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“Inspiration is more important than Knowledge”
Albert Einstein
Adobe PhotoshopDigital Imaging School
Photoshop Digital Imaging School, Douglas Mitchell, TrainingBrain.com 2008 All Rights Reserved© Page 2
About the Instructor
PhotoshopIllustratorInDesign
Douglas MitchellTrainingBrain8737 Larwin LaneOrlando, FL 32817407.616.0854 phone407.671.1178 faxdoug@trainingbrain.comwww.trainingbrain.com
Adobe Certified Instructor• Photoshop,Illustrator,InDesign(ExporttoPDF)
National Adobe Instructor• Adobe,Apple,Olympus–Speaker,Instructor• Professor–Int’lAcademyofDesign&TechnologyCollege• MacandWindowsAcademy(8yearsnationalinstructor)• ProfessionalPhotographersofAmerica• NAPPTour–NationalAssocPhotoshopProfessionals• GraphicsofAmerica,PrintExpo–PrintingAssocFL• NewspaperAssociations–8States• InternationalTelevisionAssociation• ThunderLizardandmanymore
Author – Video Training Series• Photoshop,Illustrator,InDesign,Premiere,Director• Purchase:www.studioEworks.com
Author – Book• DigitalCameras&PhotoEditingforTeachers &StudentsusingAdobePhotoshopElements• DownloadFree:www.trainingbrain.com
AuthorConcept & Business PlanAdobeDigitalKidsClubwww.adobe.com/education/digkids
Concept & Business PlanDigitalPhotographyEducationProgram(DPEP)CertifiedPhotography&ImagingProgramforHighSchoolteachers and students national.www.webphotoschool.com > lower left buttonCreatedandapprovedthroughStateofTennessee. AmericanDesign&DraftingAssociationforcertified testing.
Freelance Production & Press• Photoshop,InDesign,Illustratorcreativeservices• Printmanagement,catalogs,brochures,books…• Web&interactiveDVDdevelopment• Flash,animation,video/audioproduction
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Table of Contents
Imaging Check List – Concise Summary1Straighten,Crop,SaveAs ........................................................................................92ColorCorrect&Sharpen ..........................................................................................93Retouch&Restore ...................................................................................................94CompositeImagesusingLayers ..............................................................................95AddType&TypeEffects ..........................................................................................96AddShapes,Symbols,VectorArtwork .....................................................................97AddFilterSpecialEffects .........................................................................................98DetermineResolutioninPixelsPerInch(ppi)forOutput ..........................................9
Imaging Check List – Condensed Detail List1Straighten,Crop,SaveAs ........................................................................................102ColorCorrectionSteps .............................................................................................103 Retouch ....................................................................................................................104CompositeImagesintoaProject ..............................................................................105AddType&LayerEffectstoType.............................................................................106AddShapes,Symbols&VectorArtwork ..................................................................107AddSpecialEffectsfromFilterLibrary–ArtisticExpressions ..................................108 Determine Resolution for Output ..............................................................................11
Zoom, Move, Tool Box, PalettesZoomTool–(BermudaHill,Angel) ..............................................................................13ZoomTool–OptionsBar .............................................................................................13HandTooltoMove–PressSpaceBar ........................................................................13ToolBox&ToolOptionsBar ........................................................................................13PalettesManagement–Find&UsePalettes ...............................................................14
Crop & Straighten ImagesCropTool .....................................................................................................................15CropToolShield ..........................................................................................................15Straighten–UsingMeasureTool .................................................................................15StraightenCrookedPhotosorScans–UsingCropTool .............................................15
Undo Mistakes – Shortcut or History PaletteUndoCommand–UndoLastMistake .........................................................................16HistoryStatesPalette–UndoLast(20)Mistakes ........................................................16
Save As – Standard File FormatsPhotoshopFormat(.psd)–ChooseFileMenu>SaveAs ...........................................17JPEG(.jpg)–UseforArchivingPhotos,Web,ScreenPresentations ..........................17TIF(.tif)–Grayscale,LineArt,Bitmap .........................................................................17Illustrator(.ai)–VectorArtwork ....................................................................................17EPS(.esp) ...................................................................................................................17
Add Type & Type EffectsTypeTool–CreatesLayer,ResizableVectors .............................................................19Type–ResizableVectors ............................................................................................19MakingArtificialClouds ...............................................................................................19
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Table of Contents
Add Type & Type EffectsWarpText–SpecialEffects–JustHaveFun ..............................................................20FilterEffects–RasterizeTypeBeforeApplyingFilters ................................................20
Adobe Help ViewerHelpFeature–UseInteractiveHelp,ItWorks .............................................................22
Adobe Help How To Quick AccessHelpMenu–HowToShortCutstoHelp .....................................................................23
Key Preferences & PalettesSetKeyPreferences ....................................................................................................24Preferences ..................................................................................................................24CursorPreferences ......................................................................................................24ShowMenu–bottomofdocumentleftside .................................................................24ChangeBorderColor ...................................................................................................24
Color SettingsColorSettingsMenu ....................................................................................................25WhyColorSettings ......................................................................................................25WorkingSpaces ...........................................................................................................25ColorManagementPolicies .........................................................................................25
Color Settings for CMYK Printing PressCoatedorUncoatedPaperStock ................................................................................26NewsprintPaperStock ................................................................................................26Save Settings ...............................................................................................................26
Tonal Range – Highlights, Shadows, MidtonesColororGrayscaleTonalRegions–arecalledHighlights,Shadow,Midtones ............28
Digital Color – RGB & CMYKAlldigitalcoloriscreatedfromaMIXofRGBandCMYK(K)isblack. ........................29
Grayscale Exists within RGB and CMY
Light Balance – Highlights, Shadows, MidtonesExposureCommand–AdjusttheTonalRange ...........................................................31RenameExposureTERMS–toUnderstandImageLighting .......................................31MoveSlidersSlightlytoAdjust–Highlights,Shadows,Midtones ................................31ReviewBefore&AfterResults–TurnPreviewOffandOn .........................................31
Light Balance using Tonal Range PointsSetB&WDefaultTonalRangePointsOneTime .........................................................32
Increase Contrast with S-CurveDefineContrast ............................................................................................................33IncreasetheContrastUsingS-Curve ..........................................................................33ImageMenu>Adjust>Hue&Saturation(shift+com/ctrlU) ......................................34
Saturate Color – A Range of Specific ColorImageMenu>Adjust>Hue&Saturation(shift+com/ctrlU) ......................................35
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Table of Contents
Take Out Dust, Scratches, Noise FilterFilterMenu>Noise>Dust&Scratches ......................................................................36
Smart Sharpen – Blurred Faces, Pets, Images
Sharpen Non-Face Images – Unsharp Mask (USM)Filtermenu>Sharpen>UnsharpMask(USM) ...........................................................38StartingSettings–UnsharpMask ...............................................................................38Fade the Amount Applied ............................................................................................38
Photos Too Dark or Too BrightDigitalCapture&ScanningContainsGreaterHiddenDetail .......................................39ImagesTooDark–ScreenModeToBrighten .............................................................39ImagesTooBright–MultiplyModeToDarken ............................................................39
Outside CMYK Press Gamut of ColorsGamutWarning–RGBColorsNotReproducibleonCMYKPress .............................40 1TurnonGamutWarning>Viewmenu>GamutWarning(shift+com/ctrlY) .......40 2WhatisGamutWarning ........................................................................................40 3GamutWarningAllowsControlFullOvertheRichnessofCMYKColors .............40
Convert RGB Color to GrayscaleBlackandWhiteCommand–ConvertRGBColortoGrayscale .................................42
Black & White – Ghost Contrast EffectIncreasetheContrastUsingS-Curve ..........................................................................43
Selections
Marquee SelectionsSelectionBehaviors–IsolatesSomething ...................................................................45MarqueeTools–Rectangle/Square,Oval/Circle .........................................................45
Lasso ToolLassoTool–FreehandorPolygonArea ......................................................................46
Control Depth of Field – to Isolate ActionUseLassoandGaussianBlurToBringSubjectIntoStrongFocus .............................47
Quick Selection ToolQuickSelectionTool ....................................................................................................48
Pen Tool Path Converts to Selection
Magic Eraser Tool – Delete PartsMagicEraserTool ........................................................................................................50
Quick Mask Selection – Brush the SelectionWorkingwithQuickMask .............................................................................................51
Eraser BrushEraserBrush ................................................................................................................52
Retouching
Brush Edge HardnessBrushHardnessEdges–Hard,Medium,Soft ............................................................54
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Table of Contents
Red Eye Fix FixRedEyeinOneClick–Usually ..........................................................................55
History Brush from Snap ShotHistoryImage,HistoryBrush,HistoryPalette ..............................................................56HistorySnapshots ........................................................................................................56
Dodge, Burn, Change ColorMakePartsBrighter–DodgeTool ...............................................................................57MakePartsDarker–BurnTool ....................................................................................57ChangeColors–UseColorPaintMode ......................................................................57ChangeColortoGray–UseColorPaintModewithBlack ..........................................57
Fix Face Blemishes – Healing, Patch ToolsRetouchFace&ImageFlawsEasily ............................................................................58
Fix Face Blemishes – Healing, Patch ToolsRetouchFace&ImageFlawsEasily ............................................................................59
Fix Age Lines – Quick MaskUseIsolatedBlurtoFixSkin .......................................................................................60
Image Removal – Clone Tool
Remove Dust & ScratchesHowToUseDust&Scratches .....................................................................................62
Fix Moire Pattern from ScansTexture Patterns Develop from Printing Press Images .................................................63Dust and Scratches Fix ................................................................................................63
Photo Composites using LayersCompositeImages–EssentialLayerFeatures1(KaylaCheers) ................................65
Paste Into A SelectionDefineaSelectionArea–CopyImage&PasteInto(WeddingWindow) ....................68
Layer Mask – Show/Hide Parts of ImageHideorShowPartsofImage–UsingLayerMask(ChurchWedding) .........................69
Blend & Fade with PrecisionBlend&FadePhotosusingGradients,DodgeAndBurn .............................................70
Place Images into Any Image – Clipping Mask PlaceAnyImageIntoanotherImageonLayerBelow ..............................................71
Place Multiple Photos into Type or ShapesCreateUniquePatternsFromPhoto ............................................................................72
Understanding Resolution – Pixels Per InchRGBcoloriscapturedandstoredinpixels–shortforpictureelement. ......................74
Use Correct Resolution for OutputDetermine Resolution for Output ..................................................................................75
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Table of Contents
Set Resolution with Crop Tool – Easiest MethodPrepare Files for Outputs .............................................................................................76Inkjet,Laser,Web,Email,Presentations ......................................................................76ChangeTheWidth,Height,ResolutionUsingCropToolOptionsBar .........................76Width ............................................................................................................................76Height ..........................................................................................................................76Resolution ....................................................................................................................76CropPhototoNewWidth,Height,Resolution .............................................................76PhotoTooSmalltoCropwithAboveMethod ...............................................................76SaveAstheRightFileFormat&Options.....................................................................76File Formats .................................................................................................................76
Resolution – Fixed Dimensions from DevicesFixedCaptureDimensions–DigitalCamera&ScannerFixedResolutions ...............77FixedCaptureCanBeRecalculated–ImageMenu>ImageSize ..............................77
Scanner Resolution SettingsScanHigh–ResampleLow–IstheWayToGo .........................................................78
Scale Low Resolution Images Up – ResamplePixelsCanBeAddedorReduced–ProcessCalledResample ..................................79
Special Topics
Fill with Texture Pattern from LibraryFillAnySelection–withDefaultArtisticTexturePattern ..............................................81
Create a Custom Fill PatternDefineaPatternfromAnyImagePart .........................................................................82CreateQuickTextures .................................................................................................83
Training & Education MaterialsFavoriteBooks–Photoshop ........................................................................................84Favoritebooks–Photography .....................................................................................84Favoritebooks–Design&Color .................................................................................84Favoritefilters–Photoshop ..........................................................................................84Creativity&ExpandYourThinkingPower ....................................................................84FavoriteFilters–Illustrator ...........................................................................................84Fonts&FontManagement ...........................................................................................84Magazines ...................................................................................................................84NationalAssociationofPhotoshopProfessionals ........................................................85GreatPhotographers ...................................................................................................85TakeGreatPhotoLessons ...........................................................................................85
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Digital Imaging Check List
Section 1: Digital Imaging Check List
1 DigitalImagingCheckList–ConciseSummary2 DigitalImagingCheckList–CondensedDetailList
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Photoshop Digital Imaging School, Douglas Mitchell, TrainingBrain.com 2008 All Rights Reserved©
Page 9
Imaging Check List – Concise Summary
1 Straighten, Crop, Save As
2 Color Correct & Sharpen
3 Retouch & Restore
4 Composite Images using Layers
5 Add Type & Type Effects
6 Add Shapes, Symbols, Vector Artwork
7 Add Filter Special Effects
8 Determine Resolution in Pixels Per Inch (ppi) for Output
Detailed Condensed Detail List Next
Digital Imaging Check Listwww.trainingbrain.com
Photoshop Digital Imaging School, Douglas Mitchell, TrainingBrain.com 2008 All Rights Reserved©
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Imaging Check List – Condensed Detail List
1 Straighten, Crop, Save As •Straighten:useMeasurementtool>Imagemenu>Rotate>Arbitrary. •Croptool>Clearbutton>Freehandcrop UseCroptooltoresizeandsetresolution,discussedindetaillater. •Saveacopyoforiginal–don’tlooseoriginal. •SaveAs–Fileformats. JPEG(.jpg),Quality12,BaselineOptimized(Archiveallphotosexceptforweb). Note:.jpgcompressionatQuality12,willNOTdamagetheimage(tested). JPEGweb:Quality5,BaselineOptimized,resolution72ppi,smallerhxw. Photoshop(.psd)storemultiplephotos,text,shapesonseparatelayers. When(.psd)issavedasANYOTHERfileformatalllayersareflattenedtoone.Background. TIF(.tif):usealwaysforGRAYSCALEfornewspapers200-300ppi. TIF(.tif):colorfilesareverylargefilesize–useonlywhenrequestedbypressman. TIF(.tif):highresolution(300ppi)canlockupanINKJETprinter(use150ppiforinkjet).
2 Color Correction Steps • AdjustLighting>Imagemenu>Adjustments>Exposure • AdjustSaturation>ImageAdjust>Hue&Saturation. • AdjustContrast>Curves>usestandardS-Curve. • AdjustSharpness>Filtermenu>Sharpen>SmartSharpen.
3 Retouch •RedEyeTool,DodgeTool,BurnTool,SpotHealingTool,HealingBrushTool, PatchTool,CloneTool,Dust&ScratchesFilter.
4 Composite Images into a Project •Createselections:Marquees,Lasso,MagicLasso,MagicWand,QuickMask,Extract(Filter) •Manageselectionedges:Anti-Alias,Feathertosoftenedges(Select>Feather). •Combineimagesusing:MoveTool,DuplicateLayers,StackLayers,LinkLayers, Transform(Scale,Rotate,Skew,Distort,Perspective,Warp,FlipHorizontal,Vertical).
5 Add Type & Layer Effects to Type •Typeisplacedautomaticallyonalayer(calledtypelayer). •AdjustTracking,Kerning,BaselineShift,HorizontalAndVerticalScale. •Characterpalette>com/ctrlTwhileontypetool. •UseFxmenu>bottomofLayerpalette(Fxexample:DropShadow).
6 Add Shapes, Symbols & Vector Artwork •Shapetool. •Symbolsfromfonts. •PlaceVectorArtworkfromIllustrator(or.eps).
7 Add Special Effects from Filter Library – Artistic Expressions •Filtermenu>FilterGallery. •ApplyFiltersfromFolders.
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8 Determine Resolution for Output
•Croptool>useCropOptionsbartosetspecificsizeandresolution. •Determine Resolution for Output 1 Inkjet 150ppi(150-200ppicheapdesktop,225-300higherendinkjet) 2 Web 72ppi 3 Screencapture 72ppi(screenshot,screengrabs,printscreenonPC) 4 Presentations 100ppi(allowsforscaleup) 5 NewsprintB&W 200ppi 6 NewsprintColor 300ppi 7 PressCMYK 200-300ppi(digitalpressneedslessresolution,ask) 8 PressCMYK 300ppi(oldersheetfeedorwebpress,standardis300ppi) 9 LargeOutputPrint 200-300ppi(askserviceproviderfortheirprinter) 10 Laser Printer 150 ppi 11 Scan35mmFilm 300ppi(orashighaspossibleonaFilmScanner) 12 LineArtScan 800-1200ppi Nolessthan800,rememberit’sonlytwocolorsB&W. BesuretoselectLineArtontheScanner,NOTGrayscale. Tip:Use“NearestNeighbor”interpolationwithImageSizecommand toResamplelineart.Thismethodwillnotproduceanti-aliasedges whenresampled(keepsitB&Wonly).
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Zoom, Move, Crop, Straighten, Save As
Section 2: Interface, Crop, Straighten, Save As
1 ZoomTool–ViewWork2 Move–GettingAroundFileWindow3 ToolBox&ToolOptionsBar–Tool,Options,Work4 PalettesManagement–Find&UsePalettes5 Crop–DeleteAllUnwantedImage6 Straighten–ACrookedPhotoorScan7 SaveAs–StandardFileFormats
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Zoom, Move, Tool Box, Palettes
Zoom Tool – (Bermuda Hill, Angel) 1 SelectZoomtool.Seeaplussignandclicktomagnify(opt/alttoreduce). 2 DoubleclickZoomTooladjustsimageto100%. 2 Tip:DragasmallmarqueeareawithZoomtomagnifythatareaonly. 3 Tip:Keycom/ctrl(+)or(-). 4 Tip:GetZoomtoolwithSpaceBar+com/ctrlforPLUS,addopt/altforMinus.
Zoom Tool – Options Bar 1 ZoomOptionsBar–ActualPixels,FittoScreen,PrintSize. CinemaDisplay=(1920x1200pixels). 2 Print Sizeisveryconvenienttoviewimagesatrealprintsize. 3 Fit On Screenishelpfulforminormagnifications. 4 Tip:Resize Windows to Fit(witheachzoom). 5 Tip:GetasecondviewfromWindow>Arrange>NewWindow.
Hand Tool to Move – Press Space Bar 1 Handtoolmovesphotoinsidethewindowwhenmagnified. 2 DoubleclickonHandtooltoFit To Window to monitor screen. 3 HolddownSpace BartogetHandtool,exceptwhentyping.
Tool Box & Tool Options Bar 1 ToolBox–clickonatool,thenlookupatthetooloptionsbar. 2 ToolOptions–locatedonOptionsbar. 3 Tip:Workflowhabit:choosetool, checktheoptions,thengotowork. Mnemonic:Tool>Options>Work.
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Palettes Management – Find & Use Palettes 1 FindPalettes–ALL palettes located under Window menu. 2 UsingPalettes–noparticularorderofoperation. StartingPaletteconfiguration. Windowmenu>Workspace>Legacy. FullPaletteView. CollapsetoIconview.Click>>Icon(upperrightcorner). ExtendPalettesforNames MouseoverforDoubleArrows,clickdrag. Extend&Contract>ClickpaletteiconOff/On. Extendlengthofpalette.Clicklowerrightcorner,drag. 3 Nestanddock. 4 F-keys.
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Crop & Straighten Images
Crop Tool 1 Definearea–dragresizinghandletoposition. 2 Crop–mouseinsidemarqueedoubleclick (ortypeenter,returnkey,clickdoneicononbar). 3 StartOver–PressEscapeorclickcancelbutton. 4 Don’tlikecrop–Editmenu>Undo. 5 SpecificHxWxResolution(pixels/inch). Rules:web72,inkjet200,slideshow100, newspaperorotherB&W200andcolor300. 6 Clearbutton–changeoruseimagesetting.
Crop Tool Shield 1 Showsborderingraytosimulatecroplook&feel. 2 Turn on/off shield on Tool Bar on the bar.
Straighten – Using Measure Tool 1 Click&holdeyedroppertool>selectRulertool. 2 Drag cross icon along a straight line at least 2 inches long. 3 ChooseImage>RotateCanvas>Arbitrary>clickOK.
Straighten Crooked Photos or Scans – Using Crop Tool 1 SelectCroptool(letterC). 2 Dragacropbox,justbigenoughtosee. 3 MovecursorjustawayfromResizeHandle, seeCURVEICONtorotate. 4 Rotatetoparallelofanylineintheimage. If the image has no straight line, imagine one or use something close. 5 DoubleclickinsideCropMarqueetofinalize. 6 ResetCrop–PushEscapekey. 7 Cropagaintodeleteanycoloraddedalongtheedges.
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Undo Mistakes – Shortcut or History Palette
Undo Command – Undo Last Mistake 1 Makeamistake,useUndo command>Editmenu>Undo(com/ctrlZ,backonlyonce). 2 UseHistorytogobackorforwardmorethanonce.
History States Palette – Undo Last (20) Mistakes 1 Historypalettememorizes tasksonaLIST. 2 MemorizedtasksarecalledHistory States. Default20HistoryStates.ChangeinPreferences. ExtraRAMmemory–setto35-50. 3 Tip:HistorybringsbackstatesafteraSave(thisishandyuponaccidentalsaves). 4 HistorystatesareGONE whenthefileisclosed.
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Save As – Standard File Formats
Photoshop Format (.psd) – Choose File Menu > Save As 1 Photoshop(.psd)fileformatbesttocreateaworkingfileforcompositingphotos. 2 Photoshopkeepsphotos,text,shapesstoredinlayersseparately. 3 When.psdissavedas.jpg,itwillflatten all layers into a background (no layers).
JPEG (.jpg) – Use for Archiving Photos, Web, Screen Presentations 1 Use.jpgformattosavephotographicfiles. 2 (.jpg)reducesfilesizedramatically without noticeable loss when saved athighestqualitysettingandbaselineoptimized. 3 Thisfindinghasbeentestedonaveryhighendpressworkflowfromdrumscans. 4 Fornewsprintsaveas.jpg,Quality10,BaselineOptimized. 5 Forhigherresolutioncoated/uncoatedstockproduction alwayssaveas.jpg:quality12,baselineoptimized. 6 Tip:Do not saveX-raysorscreencapturesas.jpg, save as TIF.
TIF (.tif) – Grayscale, Line Art, Bitmap 1 TIFdoesNOTcompress. 2 TIFproduceslargefilesizes. 3 TIF is used to save Grayscale, X-rays, Line Art.
Illustrator (.ai) – Vector Artwork 1 AdobeIllustrator(.ai)filesavesvectorsandprogramuniquecommands.
EPS (.esp) 1 EncapsulatedPostscriptFile. 2 Tip:OpenLegacy(.eps)filesinIllustrator,thenSaveAs(.ai).
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Typography
Section 3: Typography
1 TypeTool–SetOptionsFirst,ColorPicker2 CharacterPalette–TextControls3 ParagraphPalette–ParagraphControls4 LayerStylesLibrary5 WarpTextLibrary
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Add Type & Type Effects
Type Tool – Creates Layer, Resizable Vectors 1 TypeTool–TypeOptionsBar 2 Color–SetTextColor,AutoEyeDropper,AddtoSwatches,PredictableColorFocoltone 3 CharacterPalette–TextControls,ResetCharacter 4 ParagraphPalette–ParagraphControls,ResetParagraph 5 LayerStylesLibrary–BottomofLayersPalette(Fx) 6 WarpTextLibrary–JustHaveFunwiththeSliders
Type – Resizable Vectors 1 Vectorsallowtypetoberesizedlargeorsmall without loose of resolution. 2 Tip:ALWAYSmakeacopyofTypeLayer BEFORErasterize,topreservefontname.
Making Artificial Clouds 1 Pickforegroundcolor,thensetbackgroundcolortowhite. 2 Filter>Render>Clouds(orcloudsdifference). 3 Repeatthefilter,togetaversiondesired.
Add Type & Type Effects
v
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Photoshop Digital Imaging School, Douglas Mitchell, TrainingBrain.com 2008 All Rights Reserved©
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Add Type & Type Effects
Warp Text – Special Effects – Just Have Fun
Filter Effects – Rasterize Type Before Applying Filters 1 ContactSensitiveorLayermenu>Rasterize>Type. 2 TypeRasterized–onconvertedtypeissubjecttotherulesofpixelresolution.
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Section 4: Essential Setups
1 AdobeHelpViewer–Contents,Index,Search2 KeyPreferences–JustaFewtoHelpYou3 ColorSettings–MonitorMatchesPrinting
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Adobe Help Viewer
Adobe Help Viewer
Help Feature – Use Interactive Help, It Works 1 Help menu–PhotoshopHelp. 2 Browse–pickanyAdobeApplicationfromlist. 3 Search–keeptryingkeywords.Interactivelinkstorelatedsubjectsarehelpful. 4 Contents–viewbymajortopics. 5 Index–needspecificexacttopicvocabularyword. 6 Resources–excellentsourceforspecificvideotrainingmovies,andlotsmore. 7 What’s new–easywaytofindnewfeatures. 8 Workspace–quicklessonsonhowtoworkwiththeinterface.
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Adobe Help How To Quick Access
Adobe Help How To Quick Access
Help Menu – How To Short Cuts to Help
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Key Preferences Plus
Key Preferences & Palettes
Set Key Preferences 1 Photoshopmenu>Preferences(com/ctrlK).
Preferences 1 General–ImageInterpolationsettoBicubicSharperbestforreduction. 2 General–IUFontSize(18). 3 Performance–HistoryStates(35).
Cursor Preferences 1 NormalBrushTips. 2 Tip:TurnOn>ShowCrossHairinBrushTip.
Show Menu – bottom of document left side 1 ClickandHold>chooseDocumentDimensions(veryhelpful).
Change Border Color 1 ChangefileBorder from default to Gray. Thismakesitlookmorelikeprintingpapertojudgeimagebrightness. Selectforegroundcolor>PaintBucket(underGradient)>SHIFTclickONfileborder.
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Color Settings
Color Settings
Color Settings Menu 1 Choose>Photoshop>ColorSettings
Why Color Settings 1 Manage the brilliance of colors viewed on the monitor. 2 Helptomatch colors on screen to the printer. 3 Colorsettingsuseaprofilewhichareattachedtofile. 4 Aprofileisacolor measurementofanycaptureordisplaydevice. Suchas:monitor,digitalcamera,scanner,printingpress,inkjetprinter. 5 ProfilesarelocatedonLocalHardDrive>LibraryFolder>ColorsyncFolder >Profiles>Recommended.Copyspecificdeviceprofileshere.
Working SpacesUsethesesettingstoalwaysobtainthemostbrilliantcolorsonscreen. 1 RGB:AdobeRGB(1998) 2 CMYK:USSheetfedCoatedv2 3 Gray:DotGain20% 4 Spot:DotGain20%
Color Management Policies 1 RGB:ConverttoWorkingRGB. 2 CMYK:ConverttoWorkingCMYK. 3 Gray:ConverttoWorkingGray. 4 ProfileMismatches:OFF. 5 MissingProfiles&AskWhenPasting:OFF. ThisputsyoursettingsintoALLfilesopenedinPhotoshop. 6 ClickSavebutton.Savenewsettings.Keepnameshortandsimple.
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Color Settings for CMYK
Color Settings for CMYK Printing Press
Coated or Uncoated Paper Stock 1 Edit>ColorSettings>WorkingSpaces>CMYK>Custom Typethesesettings.
Newsprint Paper Stock 1 Edit>ColorSettings>WorkingSpaces>CMYK>Custom Typethesesettings.
Save Settings 1 The title will read custom at the top until saved. 2 SaveAs>Namethemaccordingly(CoatedandNewsprint). 3 SaveAscreatesaprofiledocument,whichcanbeloadedoverandover.
Total Ink Limits: •CoatedorUncoated=285% (Ktarget=75%,63%,62%,90%)
Total Ink Limits: •Newsprint=230%. (Ktarget=95%,82%,82%,80%.) (allwhitetargets=5%,3%,3%,0)
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Color Correction
“Knowledge Is Power”
Section 5: Color Correction
1 EssentialColorKnowledge–TonalRange,RGB/CMYK2 LightBalance–Exposure:AdjustHighlights,Shadows,Midtones3 SaturateColor–IntensifyColors4 IncreaseContrast–Curves(S-Curve)5 Sharpen–IncreaseEdgesCrispness(SmartSharpen)6 FixExtremes–FixTooDarkorTooBright7 CheckPressColors–GamutWarning
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Tonal Range – Highlights, Shadows, Midtones
Color or Grayscale Tonal Regions – are called Highlights, Shadow, Midtones 1 Highlights–regionsofimagewithMOST lightandtonaldetail(3%–25%) Paper white–imageareaof0%toneispaperwhite(ex:reflectioninamirrororwindow). 0%tonemeansthereisabsolutelynodetail,nothingwouldprintbutthecolorofpaper. ToneismeasuredwithEyeDropperToolandtheInfoPalette. 2 Shadow–regionsofimagewiththeMOST darkwithtonedetail(75%–90%). 3 Midtones–regionsofimageBETWEENhighlightsandshadowsaremidtones(25%–75%).
Essential Color Knowledge
Specular HighlightHaslittleorNOtone(1%,0%)PaperWhitePrintsasPaperColor
Photoshop Digital Imaging School, Douglas Mitchell, TrainingBrain.com 2008 All Rights Reserved©
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Page 29
Digital Color – RGB & CMYK
All digital color is created from a MIX of RGB and CMYK (K) is black. 1 RGB–Red,Green,Blue. 2 CMYK–Cyan,Magenta,Yellow,Black(memorizeinthisorder). CMYisassumed,butnotmentionedaspartoftheRGBcolorsystem. CMYareoppositecolorstoRGB(orcomplementarycolors)onthecolorwheel. CMYKinksonpressaretransparent&overlap–eyeseestheopposite overlap color. File ModesarecalledRGB,Grayscale,CMYKforprintingpress, K stands for black). File Modes can be changedinPhotoshop:Imagemenu>Mode>RGB,CMYK,Grayscale. 3 Devices capture RGBcolor–canner,digitalcamera,videocamera, cellphonecameraorvideo,computerscreencaptureRGB,NOTCMYK. Exception:HighEndscannersforPrintingPresscaptureinCMYK. 4 Devices display RGBcolor–computerscreenmonitor,TV,FlatScreenTV, videocameraviewdisplay,gianttrondisplays,cellphones,etc.
5 Grayscale–RGB/CMYcolorspectrumcontainsarangeofGrayscale(Black&White). Grayscale–isarangeofgrayvaluesbetween Pure White 0% to Pure Black 100%.
Image Menu > Mode
Color Balance Demo
Essential Color Knowledge
RGBCMYMode
Grayscale Grayscale contains ONLY 256 possible shadesofgray.MostdesktopInkjet or Laser printers DONOThaveenoughresolutionitproduce256shadesofgray.SAVEGrayscaleimagesas(.tif). NOTas(.jpg)–lookspixelated.
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Grayscale Exists within RGB and CMY
1 Grayscale–RGB/CMYcolorspectrumcontainsarangeofGrayscale(Black&White). Grayscale–isarangeofgrayvaluesbetween Pure White 0% to Pure Black 100%.
Image Menu > Mode
Essential Color Knowledge
Grayscale
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Page 31
Light Balance – Highlights, Shadows, Midtones
Light Balance – Highlights, Shadows, Midtones
Exposure Command – Adjust the Tonal Range 1 Imagemenu>Adjust>Exposure.
Rename Exposure TERMS – to Understand Image Lighting 1 Exposure > Think Highlights 2 Offset > Think Shadows 3 Gamma Correction > Think Midtones
Move Sliders Slightly to Adjust – Highlights, Shadows, Midtones 1 Check ON the Preview. 2 FirstadjustHighlights(Exposure). MoveslightlyrighttobrightenHighlights. 3 SecondadjustShadows(Offset). MoveslightlylefttodarkenShadows. 4 ThirdadjustMidtones(Gamma). MoveslightlylefttodarkenMidtones.
Review Before & After Results – Turn Preview Off and On 1 UncheckandcheckthePreviewbuttonatleasttwicetoreviewbefore&afterresults.
Hazy ImageColor Soft
Clear ImageColor Sharp
Tip:Movethesliderstoanextreme,thenbackto the start. This allows theeyetodetectsubtlechanges during next adjustment.
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Light Balance using Tonal Range Points
Set B&W Default Tonal Range Points One TimeAfter Application Quit, New Defaults Are Permanently Stored 1 Imagemenu>Adjust>Curves. 2 DoubleclickontheBlackEyeDropper(TargetShadow,defaultis0). KeyRGB:15,15,15 Tip:BesureBlackEyeDropperisSelected,easytoturnitaround. 3 DoubleclickontheWhiteEyeDropper(TargetHighlight,defaultis255). KeyRGB:240,240,240 4 CMYKworkflow:key95%,82%,82%,80%BlackTargetValues. CMYKworkflow:key5%,3%,3%,0%WhiteTargetValues. 5 DoNOTmakeanyOTHERchangesduringthissession. Click>OK>ClickYes>ToSetAsNewDefaults.
Light Balance – Prior to Exposure Command
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Increase Contrast with S-Curve
Define Contrast 1 Differencebetweenblackandwhite(mostbasicbutaccuratedefinition). 2 Distinctionbetweentonalranges(otherwise,contrastissaidtobeflat). 3 Increasingcontrastmeansthatsometonesgetdarkerandsomegetlighter.
Increase the Contrast Using S-Curve 1 Increasecontrast–sometonesgetbrighter,sometonesgetdarker. 2 Curves–Imagemenu>Adjust>Curves(com/ctrlM). 3 Anchorpointuppertones–clicktoplaceananchorpointatthreequartertone,moveup. 4 Anchorpointlowertones–clicktoplaceananchorpointatfirstquartertone,movedown.
Increase Contrast using S-Curve
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Saturate Color – Entire Image Caution: NOT Hue Slider – Changes ALL ColorsImage Menu > Adjust > Hue & Saturation (shift+com/ctrlU) 1 AdjustALLcolorsatonce–movetheSaturationslider. 2 DO NOTadjustLightnessslider–alreadydonewithExposureCommand.
Saturate Color – Entire Image
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Saturate Color – A Range of Specific Color
Image Menu > Adjust > Hue & Saturation (shift+com/ctrlU) 1 AdjustaRANGEofcolor–pick KEY color from pop-up menu. Tip:Notsurewhatthekeycoloris:openInformationPalette. ChoosetheEyeDropperTool. Choose3x3(pixels)intheOptionsBarforEyeDropperSamplerange. Sample colors and read dominate color from Info Palette. 2 Selectthe+PlusEyeDropperAFTERselectingakeycolorinthemenu(lowerright). Clickdrag+EyeDropperoverothercolorstoINCLUDEintothecolorRANGE. 3 Note:ChangeALLimagecolorsusingHueslider. (slightchangescanachieveniceresults,sometimes). Hue defined:isthepredominatecolorofathing. 4 DO NOTadjustLightnessslider–alreadydonewithExposureCommand.
Saturate Color – A Range of Color
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Take Out Dust, Scratches, Noise Filter
Filter Menu > Noise > Dust & Scratches 1 Noise(colorspeckles)developswhentheCameracannotmakeclearinterpretations. 2 Noiseshowsupincolorinkjetorpressprints(particularlylargersizes). 3 UseDust&Scratches(D&S)toerasenoise. 4 Drag Radius slider right until noise is gone. 5 KeepSOMEtexture(ifdesired)bydraggingThresholdsliderright,thentweaking. 6 IsolatenoiseareasbymakingselectionsbeforeusingtheD&STool.
Take Out Dust, Scratches, Noise
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Smart Sharpen – Miracle Sharpen
Smart Sharpen – Blurred Faces, Pets, Images
1 Filter menu > Sharpen > Smart Sharpen 2 TurnONPreview. 3 StayonBasic,RemovekeepGaussianBlur,KeepMoreAccurateOn. 4 Start–Amount30,Radius3,reviewthenadjustupordown. 5 Tip:Radiusis10%ofAmount. 6 Turn Preview Off/On to review changes. 7 ViewingtheEffectsOfSharpeningOntheMonitor Imagesmayappeartobeoversharpenedatahigherpixelresolutionwhenviewed over100%magnification. Viewphotosare90%,exceptphotosgoingonweb(viewat100%).
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Sharpen Non-Face Images – Unsharp Mask (USM)
Filter menu > Sharpen > Unsharp Mask (USM) 1 USMaccentsedgesbetweencontrastingtonalregions, •Sharpeningoccursanywherethereistwodistincttonalqualities. •Tip:Sharpenisthelastthingdonetotheimagebeforegoingtooutput. •Tip:Sharpenisoftenneededafterresample,distorts,skews,rotation,specialeffects.
Starting Settings – Unsharp Mask 1 Amount:30,Radius:3,Threshold:0 2 USMoptions Amount%–howmuch. RadiusPixels–howfarreaching,determinessharpingdistanceatregionedges. Threshold–amountcontrol,higherthenumbertheLESSsharpeningoccurs. Controlswhichtonalregionsgetsharpened,basedonpixeldifferences. Ruleofthumb:thehigherthethreshold,thelesssharpeningoccurs.
Fade the Amount Applied 1 Fadetheamountofsharpeningapplied,MUSTdoitimmediatelyafterclickOK. Editmenu>Fade(0%–100%).
How to View Effects Of Sharpening On the Monitor1 Imagesmayappeartobeoversharpenedatahigherpixelresolution whenviewedatover100%magnification.2 Viewphotosare90%,exceptphotosgoingonweb(viewat100%).
Sharpen – Non-Face
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Page 39
Photos Too Dark or Too Bright
Photos Too Dark or Too Bright
Digital Capture & Scanning Contains Greater Hidden Detail 1 Digital devices capture much more detailthanfirstappearsinthefile, even when the image appears too dark or too bright. 2 Photoshop tools allow detail to be uncovered, exposed and controlled. Tip:Don’tthrowawayimagesthatlookbaduntilyoutrythesetechniques.
Images Too Dark – Screen Mode To Brighten 1 Openlayerspalette>Windowmenu>ShowLayers (F7). 2 Duplicatethebackground>dragbackgroundtofileicon. Tip:Adjustthisbefore colorbalanceandthechecklist. 3 SettheduplicatedlayertoScreen mode fortoodarkimages(thinkofscreenasbleach). 4 Adjusttheopacity slider to more or less brightness. 5 Flattentheimage>layerspaletteoptions>flatten. 6 Adjustcolor balance andperformcolorcorrectioncheckliststeps.
Images Too Bright – Multiply Mode To Darken 1 Openlayerspalette>Windowmenu>ShowLayers (F7). 2 Duplicatethebackground>dragbackgroundtofileicon. Tip:Adjustthisbefore colorbalanceandthechecklist. 3 SettheduplicatedlayertoMultiply mode for too bright images. 4 Adjusttheopacity slidertomoreorlessdarkness. 5 Flattentheimage>layerspaletteoptions>flatten. 6 Adjustcolor balance andperformcolorcorrectioncheckliststeps.
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Outside CMYK Press Gamut of Colors
Gamut Warning – RGB Colors Not Reproducible on CMYK Press 1 Turn on Gamut Warning > View menu > Gamut Warning (shift + com/ctrl Y) 2 What is Gamut Warning WarnsofRGBcolorsthatwillnotprintonCMYKpress. GamutWarninghighlightsoutofgamutRGBcolorsingraybydefault. RGBoutofgamutcolorsfallinto(2)categories: Shadowsaretoodarkortooblack. OversaturatedRGBcolors(CMYKinkscannotreproducethisrichcolor).
3 Gamut Warning Allows Control Full Over the Richness of CMYK Colors WhenGamutWarningison–itallowsRGBsaturationtobeviewedonthefly. AllowsRGBcolorstobefullysaturatedandremainsafeCMYKcolors. Grayshowsthecolorsaretoosaturated.
4 Toggle Gamut Warning On/Off While You Work (Shift+com/ctrl Y)
Outside CMYK Press Gamut
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Grayscale
Section 6: Grayscale
1 ConvertRGBtoGrayscale2 GhostContrastEffect
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Grayscale
Convert RGB Color to Grayscale
Black and White Command – Convert RGB Color to Grayscale 1 ColorCorrectbeforeconversion. 2 Imagemenu>Adjust>Black&White>SaveAs.TIFformatNOT.JPG 3 Move the sliders around to experiment with variations of contrast. Tip:TurnPreviewOff/Ontoseecolorareas. 4 Aftergrayscalework,addS-Curveforcontrast,addSharpenifneeded.
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Black & White – Ghost Contrast Effect
Increase the Contrast Using S-Curve 1 Imagemenu>Adjust>Curves(com/ctrlM). 2 Follow the curve below.
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Selections
Section 7: Selections
1 ListofSelectionBehaviors–UnderstandingIsolation2 MarqueeTools–Rectangle/Square,Oval/Circle,Modify3 PasteInto–MakeaSelection,thenPasteaCopyInto4 LassoTool–FreeHand,StraightLines,Add/Subtract5 QuickSelectionTool–Contrast,Refine,Lasso/Add/Subtract6 PenTool–PrecisionPaths,ConverttoSelection7 MagicEraserTool–SolidorNearSolidColors.8 QuickMaskSelections–BrushSelection,BrushEdits9 EraserTool–Brush
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Selection Behaviors & Tools
Marquee Selections
Selection Behaviors – Isolates Something 1 Inside=ChangeorDelete Outside=Protection. 2 Inside=Drag&Drop Outside=Protection. 3 Inside=CopytoClipboard Outside=NoCopy. 4 Inside=CopytoNewLayer Outside=NoCopy. 5 Inside=PasteInto Outside=Protection. 6 SoftEdges–CalledFeather 7 INVERSE Selection= ProtectionNowBecomesChangeArea. Selection menu > Inverse 8 Hide/ShowSelection–Viewmenu>Extras(com/ctrlH). Tip:Rememberhiddenselections,ifnothingwillwork,yourworkinginprotection. 9 Save/LoadSelection(Viewmenu>Extrasorcom/ctrlH. 10Deselect–clickoutsideorcom/ctrlD.
Marquee Tools – Rectangle/Square, Oval/Circle 1 Squareorcircle–PressSHIFT(Pastas.jpg), 2 Drawfromcenter–Opt/altdrag. 3 Move selection during or after. MoveDuring–pressSpaceBarmove(continuetomousedown). MoveAfter–mouseinsideseeicon,thendrag. 4 ResizeSelection–Selectmenu>TransformSelection(noshortkeys). 5 Contractorexpand–Selectmenu>Modify>ContractorExpand(Border,Feather). 6 Edges–canbehard(crisp)orfeathered(soft). FeatherEdges>Selectmenu>Feather(oruseOptionsBar). Feather1-3softenshardedgeenoughtochangethelook. Feather10-15softensenoughforspecialeffect.
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Lasso Tool
Lasso Tool – Freehand or Polygon Area 1 DrawFreeHand–lastpointfindsfirstpointtoclosearea. 2 DrawStraightLinesorPolygon–opt/alt,thenclick,repeat. Tip:donotletgoofopt/altkeyonceit’sdown,untilyouarefinished. Tip:whenyougettotheedgeofthefile,butthereismore>releasethemouse andbumpthetoolitagainstthesideofthefile.Thiswillmoveittogiveyouspace. Remember:donotletgoofopt/altonceit’sdown,untilyouarefinished. 3 Addtoselection–pressshiftkey 4 Subtractfromselection–pressopt/altdrawkey.
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Control Depth of Field
Control Depth of Field – to Isolate Action
Use Lasso and Gaussian Blur To Bring Subject Into Strong Focus 1 Lassotool–alooseselectionaroundthesubject. 2 Feather selection edges to soften the transition. Selectmenu>Modify>Feather>15–25pixels. 3 Inverse the Selection –toBlursurroundingimage. Select menu > Inverse. 4 Blursurroundingimagetochangethedepthoffield. Filtermenu>Blur>GaussianBlur. Tip:hidetheselectionedges>com/ctrlH.
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Quick Selection Tool
Quick Selection Tool 1 Selectandefinedarea–dragwithinacontrastarea(frommiddle). 2 AutoEnhance–leaveON. 3 RefineEdgeButton–furtherrefinesselectionarea.
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Pen Tool Path Converts to Selection
1 DrawAccuratePaths–thenconverttoselection. Tip:Zoomclosetowork. 2 StayonPenTool–add,subtract,convert,adjustanchorpoints Tip:Toggle–com/ctrl>SelectionArrow. 3 Draws(2)TypesofPaths–straightline,curve. Tip:Movearound–Spacebar>Handtooltomove. 4 PathsPalette–storesPaths,clickpathtohighlight,doubleclicktoname. 5 ConvertPathtoSelection–paletteoptionsmenu. •ChooseMakeSelectionORdragthepathontotheselectioniconofthePathspalette. •Tip:Convertpathstoselectionfast,presscom/ctrlandclickonthepathinPathspalette.
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Magic Eraser Tool
Magic Eraser Tool – Delete Parts
Magic Eraser Tool 1 Delete–solidornearsolidcolors. Delete–isbasedonarangeofcolorcalledTolerancesetting. 2 ToleranceDefault=32. Twoworkingsettings15,5(picksuplesscolor,lowernumber). 3 LayererasestoLayerTransparency. BackgrounderasestoBackgroundColor.
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Quick Mask & Eraser Brush
Quick Mask Selection – Brush the Selection
Working with Quick Mask 1 PaintBrush–normalmode,100%Opacity. AdjustBrushSize–openbracket=larger,closedbracket=smaller. 2 Set–Foreground/BackgroundColortodefaultBlack/White(clickdefaultchip). 3 PaintBlack–addsaselection. 4 PaintWhite–subtractsfromaselection. 5 Checkdefaultsettingoncebeforestarting. DoubleclickQuickMaskIcon(belowBackgroundColorChip). Checktheradialbutton–ColorIndicatesSelectedAreas. SetColorOpacityto75%,giveitatry.It’seasiertosee. 6 TurnQuickMaskON:clickQuickMaskbuttonbelowBackgroundColorChip. 7 BrushaQuickMask–itwillappear50%RED,whencloseditwillturntoaselection. 8 TurnQuickMaskOFF:clickQuickMaskbuttonbelowBackgroundColorChip. 9 EditQuickMask–clickQuickMaskbackon. Note:QuickMaskworkswithanexistingselection,itwillberedimmediately. 10Savethemask>Selectmenu>SaveSelection. 11Loadthemask>Selectmenu>LoadSelection.
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Eraser Brush
Eraser Brush
Eraser Brush 1 SetEraserToolModetoBrush–OptionsBar. 2 SetBrushOpacityto50%–OptionsBar 3 SetBrushSize–Large,Hardness0%. 4 BrushAlongEdges–useHistoryStatestoUndo.
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Retouching
Section 8: Retouching
1 BrushEdgeHarness–BrushEdges,Hard,Soft,Feather2 RedEye–Normal,MixedLightFix3 BackLightingFix–HistorySnapShot4 FaceTouchUp–Dodge,Burn,ChangeColor5 FixAgeLines–QuickMask,GaussianBlurFilter6 BlemishFixes–ShopHealingTool,PatchTool,SmudgeTool7 BrushfromPreviousRendition–HistoryBrush8 CopyNearbyTexture–CloneToolCopy9 RemoveNoise–Dust&ScratchesFilter10 OpenorReplaceEyes–LiquifyFilter,CopyNew
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Brush Edge Hardness
Brush Edge Hardness
Brush Hardness Edges – Hard, Medium, Soft 1 ClickBrushPresetbuttonofOptions Bar(65 pt brush demo). 2 Hardness–controlsbrush edgesharpness(crispness). 3 Hardness100%–producestheMOSTcrisp,sharp,strong,hardedge(thereisnosoftness). 4 Hardness50%–producesnoticeablymediumsoftedges. 5 Hardness0%–producespronouncedsoftedgesforoverlapblending. 6 THINKofbrushedgesas:Hard, Medium, Soft(it’sallabouthowtheyoverlap).
Hard Edge100%
Medium Edge50%
Soft Edge0%
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Red Eye Fix
Red Eye Fix
Fix Red Eye in One Click – Usually 1 RedEyeTool–underHealingBrush. 2 DarkenAmountonOptionBar–setto30%,NOT50%(toodark). 3 ZoomClose–foraccuracy,drawZoomtoolmarquee. 4 RemoveRed–clicktoolonstrongestmostsaturatedareaofred. 5 MixedLightRedEyeFix–brushtoolat30%blackforeground.
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History Brush from Snap Shot
History Image, History Brush, History Palette 1 HistoryImage–openafile,it’sputintomemory,calledHistory. 2 HistoryBrush–allowsbrushbackfromOriginal image. 3 HistoryBrush–allowsbrushbackfromNEW Snapshot at ANY TIME.
History Snapshots 1 TakeaNEW snapshot ofyourworkatanytime–usewithHistoryBrush. 2 Takeasnapshot–Historypalette,options,newsnapshot. 3 ChooseOption–usuallycurrentlayer, Makesureyouareselectedtothatlayer. 4 SelectSnapshot–clickfarleftboxofHistoryPalette,chooseworkingSnapshot.
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Dodge, Burn, Change Color
Make Parts Brighter – Dodge Tool 1 Zoomto200%(or100%). 2 Setexposure–30%orless. Tip:Usenumbersonkeypadtochangepercents. 4 Tip:Uselargebrushwith0%Hardness. 5 Tip:builditup(startlowandbuildup).
Make Parts Darker – Burn Tool 1 Zoomto200%(or100%). 2 Setexposureoptionto10%-30%. 3 Usenumbersonkeypadtochangepercents. 4 Uselargebrushwithzerohardnessedge>brushoptions. 5 Tip:builditup(startlowandbuildup). 6 Tip:useeyedropperasdensitometertestfordot%’s.
Change Colors – Use Color Paint Mode 1 Brush–selectColor Mode inoptionsbar(ColortoColor). 2 Tip:Start30%opacity–buildupwitheachstroke.
Change Color to Gray – Use Color Paint Mode with Black 1 SelectBlack–astheforegroundcolor. 3 SelectColorMode–paintbrushoptionsbar. 4 Brush–overandareatochangetogray.
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Fix Face Blemishes – Healing, Patch Tools
Retouch Face & Image Blemishes 1 Blemisheswithinaconsistenttexturearea–SpotHealingandPatchtool. 2 Blemisheswithinanon-consistenttexturearea–SpotHealingandPatchtool. 3 Blemishdefinition(justforfun). Tomarorimpairbyaflaw. Animperfectionthatmarsorimpairs;aflawordefect. [MiddleEnglishblemisshen,fromOldFrenchblesmir,blemir,blemiss, tomakepale,ofGermanicorigin;inIndo-Europeanroots.] 4 Practical Steps for Retouching, OpenSecondWindow–Windowmenu>Arrange>New(nameoffile). SetsecondwindowtoPrintSize>ClickPrintSizebutton>ToolOptionsBar. DuplicateBackgroundinLayerspalette–alwaysworkonacopy. ApplyAdjustmentLayersfromIconatbottomofLayerspalette. ColorCorrect–Crop,LightBalance,Saturation,Sharpen(SmartSharp). LookforCommonFixes Fade Control –useFadetocontrol applied amountofanything(Editmenu>Fade). Face Fixes–redeye,whitesofeyesandteeth(Dodgetool),jewelry(Sharpen). Eye Brows–DarkenwithBurnTool. Saturation–Toomuch,notenough.UseSaturationcommandorSpongetool. Face Fixes–SpotHealing,PatchTool(badbodypart,goodbodypart). Reduce Noise–SelectareauseDust&Scratches>Filters>Noise>D&S.
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Fix Age Lines – Quick Mask
Use Isolated Blur to Fix Skin 1 Brush–setforegroundcolortoBlack(clickdefaultchip). 2 TurnQuickMaskOn/Off–clickQuickMaskbuttonundercolorchips. 3 Brushblackoveragelines–addsamask. 4 Brushwhite–erasesunwantedmask(usetheXkeytoswitchbetweenB&W). 5 Save selection > Select menu > Save Selection. 6 Load selection > Select menu > Load Selection. 7 Filtermenu>Blur>GaussianBlur(watchpreviewforresults).
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Image Removal – Clone Tool
Copy Nearby Texture for Image Fixes with Clone Tool 1 NewWindow–Windowmenu>Arrange>New(seenameoffile). Setnewwindowto100%forobservation. Zoomworkingwindow200%ormore. 2 CloneToolOpacitysetting–startat100%. 3 Brushsize–open/closedbracket. 4 Optionclick–establishsourcepoint(saying:you,clickgohere). Samplenearbytoavoiddissimilartextures. Sample above the start point. Samplebehindthestartpoint(trailit),notahead(willrunoutofimage). 5 CloneAlignedOption–brushfollowscrosswhereveritgoes,eachmouseclick. 6 CloneNon-AlignedOption–brushstartsfromsourcepoint,eachmouseclick. 7 Sample,sample,samplemanytimestogetnearbytextures.
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Remove Dust & Scratches
1 D&Sfilterfindsartifacts,anomaliesordistortionswhich are dissimilar to prevailing tonal pattern. •Itthenblendsthoseartifactsintothesurroundingtonaltexture. •TheThresholdcontrolstextureblendingprecisely,tolookreal. 2 D&Sworksgreatonbackgrounds. 3 Becarefultotestfacialtextures,testresultsatahighzoom. •D&Smay cause too much distortion for some faces, use the clone tool.
How To Use Dust & Scratches 1 SelectasmallorlargeareaswithLasso,PenToolorQuickMask. •Createtheselectionsizeatleastdouble theareasizeoftheartifact. •TesttheD&Satleast200%zoom(usepreviewoff/ontotest). 2 Filtermenu>Noise>Dust&Scratches. 3 AdjusttheRadiussliderhigheruntiltheartifactsarevisuallygone. 4 AdjusttheThresholdslideruntilalltheartifactsvisuallyreturn. 5 Gradually lower the Threshold slider again until the artifacts are gone, andsomeoftheoriginaltextureremains,thenclickOK. •ObservehowtheThresholdcontrolstexturedistortiontomatchsurroundingtexture. 6 Createaselection around other artifacts and repeat with the same settings > com/ctrl F. •Onceanareahasbeentesteditcannowbeused overandoveratthesamesettings(inlargeorsmallselectedareasortheentirefile).
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Fix Moire Pattern from Scans
Texture Patterns Develop from Printing Press Images 1 Imagesprintedonnewspapersmagazinesarecreatedfromrows of dots(linescreen). Scanners cannot interpret emptyspacesbetweenthetinydotsinrows. Result–artifactsandoddtexturesarecreatedfromthescanner. 2 No methodwillfixtheimageperfectly.
Dust and Scratches Fix 1 MakeaSelectionorApplytoEntireImage. 2 Filtermenu>Noise>DustandScratches. 3 Move Radius slider till the artifacts are gone. 4 Move Threshold slider right till all the artifacts reappear. 5 MoveThresholdsliderleftslowlytobringsometextureback,butlookgood. Tip:TurnthePreviewoff/ontoreviewtheresults.
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Page 63
Photo Composites using Layers
Section 9: Composite with Layers
1 LayerEssentials–Drag&Drop,Off/On,Move,Save(.psd)2 LayerTransparency&Stacking–OverlayImages3 LayerTransforms–Scale,Rotate,Distort,Skew,Flips4 LayerLinks–KeepImagesTogether5 LayerGroups–StorageFolders6 LayerOpacity–BlendingImages7 LayerNew–ViaCopy8 LayerClippingMask–DropOneImageDownIntoAnother9 LayerMask–HideorShowPartsofanImage
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Layer Composite Essentials
Composite Images – Essential Layer Features 1 (Kayla Cheers) 1 Open–LayersPalette>Windowmenu>Layers(F7). 2 Drag&DropFullImage–selectMovetool,thenclickonimageanddragtoother. 3 MoveTool–allowsrepositioning,clickdrag(seelayericon). 4 Hide/ShowLayer–clickEyeIconOff/OntoHide/Showthatlayer. 5 StackingOrder–imageontop,imagebelow,changepositions. Layermenu>Arrange. SwitchLayersShortCut–Com/ctrlCLICKonimageortype. Movelayerup/down(com/ctrlopen/closedbracket) 6 Background–Italics,lock,can’tmovelayerbelow,doubleclicktoconverttolayer. 7 Guides–Viewmenu>Rulers.DraghorizontalorverticalguidefromRuler. MoveGuides–movemouseoverguide,clickdrag. SnapTo–imagesSnaptoaguide,likeamagnet. 8 Transform–Editmenu>TransformbyScale,Rotate,Skew,Distort,Perspective,Warp. ReferencePointOption–pickonoptionsbar. ProportionLock–clickLockIcontoturnon(orpressshiftduringScale.) ScaleusingPercents–typeapercent,pressenterorreturn. FinalizeScale–doubleclickinside,returnorenter(solidlinebecomesdottedorinvisible). MoveToolOptions–Auto-Select,ShowTransformControls(Off/On). 9 Type–addtextselectTypetool,checkoptions. TypeOptionsBar–commonoptions. CharacterPalette–moreoptions(com/ctrlT). ParagraphStyles–advancedoptions. 10FxEffects–selectatbottomofLayersPalette. CopyEffects–opt/altdragtotargetlayer.
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Composite Images – Essential Layer Features 2 (Building Plans) 1 Off/OnAllLayersatOnce–shortcut,opt/altclickonLayerEyeIcon. 2 CopyLayer–goodworkhabitistoworkonacopyoforiginalBackground. 3 MagicEraserTool–goodforsolidornearsolidcolors(white). 5 CenterDrag&Drop–SHIFTkeydown. 6 ConstraintoStraight–holdShiftKeytoconstrainstraight 6 TweakMovementArrowKeys–useup,down,left,rightarrowkeystonudge. 7 BeonRIGHTLayer–MostCommonError–WRONGlayerisselected. CheckConstantly–layerselectionisbluehighlight.
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Composite Images – Essential Layer Features 3 (Menu Poster) 1 Drag&DropParts–Marqueetool,selectpartofanimage. 2 Movetool–NOTE:CANNOTdrag&dropwithSelectiontool. 3 FlipHorizontal–Editmenu>Transform>FlipHorizontal(PastaBorder). 4 SelectanyLayer–com/ctrlclickimage. SelectanyLayer–controlclickorrightmouseshowsLayerLIST. 5 MagicEraseTool–erasesSolidorNearSolidColors. MagicEraserTool–erasestoBackgroundTransparent(convertsBackgroundtolayer). DefaultTolerance32–starteraseatdefault32Tolerance. DefaultTolerance32–selects12%ofsurroundingcolorstobedeleted. 32dividedby255=12%(totalpossiblerangeof0–255). Settings:32,15,5 Tip:Createabackgroundlayercolortocheckaccuracyofedges. 6 LinkLayers–linktwoormorelayersasagroupforeaseofmovement. 7 MergeVisible–turnOFFtheEyeIconalllayersNOTinthegroup. Mergelayers–EyeisON. MergeVisible–Paletteoptions>MergeVisible. 8 AddTypelayer–AddEffects(Fx). 9 CompositeALLvisiblelayersintoONEcommand. SelectTOPLayerFirst–NAMElayercomposite01,02,etc. Mac:Shift+Option+CommandE. Win:Shift+Alt+ControlE.
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Paste Into A Selection
Define a Selection Area – Copy Image & Paste Into (Wedding Window) 1 DefineanyAREAwithaselection–useanyselectiontoolorprocess(loadPath). Tip:com/ctrlclickonalayerICONtoloadaselectionaroundthelayerobject. 2 Selectandcopyanimageintomemory. Selectimage>Editmenu>Copytoclipboard. Editmenu>PasteIntotheselection. 3 Note:PasteInto–createsanautomaticLayerMask. Editlayermask–followthelayermaskrule:blackhides theimageonthelayer,whiteshowsimageonthelayer. 4 Loadpathsasselection(PasteIntoWindow). Copywindow–Layermenu>New>ViaCopy.
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Layer Mask – Show/Hide Parts of Image
Hide or Show Parts of Image – Using Layer Mask (Church Wedding) 1 Hide/Showpartsofanimageoncurrentlayer. HidewithLayerMask–createsLayerBackgroundTransparent. 2 CreateaLayerMask–dragthecurrentlayerintoAddLayerMaskIcononLayersPalette. 3 LayerMaskRule–memorize,memorize,memorize. BlackorshadesofblackHIDESimageoncurrentlayer(useanytoolorcommandwithblack). White or shades of white SHOWSimageoncurrentlayer(useanytoolorcommandwithwhite).
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Blend & Fade with Precision
Blend & Fade Photos using Gradients, Dodge And Burn 1 HideImagePartsUsingBlack,White,Gray–applyLayerMask. 2 ApplyLayerMask–draglayertolayermaskicon,bottomlayerspalette. 3 MaskAppearAllWhite–novisualchangewilloccurs. 4 Layermaskrules–memorize. Blackhidesimage–useanytoolorcommandwithblack. Whiteshowsimage–useanytoolorcommandwithwhite. 5 Makegradient–insidelayermask(besurelayermaskisselected). Choosedefaultgradient–firstone,blacktowhite. 6 Dodgetoolorbrushwhite–showimage. Set20%exposureoropacitywithlargebrush(useopenclosedbrackets). 7 Burntoolorbrushblack–hideimage. Set20%exposureoropacityandlargebrush(useopenclosedbrackets).
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Place Images into Any Image Form
Place Images into Any Image – Clipping Mask
Place Any Image Into another Image on Layer Below 1 Think like this–dropthetopimageintotheimagebelow(thinkshapes). 2 PlaceSHOWimageonthelayerABOVE, it will FALL into the shape below. 3 PlaceSHAPEimageonthelayerBELOW, it will RECEIVE the image from above. 4 Apply Mask–selectthetoplayer>Layermenu>CreateClippingMask. 5 Release Mask–Layermenu>ReleaseClippingGroup(selecttoplayer). 6 Tip:shortcuttoAPPLYorRELEASEaClippingMask. PressOpt/Altwhilemovingthecirclesicononlineconnectingthetwothelayers,click. 7 Linktopandbottomlayertokeepthemmovingasonepiece. Shiftselectlayers,thenclickLinkbuttonatthebottomoftheLayerspalette.
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Place Multiple Photos Into Type
Place Multiple Photos into Type or Shapes
1 Createlargethicktypeandaddeffectsasdesired. 2 RULE:placeallphotosonlayersABOVEthetypeorshapelayer. 3 Selecteachnewphotolayerabovethetypeorshapewiththemovetool. 4 Choose>Layer>GroupWithPreviousLayer. 5 Releasethegroupedlayer>chooseLayer>Ungroup. 6 Tip:shortcutforGroupwithPreviousLayer>pressOpt/Alt, thenmovemouseoverselectedlayeredge.Seecirclesiconthenclick. •ToUngrouptheselectedlayer,dothiscommanditagain.
Create Unique Patterns From Photo 1 Usethemarqueetooltoselectanartisticlookingareainanyphoto. 2 Selectalayerorthebackground. 3 ChooseFilter>PatternMaker. 4 Makeaselectionwiththemarqueearoundanartisticlookingarea. •Settheheightandwidth. •Clickgenerate. •Clickgenerateagainandagainfordifferentversions. 5 Variation:Desaturatethelayer. •Image>Adjust>Desaturate. 6 Variation:Colorizethelayer. •Image>Adjust>Hue&Saturation>checkColorize>movetheHueslider.
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Resolution in Pixels Per Inch – PPI
Section 10: Resolution – Pixels Per Inch
1 UnderstandingResolution–PixelsareColorBuckets2 DetermineResolutionforOutput–inPixelsPerInch3 SetResolutionwithCropTool–EasiestMethod4 Resolution–FixedDimensions5 Scanner Resolution Settings6 ScaleLowResolutionImagesUp–Resample
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Understanding Resolution – Pixels Per Inch
RGB color is captured and stored in pixels – short for picture element. 1 Pixelsdescribetonalareasofanimage–incolorandgray(LabelBacardi) Pixelshavenumericalvalues(0–255RGBcolorand0%–100%GrayorCMYKinks. 2 GreaterDetail–isobtainedcapturingmorepixels(higherresolution). 3 FindImageData–ImageSizeMenu–Imagemenu>ImageSize. 4 PixelDimensions–describestotalwidthxheightinpixels. 5 DocumentSize–describeswidth,height,resolutioninpixels/inch. Dots–termusedtodescribehowoftenprinterheadprintsink(2,400dotsperinch). Printstaffoftenreferpixelsasdots,donotconfusethetwo,theymeanpixels. Digitalfileresolutionismeasuredinpixelsperinch(ppi),notdots. 6 Width,Height,Resolution–canbechangedasneededforanyproject.
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Use Correct Resolution for Output
Determine Resolution for Output 1 Inkjet 150ppi(150-200ppicheapdesktop,225-300higherendinkjet) 2 Web 72ppi 3 Screencapturefixed 72ppi(ScreenShot,ScreenGrabs,PrintScreenonWindows) 4 Presentations 100ppi(UpSampleto100ppiusingImageSizecommand) 5 NewsprintB&W 200ppi 6 NewsprintColor 300ppi 7 PressCMYK 200-300ppi(digitalpressneedslessresolution,ask) 8 PressCMYK 300ppi(oldersheetfeedorwebpress,standardis300ppi) 9 LargeOutputPrint 200-300ppi(askserviceproviderfortheirprinter) 10 Laser Printer 150 ppi 11Scan35mmFilm 300ppi(orashighaspossibleonaFilmScanner) 11LineArtScan 800-1200ppi(nolessthan800,rememberit’sonlytwocolorsB&W). BesuretoselectLineArtontheScanner,NOTGrayscale. Tip:Use“NearestNeighbor”interpolationwithImageSize command to Resample line art. This method will not produce anti-aliasedgeswhenresampled(keepsitB&Wonly).
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Set Resolution with Crop Tool – Easiest Method
Prepare Files for OutputsInkjet, Laser, Web, Email, PresentationsChange The Width, Height, Resolution Using Crop Tool Options Bar
Width 1 Select the crop tool. 2 Typethedesiredwidthintothecroptooloptionsbar(ontop). 3 UsethePresetOptionsontheoptionsbarforsettings.
Height 1 UsethePresetOptionsontheoptionsbarforsettings. 2 Typethedesiredheightintothecroptooloptionsbar(ontop).
Resolution 1 Typethedesiredresolutionintothecroptooloptionsbar(ontop).
Crop Photo to New Width, Height, Resolution 1 Thismethodrequiresthephototobelargeenoughtocropthedesiredsize. 2 Toloosethecropboxandstartover>presstheEscapekey. 3 Don’tlikethenewcroparea>chooseEdit>Undo.
Photo Too Small to Crop with Above Method 1 Imagemenu>Resize>ImageSize. 2 Typeinwidth,height,resolution>clickOK.
Save As the Right File Format & OptionsFile Formats 1 Choose>File>SaveAs 2 Saveadifferentfileforeachusefromtheoriginal. 3 ChoosePhotoshop(.psd)formattokeeplayersfor photos,typeandshape(allowsforadjustments). 4 ChooseJPEG(.jpg)format(flattenslayers). 5 ChooseJPEGoptionsforphotouse: 6 InkjetorLaserPrinting(150-200ppi) .jpg,Quality12,Maximum,BaselineOptimized 7 Web(72ppi) .jpg,Quality5,Medium,BaselineStandard 8 Email(15-200ppitoprint,72ppitoreadonly) .jpg,Quality5,Medium,BaselineStandard 9 Presentations*(Keynote,Powerpoint,etc.) .jpg,Quality5,Medium,BaselineStandard
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Resolution – Fixed Dimensions from Devices
Fixed Capture Dimensions – Digital Camera & Scanner Fixed Resolutions 1 Example:DigitalCamera:1440Widthx960HeightandDEFAULTResolutionpixels/inch.
Fixed Capture Can Be Recalculated – Image Menu > Image Size 1 RecalculationDOESNOTaddorreducenumberofpixels.
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Scanner Resolution Settings
Scan High – Resample Low – Is the Way To Go 1 ScanColorandGrayat300ppi,ScanLineArt1200 ppi.
Scanner Resolution Settings
Turn ONUnsharp Mask FilterDescreening Filterwhen scanning pages thathavealreadybeen printed on a printing press.
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Scale Low Resolution Images Up – Resample
Pixels Can Be Added or Reduced – Process Called Resample 1 ResampleImageCommand>Imagemenu>ImageSize. UpSample(addpixels,addwidthxheight). DownSample(reducepixels,reducewidthxheight). 2 ResampleONEorBOTH–pixelsperinchand/orwidthxheight. 3 Rule–Upsampleorscaleupimagesin(30-50)pixeljumps(threejumpsisbest). Jumptomuchatonce,theimageBLURS,can’tinterpretbigjumpsoftone. 4 Rule–Resampleinchesin(1)inchjumps. 5 ResampleCHECKBOX–MUSTBETURNEDONtoresample(makessense).
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Section 11: Special Topics
1 FillwithTexturePatternfromPatternLibrary2 CreateaCustomFillPattern3 PreparePhotosforWebMadeSimple4 CreateQuickTextures5 CreateFillPattern
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Fill with Texture Pattern from Library
Fill Any Selection – with Default Artistic Texture Pattern 1 MakeaSelection–anyshape,anysize,useanytool. Tip:FillaTransparentLayer. 2 Editmenu>Fill>Pattern>ChoosePattern. 3 Tip:LoadDefaultPatterns>Options>clickAppend(add,keepothers). 4 Tip:makeanotherselectionwithinPattern,thenPasteInto.
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Create a Custom Fill Pattern
Define a Pattern from Any Image Part 1 MakeSelectiontoIsolateAnyPartofImage–anyshape,useanytool. 2 DefineasPattern–Fillmenu>DefinePattern>nameit.3 PatternsStored–inPresetManager>Editmenu>PresetManager. 4 Delete,Save,Load–PatternsinPresetManager. 5 FillCustomPatternintoSelectionorLayer–Editmenu>Fill>Pattern>choosePattern. 6 Tip:selectiondimensions,controlpatternsizeuponfill(experimentwithsize).
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Create Quick Textures
Create Quick Textures 1 Fillalayerwithasolidcolor(opt/alt+delete). •Usetheeyedroppertofindacolorwithinthephoto. 2 ChooseFilter>Noise>AddNoise(20,gaussian,monochromatic). 3 ChooseFilter>RoughPastels.
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Training & Education Materials
Favorite Books – Photoshop OfficialAdobeStudioTechniques:BenWillmore,AdobePress. PhotoshopWowBook:JackDavis,PeachpitPress,$35 PhotoshopTypeMagic:DavidLai,HaydenBooksBooks(severalolderbookspublished) AdobePressEssentialsSeries:Design,Imaging,Production,Web,$40to$53(olderbooks). PhotoshopBookforPhotographers,ScottKelby,NewRiders$39.99 PhotoshopDown&DirtyTricks,ScottKelby PhotoshopRetouchingSecrets:ScottKelby PhotoshopRetouchingSecrets:KatrinEismann http://www.cheapbooks.com
Favorite books – Photography CreativeBlack&WhitePhotography: BernhardSuess,AllWorthPresshttp://www.allworth.com
Favorite books – Design & Color FreshIdeasinBrochureDesign:TerriAlekaander,NorthLightBooks Before&AfterPageDesign:JohnMcWade,PeachpitPress$24.95 Non-Designer’sDesignBook:RobinWilliams,PeachPit$14.95. Non-Designer’sWebBook:RobinWilliams,PeachPit$29.95. GraphicDesignCookbook:LeonardKoren,ChronicleBooks,$14.95 ColorHarmony,AGuidetoCreativeColorCombinations(Verygood) HideakiChijiiwa,NorthLightBooks,$15.95 ColorBytes,BlendingtheArtandScienceofColor, JeanBourges,ChromaticsPress$34.95 Favorite filters – Photoshop AlienSkin:5Stars:Specialeffectsfiltershttp://www.alienskin.com KnockOutUltimatehttp://www.corel.com
Creativity & Expand Your Thinking Power HowtoThinkLikeLeonardodaVinci,SevenStepstoGeniusEveryDay$13.95
Favorite Filters – Illustrator SeveralIllustratorGreatDimensionalTools:CAD,Perspective,VectorStudio,3D-Tiger, www.hotdoor.com888.236.9540,knock@hotdoor.com
Fonts & Font Management Fontsmanagement:ExtensisSuitcase:http://www.extensis.com AdobeTypeLibrary:review,research,seelivetypeby:Theme,Style,Use,Classification http://store.adobe.com/type/index.html
Magazineshttp://www.photoshopuser.comhttp://www.createmagazine.com
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National Association of Photoshop Professionalshttp://www.photoshopuser.com–NAPPmembersreceivePhotoshopmagazine.
Great Photographers
Mark HarrisNature&AwardWinningPhotojournalisthttp://www.markharrisphoto.com
Nick KelshDayinLifeofChina,BabyBooksandmore.http://www.kelsh.com
Bill Bachmann – Kodak 70 Country Tourhttp://www.billbachmann.com
Take Great Photo Lessonshttp://www.olympusamerica.com > digital cameras > Learn tabhttp://www.webphotoschool.com>DivisionofPhotoflexStudioLightingEquipmenthttp://www.photoflexlightingschool.com > Studio Lighting Techniques
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