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Aaron SalzbergSpecial Coordinator for Water Resources
International Water IssuesAn overview
U.S. Department of StateCreating a more secure, democratic, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community.
Water and Health
over 800 million people lack access to safe water
over 2 billion people lack access to sanitation
Over 1 billion ill per year
Approximately 1.8-5 million deaths per year
6,000 per day
Most children under 5
Water and Health
Over 1 billion ill per year
Approximately 1.8-5 million deaths per year
6,000 per day
Most children under 5
WSH Deaths/1000 people
global child deaths by cause
Water and Food
Global Water Use
Population in will rise 71%Demand for grain will increase 45%
Demand for beef will rise 91%
Increasing Demand in Sub Saharan Africa
arable land is decreasing
Vulnerable Land
Water and Energy
Water – Energy Nexus
Hydropower Development
The water cost of energy
Water and the Environment
Lake Chad
1972 2007
Aral Sea
1973 2004
Freshwater species declining
Hypoxic zones increasing
Water and Economic Growth
Zimbabwe
Ethiopia
water storage
Water Storage Per Person (cubic meters)
Water and Natural Disasters
Water Disasters
Vulnerability to Disasters
Water, Peace and Security(I.e., Water Wars)
over 40% of the world lives in a shared basin
water stress by international basin
Basins at Risk
the future
1990202020502070
Water availability
climate change impacts
Increasing hydrological variability
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007
2025: over 1 billion people will face absolute water scarcity
Basic Human Need / Dignity
Food/Energy Security
Economic growth, Poverty reduction, and the Environment
Conflict prevention
Build trust and promote cooperation
Democracy Building
why water matters
During the next 10 years, many countries important to the United States will experience
water problems—shortages, poor water quality, or floods—that will risk instability and
state failure, increase regional tensions, and distract them from working with the United
States on important US policy objectives. Between now and 2040, fresh water availability
will not keep up with demand absent more effective management of water resources.
Water problems will hinder the ability of key countries to produce food and generate energy,
posing a risk to global food markets and hobbling economic growth.
what are we doing
U.S. Goals/Objectives
U.S. Department of StateCreating a more secure, democratic, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community.
• Increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation
• Improve water resources management
• Increase the productivity of water resources
• Mitigate tensions associated with shared waters
www.state.gov/g/oes/water
U.S. Approach
U.S. Department of StateCreating a more secure, democratic, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community.
• Capacity building, institutional strengthening, and regulatory policy reform
• Diplomatic engagement
• Direct investment
• Investments in S&T
• Working in Partnershipwww.state.gov/g/oes/water
Partnerships
U.S. Department of StateCreating a more secure, democratic, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community.
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