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In your opinion: How In your opinion: How can a leader can a leader abuseabuse his his
or her powers? or her powers?
What are examples?What are examples?
Think, Write & Prepare Think, Write & Prepare to Discussto Discuss
BackgroundBackgroundDuring the Reformation, the Catholic During the Reformation, the Catholic
church started to lose power in Europe.church started to lose power in Europe.
Monarchs filled that power and began Monarchs filled that power and began to control their countries with absolute to control their countries with absolute control.control.
So….what is “Absolutism”?So….what is “Absolutism”?Absolute monarch: King or queen Absolute monarch: King or queen
with complete control. Hold all with complete control. Hold all power.power.
Leaders wanted to free themselves Leaders wanted to free themselves from the limits imposed by the from the limits imposed by the nobility and government bodies.nobility and government bodies.
Some believe in “divine right” (idea Some believe in “divine right” (idea that a ruler receives the right to rule that a ruler receives the right to rule from God).from God).
RussiaRussia Ivan the TerribleIvan the Terrible
1533 – became 1533 – became king at 3 years king at 3 years oldold
After his wife, After his wife, Anastasia, died, Anastasia, died, his rule turned his rule turned harsh.harsh.
Used secret Used secret police to hunt police to hunt down enemies down enemies and kill them. and kill them. Even murdered Even murdered his oldest son.his oldest son.
RussiaRussia Peter the GreatPeter the Great
Late 1600s – “Czar”: Late 1600s – “Czar”: leader of Russialeader of Russia
““Great” because he Great” because he modernized Russia.modernized Russia.
To meet his goals, he To meet his goals, he increased his powers to increased his powers to force people to make force people to make changes he wanted: Put changes he wanted: Put Russian Orthodox Russian Orthodox Church under his control. Church under his control. Reduced power of the Reduced power of the nobles. Built up army.nobles. Built up army.
SpainSpain
King Philip IIKing Philip II15561556
Expands power Expands power by also taking by also taking control of control of Portugal.Portugal.
Controlled lives Controlled lives of peopleof people
Believes his Believes his power comes power comes from God.from God.
FranceFrance King Louis XIVKing Louis XIV
1643 – became 1643 – became king at age 4. (A king at age 4. (A Cardinal ruled Cardinal ruled for him until he for him until he was 22).was 22).
Total control of Total control of FranceFrance
Determined to Determined to never let nobles never let nobles challenge him – challenge him – he kept them out he kept them out of government.of government.
France became France became most powerful most powerful nation in Europe.nation in Europe.
The Thirty Years WarThe Thirty Years War1618-16481618-1648Germany divided between Catholic Germany divided between Catholic
and Protestantand Protestant
France (a Catholic country) helps the France (a Catholic country) helps the German PROTESTANTS because it German PROTESTANTS because it fears Germany will become too strong.fears Germany will become too strong.
Result of warResult of warGermany suffers: 4 million people diedGermany suffers: 4 million people died
Economy in ruins / 200 years to recoverEconomy in ruins / 200 years to recover
France gains German territoryFrance gains German territory
Austria, Austria, Hungary Hungary
& & BohemiaBohemia
Maria TheresaMaria TheresaMid 1700s – Mid 1700s –
becomes becomes EmpressEmpress
Increased Increased her power & her power & reduced reduced power of the power of the noblesnobles
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