Additional notes parts & functions of a computer

Parts & Functions of a Computer

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Functions of a Computer

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Binary Communication Between Hardware and Software

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PC Hardware Components

• Outside computer case: input/output devices

• Inside the case: processing and storage– CPU – most important component

• Requirements of a hardware device– Method for CPU to communicate with it

– Software to instruct and control it

– Electricity to power it

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Hardware Used for Input and Output

• Connects to computer case by ports (eg, serial, parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse)

• Popular input devices:– Keyboard– Mouse

• Popular output devices:– Monitor– Printer

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PortsPhysical Interface between a computer and another computers or devices

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Input Devices

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Output Devices

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Hardware Inside the Case

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Motherboard Components

• Processing– CPU (most important)– Chip set

• Temporary storage– RAM– Cache memory

• Electrical system– Power supply connections

• Communication with other devices– Traces– Expansion slots– System clock

• Programming/setup data– Flash ROM– CMOS setup chip

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The Motherboard

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The Motherboard (continued)

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The CPU

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The Chip Set

• Controls most activities on the motherboard

• Includes several device controllers

– USB controller

– Memory controller

– IDE controller

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The Chip Set (continued)

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Storage Devices

• Temporary (primary storage, or memory)

– Temporarily holds data and instructions while processing them

– Faster to access than permanent storage

• Permanent (secondary storage)

– Data and instructions must be copied into

primary storage (RAM) for processing

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Primary and Secondary Storage

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Primary Storage Devices

• Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and other circuit boards

– Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory

• Types of boards that hold memory chips

– SIMMs

– DIMMs

– RIMMs

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RAM Chips

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Types of RAM Modules

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Secondary Storage Devices

• Hard drives

• CD-ROM drives

• DVD drives

• Zip drives

• Floppy drives

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Hard Drive

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EIDE Technology

• Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives

• Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on one system

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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard

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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard (continued)

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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard

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Hard Drive’s Power Supply

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Floppy Drive Connection

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Floppy Drive Connection (continued)

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CD-ROM Drive Connection

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Motherboard Components Used for Communication Among Devices

• The data bus

– bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components inside a computer or between computers

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Data Bus

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System ClockClosely related to system time is process time, which is a count of the total CPU time consumed by an executing process.

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Clock Speed

• Of motherboard

– Measured in megahertz (MHz)

• Of CPU

– Measured in gigahertz (GHz)

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Expansion Slots

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Types of Expansion Slots

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Interface (Expansion) Cards

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Interface (Expansion) Cards (continued)

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The Electrical System

• Power supply

– Most important component of computer’s electrical system

– Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the computer can handle

– Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage to cool inside of computer case

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The Electrical System (continued)

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The Electrical System (continued)

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Instructions Stored on the Motherboard

• ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM)

– System BIOS

– Startup BIOS

– CMOS setup

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ROM BIOS Chip

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Motherboard Configuration Settings

• CMOS chip

– Stores setup (configuration) information

– Powered by a battery on motherboard when power is off

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Summary

• Introduction to hardware components of a computer system

• Initial insight into how hardware works