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CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Acadiana Flow Measurement School
DP Cone Meter Paul Reynolds
Cameron Measurement
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
• Theory of Operation
• Construction
• Specifications
• Applications
• Bi-Directional meters and test results
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Theory of Operation
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Theory of Operation
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
NuFlo Cone Flow Equation
)(
_
.
12
4
)(
4
22
testingfromtcoefficienflowCdensity
pressurealdifferentiPconversiong
ratiobetadiameterpipeD
where
CPDgQ
d
Gravityc
dc
===∆===
∆−
=
ρ
β
ββ
ρπ
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Generic Cone Meter Beta Ratio
D
d
2
2
Dd1−=β
A1
NuFlo Cone
d
D
A1 = A2
A2A1
orificeorifice2
2
Dd1−=β Dd
=β
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Generic Beta RatioOrifice Plate
AAmin
=β
Dd
=βdD A2
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Generic Cone Meter Beta Ratio• Standard Beta (β) range:
0.45 0.85
ToTo
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Cone Styles (Weld Neck)
Smooth Flow Entry With NoWeld Bead (prevents jetting)
Internal Honed surfaceInternal Honed surface
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Honing Of A Cone (Weld Neck)Safety Guard Removed for Video
Smooth Flow Entry With NoWeld Bead (prevents jetting)
Weld Finish and Tube Surface Finishing Some Manufacturers Only
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Typical Honed Meter
Honed Cone Meter Body & Cone + gusset supports at the rear
6 inch Honed Cone Meter Body
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Cone Construction with Rear Gusset Support
Gussets
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Vortex Shedding Noise on ∆P Orifice Plate
Recirculation Zone
Differential Pressure
Pressure Loss
Theoretical point of measure
Causes Pulsation on DP
∆ P
Downstream Pressure Field Fluctuations = Transmitter AveragiDownstream Pressure Field Fluctuations = Transmitter Averaging ng
Orifice Plate :Orifice Plate :--
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Downstream Pressure Field Downstream Pressure Field FluctuationsFluctuations
Orifice Meter :-Typical Large Amplitude L.F. Downstream Vortices
1 ” W.C.
Oscilloscope ViewOscilloscope View
Orifice Meter
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Low Noise Low Noise ∆∆ P SignalP Signal
Boundary LayersBoundary Layers
FlowFlow
∆∆ PPHigh Frequency Low Amplitude and Low Noise DP Signal @ Appx 1/10”W.C.
1/10” W.C.
β EDGE
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
1/10” W.C.
Oscilloscope ViewOscilloscope View
NuFlo Cone Meter
Downstream Pressure Field Downstream Pressure Field FluctuationsFluctuations
NuFlo Cone Meter :- Typical Low Amplitude H.F. Downstream Vortices
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
CFDCFD
Fluid Linearization and Interaction in the Meter Throat
Fluid Flow Common - Velocity
Fluid Velocity Interaction
Computational Fluid Dynamics
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Wake Region (Lt) after the Cone Support Shortened by Fluid Linerization and pressure reduction in the Throat of the Meter
Lt
FlowProfile
Wake Wake
Cone Wake Region
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Side View Showing Upstream Velocity Vectors
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
5-6 Cone Diameters Wake WakeWakeRecovery
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
NuFlo Cone Meter NuFlo Cone Meter –– Specifications Specifications
• Fluids: Liquids, Gasses, Vapors
• Meter Orientation: Horizontal or Vertical
• Tap Location:
– Liquids:
– Gasses:
– Vertical Applications: “Any Orientation”
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Coefficient of Discharge
Cone meter must be calibrated to obtain a CD for each cone meter unit.
– Calibrated CD is useful for the customer because it:
• Offers Traceability for the accuracy • And Guarantees Performance
– Each meter will have a unique CD
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
NuFlo Cone Meter NuFlo Cone Meter -- SystemsSystems
•Weld Neck Flanges
•RTJ Flanges
•Slip On
•Tube Design (Flange-less)
•Welded Construction ½“ and up
•Carbon, Stainless, or Duplex Stainless Steel
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Applications
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
NuFlo Cone Meter Focus Markets
• Oil & Gas Applications
– Anti-Surge– Water injection – Crude Oil Burners– Flare Extinguishing System– Fuel Gas– Gas Lift– Gas re-injection
– Seawater Pump– Separator Gas Outlet– Subsea-Booster – Test separator– Gas Transmission– Leak Check – Wet gas – Steam
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
NuFlo Cone Meter Focus Markets
• Water & Wastewater
– Transmission Lines– Pump Stations– Rate-of-flow Controller– Aeration Basins– Wastewater Effluent– Digester Gas
• Chemical / Refining/ Refining
– Compound Blending Systems
– Process– Product– Tank-Car Loading– Marine Tanker– Steam
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Focused Applications (Oil & Gas)Focused Applications (Oil & Gas)
• Test / Production Separator (Gas & Water)
• Anti-Surge (Compressor)• Sub-Sea Well Head• Allocation (Gas)• Injection
• Two Phase (Steam)(On-Going Research USA)
• Slug Detection• Fiscal / Custody• Wet Gas• Coal Bed Methane
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
• Oil & Gas: “ Wet Gas.”– Previous meter: orifice plates venturis– Problem: wear, liquid hold up– Cone Meter: – Self-Cleaning– Lockart Martenelli Correlations
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Steam Management System To Gauging Facility
Control
Observation WellSteam Injection Production System
Steam Generator
OilWaterSteam
Acme Steam Gen
Vapor Recovery
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
3 Separator
Water Turbine MeterWater Turbine Meter
Oil Turbine Meter Oil Turbine Meter
Gas ProcessingGas Processing
Fiscal Oil ProcessingFiscal Oil Processing
DumpDump
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
DP Cone Test Separator ArrangementDP Cone Test Separator Arrangement
PRODUCTIONMANIFOLD
Chemical Injection
DP CHOKE
EXPORTCHROMATOGRAPH
PI TI ~
~~
~~
TESTMANIFOLD
Chemical Injection
CHOKE
GAS EXPORT
~DP
PI TIQ
M
Cone Meter
LIQUID SAMPLE
GAS SAMPLE
M
Oil Export
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Compressor Anti-Surge Control
Control Valve Open Close < 0.5 sec
Anti Surge ControlAnti Surge Control
DCS DCS
CompressorCompressor
valvevalve
Cone MeterCone Meter
Flow
Q From wells
Change in Flow-rate
Reflected in feedback loop
QB
QC
QA
100%Duty
QA = QBQC = δQ = 100% Duty Cycle
Example: QA = 70% Flow QB = 70%Flow Feed Back Loop QC= 30 % (ie 70 +30 =100%)
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Compressor Anti-Surge Control
FROM WELLS CONTROL VALVE Recirculation FlowWell Flow Valve change in < 0.5 SecondsLines
A 10%20.00%
B 5%
C 30%
D 10%output flow 80%
E 15% Cone A+B+C+D+E+Fto Injection or Pipeline System
F 10% 100 % Flow Through-put Rotating speed = Near ConstantCOMPRESSOR
Input flow = 80% of max compressor rating A+B+C+D+ E+F
What goes in = What goes out
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Bi-Directional Allocation Cone Meter Application
∆P
SP
∆P
SP
Gas Flow To & From Pipeline (Via-De-Hydrator)
Gas Flow To & From Storage Wells (Gas May Be Wet)
2 X 6 inch Cone Meters
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Bi-directional Flow Meter Methodology
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Application Specifics
•Bi-Directional Natural Gas Flow Measurement in and out of Under ground storage domes.• High pressure requiring ANSI 2500# Flanges • Accuracy of better than 2%• Cost effective• Less effected by trash and liquids
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Reasons to use the Cone meter• Meter is easily manufactured with ANSI 2500# flange• Cost of Two meters is lower than a single gas UFM• Attributes of meter allow for minimum upstream piping• Accuracy of up to 0.5% of Span better than required
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
6 inch Ultrasonic Meter Secure Custody Area
Pictures shows one the Gas Ultrasonic Master meter as shown in the illustration a few slide back.
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Bi- Directional Cone Meters
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Gas Proving• Comparisons with proving with water and gas has shown that the
CD can be as much as 1 to 2% different. • To have the meters accuracy meet the 0.5% accuracy the meter
should be proved in a Gas calibration facility.• CEESI of Iowa was chosen because of it capability of high pressure • CEESI Iowa Lab has a uncertainty in flow rate indicated in their
standards is estimated to be +/- 0.23% of reading to 95% confidence.
• Their lab is traceable to NIST Standards• What follows is results of the provings and real field results
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Results
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Results
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Results
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Results
CMS Copyright Jan2009
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Questions ?
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