHWASource: Ohio DOT
Source: ALDOT
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Risk
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Source: Florida DOT
Source: Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
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Benefit of Upfront Site Investigation Investment
6Source: NCHRP Synthesis 484 - Influence of Geotechnical Investigation and Subsurface Conditions on Claims, Change Orders, and Overruns (After Figure 1)
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MODOT Approach for Relating Design Reliability to Variability. Example Shown: Tip resistance – shafts in clay
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COV of Mean Undrained Shear Strength, COVsu
Bridges on Minor RoadsBridges on Major RoadsMajor Bridges (<$100 million)Major Bridges (>$100 million)
Source: Missouri DOT
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Mainstream Effective Underutilized MethodsCPT - Cone Penetration Test
SCPT - Seismic Cone Penetration Test
ER - Electrical Resistivity
IP - Induced Polarization
SP - Self Potential
MWD - Measurement While Drilling
Seismic: Refraction
Seismic: Reflection
Seismic: FWI - Full Waveform Inversion
Seismic: SASW - Spectral Analysis of Surface
Waves
Seismic: Tomography
Seismic: Downhole
Seismic: Crosshole
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TDEM - Time-Domain Electromagnetic
FDEM - Frequency-Domain Electromagnetic
VLFEM - Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic
OTV - Optical Televiewers
ACT - Acoustic Televiewers
GPR - Ground Penetrating Radar
MicroGravity
PMT - Pressuremeter Test
DMT - Flat Plate Dilatometer Test
Rock Discontinuities from Photogrammetry
Pore-water pressure from Field Piezometers
Suspension Logging
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Site Characterization – Current Practice
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Total Volume Tested or Sampled < 0.01% (typically)
To Scale
Boring/CPT LocationsBorings: Typ. SPT every 5 feet; 18 inch of Sampling
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Site Characterization – Bringing your A-GaME
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Source: Florida DOT
• 6-Mile Section
• 1-day Field Testing
• ½-day Processing
Confirm conditions
Concentrate additional investigation where most valuable
Soft Soils Likely
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Sheet Pile EndSheet Pile Start
769 770 771 772 773
DRIVEN PILE DRILLED PILES
SHEET PILE EXTENT
Depth and location of sheeting & king piles
Geophysics for final designApplying geophysics to pile design/layout
Source: MNDOT
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Seismic Refraction – Top of Bedrock
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Source: Jeff Reid, Hager-Richter
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Mainstream Effective Underutilized MethodsCone Penetration Testing (CPTu/SCPTu)• More reliable
parameters than from conventional SPT
• Small strata changes easily discernable
• Pore-water pressure measurements
• Shear-wave measurements with SCPTu
• 3-10 times faster than conventional drilling
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Source: FHWA
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Televiewers – Optical and Acoustic (OTV/ATV)• High-resolution, 360o, GIS,
spatially oriented rock drillhole images
• Continuous• In-place rock structure and
condition• Eliminates difficult oriented
coring• Independent of core quality
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Mainstream Effective Underutilized Methods
Courtesy of Jeff Reid, Hager-Richter Assoc.
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Mainstream Effective Underutilized MethodsMeasurement While Drilling (MWD)• Continuous
profile• Discernable
stratigraphic and material changes
• Rock or Soil• Standardized in
Europe ISO 22476-15
15Source: FHWA
• Drilling equipment requirements• Measuring system requirements
MWD Equipment Requirements
(modified after Jean Lutz S.A., 2020) Slide Courtesy of Anahita Modiriasari, 2020
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Most Basically, MWD provides…• Continuous quantitative
drilling record• Means to assess site
variability• QC/QA value
Source: Harry Moore (Retired TN DOT)
Courtesy of Liz Smith, Terracon
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(Gui et al., 2002)
Immediate Applications• Karst Features• Detecting Boulders, Lenses, Bedrock
Interfaces• Characterization of Piedmont
Residuum and PWR• Stratification and material
identification (contrasting)
Source: FHWA
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Continuing Work Needed to…Understand interdependencies while maintaining production:• Between drilling
parameters• Bit types and size• Drilling methods –
Including HSA
Correlate to engineering index parameters
(Reiffsteck et al., 2018)
Quantitative analysisMeasuring rock strength while drilling shafts socketed into Florida limestone
Examples of MWD Investigations in Geotechnical Engineering
(Rodgers et al., 2018)Slide Courtesy of Anahita Modiriasari, 2020
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A-GaME: What’s Next?In-The-Works• User Groups• Virtual Demos/Workshops/Deep-Dive Webinars (in partnership
with A-GaMEr DOTs, DFI, Industry)• A-GaME Web Platform (in partnership with DFI)
• Archived “A-GaME Winter Webinar Series” Recorded Webinars
• MWD Implementation Document• Geophysics Webtool• Case-Histories/References/Resources• User-Group Links
• DIGGS Implementation (in partnership with GI)• Look Up AASHTO PP 102
• AASHTO Manual on Subsurface Investigation (AASHTO COMP TS1b)
• Influence of COV in LRFD (AASHTO COBS T-15)• Stop-Gap Standards of Practice (collaboration with DFI, GI,
EEGS)
A-GaME e-News New!
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Browser Search: “fhwa agame”
Sign-Up!
Kaye Chancellor Davis, Thank You for Your Leadership!
Center for Accelerating Innovation
Questions
Benjamin S. Rivers, FHWA Resource Centerbenjamin.rivers@dot.gov404-562-3926
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