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Presented at the Association of Contingency Planners (ACP), Baltimore Chapter in March 2013.
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Preventing an Active Shooter
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March 2013
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INTRODUCTIONS
HOMELAND SECURITY & EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
TODD JASPER, MSCP, CCM
TODD JASPERAssociate Director
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PREVENTION
First, let’s start with an experiment...
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PREVENTION
What is your stereotype of an active shooter?
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MYTHS
Grades? Work performance?
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MYTHS
Loner?
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MYTHS
History of Mental Illness?
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MYTHS
Broken families? Trouble at home?
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MYTHS
Active shooters just snap
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MYTHS
If they do plan their attack, they do so in secret
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MYTHS
There are no warning signs for an active shooter
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MYTHS
However...
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PREVENTION
A study by the US Secret Service and the US Department of Education examined school shootings and made some startling discoveries.
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PREVENTION
A study by the US Secret Service produced the following findings:
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• There is no accurate or useful “profile” of students who engaged in active shooter incidents
?
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PREVENTION
A study by the US Secret Service produced the following findings:
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• Most school shooters come from two-parent families
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PREVENTION
A study by the US Secret Service produced the following findings:
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• Have good grades (only 5% of violent students receive failing grades)
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PREVENTION
A study by the US Secret Service produced the following findings:
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• Only a third of school shooters were characterized as “loners”
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PREVENTION
A study by the US Secret Service produced the following findings:
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• Fewer than one-fifth of school shooters had been diagnosed with mental health or behavior disorder prior to the attack
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PREVENTION
A study by the US Secret Service produced the following findings:
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• In over 80% of school attacks, the attacker told at least one person about his plans.
• In close to 60% of school attacks, the attacker told more than one person about his plans.
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PREVENTION
A study by the US Secret Service produced the following findings:
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• Over 90% of school attackers exhibit warning signs
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PREVENTION
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90%
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ACTIVE SHOOTER PREVENTION
What does this mean?
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PREVENTION
Is it possible to prevent an active shooter?
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If 90% of active shooters exhibit some behavior or present signs that
indicate they may become violent, we can prevent active shooters
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PREVENTION
Research by the US Secret Service found that:
• 93% of active shooters exhibited behavior prior to the shooting that signaled their intent
• 95% of shooters planned the attack for more than 2 days
• In nearly two thirds of attacks, more than one person had information about the attack before it occurred
• Over 90% of attackers engage in some behavior prior to the attack that cause others–school officials, parents, teachers, police, fellow students–to be concerned
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PREVENTION
Essentially, preventing an active shooter encompasses two activities (not very complicated)
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PREVENTION
Essentially, preventing an active shooter encompasses two activities (not very complicated)
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PREVENTION
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WARNING
SIGN
AWARENESS
PREVENTION
PROMPT
REPORTING
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PREVENTION
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Active shooters are a very serious subject. Reporting someone who may become an active shooter is inherently stressful.
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PREVENTION
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What other reasons might someone be reluctant to report someone?
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PREVENTION
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To be more confident in identifying who might become violent, it is important to know the warning signs.
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WARNING SIGNS
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In 2011, the FBI assembled 15 warning signs that someone may become violent or become an active shooter.
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WARNING SIGNS
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Leakage: boasts, predictions, and subtle threats; stories, essays, poems, and pictures; violent fantasies; and interest in violent video games, movies, and books
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WARNING SIGNS
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Depression, anger, impulsive and uncontrollable behavior
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WARNING SIGNS
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Poor coping skills
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WARNING SIGNS
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Low frustration tolerance
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WARNING SIGNS
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Grudges, lack of resiliency
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WARNING SIGNS
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“Us against them” mentality, narcissism
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WARNING SIGNS
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Boastfulness about weapons, abusive language
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WARNING SIGNS
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Suicidal ideation, wishes of death, desire to kill others
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WARNING SIGNS
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Delusions, hallucinations, bizarre thoughts
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WARNING SIGNS
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History of physical assault
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WARNING SIGNS
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Perpetrator or victim of bullying
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WARNING SIGNS
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Substance abuse
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WARNING SIGNS
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Rebellion against authority
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WARNING SIGNS
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Isolated, withdrawn, fatigued
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Can you spot an potential violent person?
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RESPONSE
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HOW TO RESPOND TO AN ACTIVE SHOOTER INCIDENT
1. EVACUATE 2. HIDE 3. TAKE ACTION
CALL 911 WHEN IT IS SAFE TO DO SO
• Have an escape route and plan in mind
• Leave your belongings behind
• Keep your hands visible
• Hide in an area out of the shooter’s view
• Block entry to your hiding place and lock the doors
• Silence your cell phone and any other device that might draw attention
As a last resort and only when your life is in immediate danger:
• Attempt to incapacitate the shooter
• Acting as a team, use physical aggression and throw items at the shooter
Active ShooterPrevention & Response
Pocket Card
Office of the Vice President and General Counsel
JANUARY 2013
Faculty, staff or students who have a concern about a student should report that concern by fi l l ing out and submitting the Student Behavior Incident Report Form online at:
www.csmd.edu/BRT
Or, call the office of the Vice President of Student and Instructional Support Services at 301-934-7509.
Serious life and safety concerns should be immediately reported by calling 911 or by contacting the CSM Department of Public Safety and Preparedness by calling 301-934-7888.
CSM BEHAVIORAL REVIEW TEAM (BRT) REPORTING PROCESS
ACTIVE SHOOTER PREVENTION-- WARNING SIGNS
• Leakage: boasts, predictions, and subtle threats; stories, essays, poems, and pictures; violent fantasies; and interest in violent media
• Depression, anger, impulsive/uncontrollable behavior
• Poor coping skills
• Low frustration tolerance
• Grudges, lack of resiliency
• “Us against them” mentality, narcissism
• Boastfulness about weapons, abusive language
• Suicidal ideation, wishes of death, desire to kill others
• Delusions, hallucinations, bizarre thoughts
• History of physical assault
• Perpetrator or victim of bullying
• Substance abuse
• Rebellion against authority
• Isolated, withdrawn, fatigued
If you observe any of these signs, please
contact the CSM Behavioral Review
Team (BRT) IMMEDIATELY!
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BEHAVIORAL REVIEW TEAM
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What is the BRT?
• A Behavioral Review Team (BRT) is a team of professionals from across disciplines to review cases and to recommend responses and interventions for instances when student behavior causes concern.
• The BRT is NOT punitive in any way. Reporting behavior to the BRT is not a punishment.
• The BRT is specially trained to evaluate student behavior, warning signs, and the context of concerning behavior to determine if a greater threat to safety exists.
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MENTAL HEALTH FIRST AID
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•Mental Health First Aid training course designed to give members of the public key skills to help someone who is developing a mental health problem or experiencing a mental health crisis.
•Just as CPR training helps a layperson without medical training assist an individual following a heart attack, Mental Health First Aid training helps a layperson assist someone experiencing a mental health crisis
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•More training and exercises
•Regular updates on reporting procedures and familiarization with the BRT and Mental Health First Aid
•More outreach to workplace personnel on how to identify if a colleague may be showing symptoms of a deeper problem and how to report warning signs.
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WHAT’S NEXT?
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