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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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7/31/2019 A study of trace metals in the surface microlayer - PhD 2011 - Matthew R Jones
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5,* Lj lwt gltthbvcg fredwlhj lj tsrfedc pewcrt lw dej oc stcg et e whhb
fhr ljfcrrlj` ewkhtqncrld gcqhtlwlhj ew wnc tsrfedc kldrhbe|cr .Kcetsrct ejg Vlji" ?111,*
Gltthbvcg ebskljlsk dhjdcjwrewlhjt erc ebth nl`nb| gcqcjgejw hf wnc qN hf wnc pewcr" plwn e
gcdrcetlj` qN ljdrcetlj` wnc gltthbvcg fredwlhj ejg lwt qhwcjwleb fhr wh~ldlw| .Nevcjt ejg Ncewn"
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Et pcbb et wnc kcdnejltk hf qnhwhdnckldebb| qrhgsdcg tsqcrh~lgc lj wnc rcgsdwlhj hf
h~lgltcg kcwebt" wncrc lt ebth e glrcdw qnhwhdnckldeb rcedwlhj ljlwlewlj` e bl`ejg wh kcweb dner`c
wrejtfcr .BKDW, .Cusewlhj 5*1
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Et pcbb et eolhwld qrhgsdwlhj wncrc lt ebth olhbh`ldeb qrhgsdwlhj hf n|grh`cj qcrh~lgc
.Vcrklb|ce cw eb*" ?1519 \sej ejg Tnlbbcr" ?117,9 wnlt lt khrc lkqhrwejw lj wnc geri o| iccqlj` e
twceg| twewc dhjdcjwrewlhj qrctcjw* Frhk kcetsrckcjwt hf qnhwhdnckldeb qrhgsdwlhj lj dhetweb
kerljc pewcrt" H'Tsbblvej cw eb* .?113, fhsjg wnew wnc kemhrlw| hf n|grh`cj qcrh~lgc qrhgsdwlhj
hddsrrcg ew pevcbcj`wnt bctt wnej 471 jk" wnc fer SVE ejg SVO rej`c" ohwn hf pnldn erc
kljlkebb| ewwcjsewcg ew wnc kldrhbe|cr .Qbejc cw eb*" 5,* Wnc qrlker| thsrdc hf h}hjc wh wnc kldrhbe|cr lt wnrhs`n gr| gcqhtlwlhj
.@erbejg cw eb*" 51,* H}hjc plbb jhw glrcdwb| h~lgltc wredc kcwebt gsc wh lwt rcedwlvlw| plwn
nebh`cjt" orhklgc ejg dnbhrlgc .@r`srld cw eb*" 5
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ejg 1*6> qqo qcr |cer .Bcblcvcbg cw eb*" ?117," ej| ljdrcetc lj gcqhtlwlhj ew wnc tsrfedc
kldrhbe|cr ke| ebth ljdrcetc wnc rcgh~ edwlvlw| hf wredc kcwebt* Wnc qrcfcrcjwleb h}hjc
tdevcj`lj` lj dlrdsk+jcswreb" bhp lhjld pewcrt lt o| hr`ejld kewcrleb ejg bcegt wh wnc h~lgewlhj
hf wnc hr`ejld kewcrleb ejg wnc fhrkewlhj hf ej h}hjlgc regldeb .Cusewlhj 5*54, .vhj @sjwcj"
?114,*
))) 44 HJHKJHKH Cuj* 5*54
H}hjc rcedwlvlw| plwn wnc dhjtwlwscjwt hf pewcr ocdhkct ljnlolwcg pncj wnc rctsbwejw
qrhgsdwt gh jhw blocrewc fsrwncr tsqcrh~lgc" rctsbwejw qrhgsdwt dej ljdbsgc fredwlhjt hf hr`ejld
kewcrleb ejg derohjewc(olderohjewc .Os~whj cw eb*" 5>,* Ew qN : > wnc h}hjlgc plbb
gltetthdlewc wh frcc+h~|`cj ejg gl+h~|`cj .Cusewlhj 5*57, plwn wnc frcc+h~|`cj rcedwlj` plwn
pewcr wh fhrk e n|grh~lgc regldeb ejg lhj .Cusewlhj 5*53, .vhj @sjwcj" ?114,*
?4 HHH ) Cuj* 5*57
)) HNHNHNH ? Cuj* 5*53
Nhpcvcr" wnc kelj kcdnejltk hf h}hjc gcdhkqhtlwlhj .ljlwlewlhj rcedwlhjt, lt o|
n|grh~lgc lhj ljlwlewcg gcdhkqhtlwlhj .Pcltt" 5, .Olcbtil" 59 vhj @sjwcj" ?114,*
????? HHNHNH ))
Cuj* 5*5>
Ohwn n|grh`cj qcrh~lgc ejg tsqcrh~lgc dej tcw sq rcgh~ d|dbct plwn wredc kcwebt et tnhpjqrcvlhstb|*
Wnctc ljlwlewlhj rcedwlhjt erc lkqhrwejw lj tcepewcr ejg eohvc jcswreb beic pewcrt gsc wh
wnc ljdrcetcg qN* Wnc qrhgsdwt hf h}hjc gcdhkqhtlwlhj" n|grh`cj qcrh~lgc ejg lwt qrcdsrthr"
tsqcrh~lgc" plbb oc ljvhbvcg lj rcgh~ d|dbct hf wredc kcwebt" tsdn et lrhj* Wnc tsqcrh~lgc lt wnc
ljlwlewhr lj wnc qrhgsdwlhj hf n|grh`cj qcrh~lgc" ejg edwt et ohwn ej h~lgejw ejg rcgsdwejw lj wnc
rcgh~ d|dblj` hf thbsobc wredc kcwebt* Wncrc lt e tderdlw| hf ljfhrkewlhj rc`erglj` wnc cffcdw hfh}hjc ejg wnc qrhgsdwt lw fhrkt hj wnc d|dblj` hf wredc kcwebt plwnlj ej cjvlrhjkcjweb
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wnc ijhpj qnhwhdnckldeb rcedwlhjt plwn hr`ejld kewcrleb" bceglj` wh wnc fhrkewlhj hf _HT" dej
oc stcg et e khgcbblj` dhjtwrsdw* Wnlt khgcb dej wncj oc stcg wh ljwcrqrcw rctsbwt frhk plwnlj e
beohrewhr| twsg| kcetsrlj` wnc qrhgsdwlhj ejg d|dblj` hf _HT ejg qhwcjwlebb| rcgsdcg lrhj*
5*1< Wnc _ctcerdn _cvltlwcg
Wnc ohg| hf phri rcbewlj` wh wredc kcwebt lj jewsreb euschst kcgle lt jhw c~nestwlvc osw
lw lt ber`c* Tljdc 51" wncrc net occj bctt wnej ?4 qsobltncg phrit hj wredc kcwebt lj wnc
tsrfedc kldrhbe|cr" thkc osw jhw ebb hf wnc kcetsrcg rctsbwt erc lj wnc Eqqcjgldct" Weobc E5*15*
Wnlt phri elkt wh c~qejg wnc ijhpbcg`c hf wnc d|dblj` hf _HT ejg wredc kcwebt" ctqcdlebb| lrhj
lj jhw hjb| wnc kldrhbe|cr osw ebth lj wnc bedstwrljc ejg kerljc cjvlrhjkcjwt* Fl`src 5*15
tnhpt e dhjdcqwseb khgcb hf wnc thsrdct ejg dhjwrhbblj` ljfbscjdct hf _HT ejg kcwebt lj wnc
tsrfedc kldrhbe|cr* Dneqwcr ? hf wnlt phri" lj qerw" gcwelbt wnc phri hj wnc tcw+sq hf ej
ljgsdwlvcb| dhsqbcg qbetke kett tqcdwrhkcwcr .LDQ+KT, fhr wnc kcetsrckcjw hf wnc gltthbvcg
fredwlhj" frhk plwnlj frctnpewcr tekqbct" plwn nl`n whweb gltthbvcg thblg bheglj`t" ejg fhr wnc
kcetsrckcjw hf kej`ejctc ejg whweb lrhj frhk plwnlj tcepewcr* Wnc c~qcrlkcjweb phri
kcetsrct n|grh`cj qcrh~lgc ejg Fc.LL, stlj` e fbhp ljmcdwlhj ejeb|tlt dncklbskljctdcjdc
t|twck plwn bskljhb* Wnc ejeb|wct pcrc kcetsrcg usetl+tlksbwejchstb| ew ?? t ljwcrvebt stlj` e
gseb+ejeb|wc tcw sq9 wnc gcvcbhqkcjw hf wnlt kcwnhg lt lj Dneqwcr 4*
Wnc flcbgphri .Dneqwcr 7, fhbbhpt wnc gcvcbhqkcjw hf gltthbvcg wredc kcwebt plwnlj wnc
kldrhbe|cr ejg sjgcrb|lj` pewcr wnrhs`n wnc tcethjeb d|dbc hf e beic* Et e ksbwl+cbckcjw
eqqrhedn wnc ejeb|tct hf wnctc tekqbct lt o| wnc LDQ+KT* Ohwn wnc dhjdcjwrewlhjt ejg
debdsbewcg cjrldnkcjw fedwhrt erc stcg wh gltdstt wnc rcbewlhjtnlqt ocwpccj wnc gltthbvcg qnetct
hf wnc rcbcvejw kcwebt* Wnc rctsbw frhk wnlt flcbgphri lt sjlusc lj rcbewlhjtnlq wh kldrhbe|cr
rctcerdn*
Wnc rcbewlhjtnlq ocwpccj n|grh`cj qcrh~lgc ejg Fc.LL, plwnlj wnc kldrhbe|cr lt
gcvcbhqcg fsrwncr* Wnlt phri cjwelbt wnrcc tcwt hf c~qcrlkcjwt= l, Wnc egglwlhj hf erwlfldleb
qerwldsbewc qnetct hf ebskljlsk" kej`ejctc ejg lrhj wh qnhwhdnckldebb| edwlvc khgcb kerljc
kldrhbe|cr t|twckt9 ll, wnc cffcdw hf glffcrcjw lrreglewlj` pevcbcj`wnt hj qrhgsdwlhj ejg bhtt hf
n|grh`cj qcrh~lgc ejg Fc.LL, ejg lll, wnc effcdw hf ewkhtqncrld h}hjc dhjdcjwrewlhjt hj
n|grh`cj qcrh~lgc ejg Fc.LL,* C~qcrlkcjweb phri dhjtlgcrt wnc khgcb kerljc kldrhbe|crt hvcr
e tnhrw+wcrk .2 5 nhsr,*
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Fl`src 5*15* Dhjdcqwseb khgcb hf wnc thsrdct ejg dhjwrhbblj` ljfbscjdct hf _HT ejg kcwebt ljwnc tsrfedc kldrhbe|cr* QHD qerwldsbewc hr`ejld derohj9 GHK gltthbvcg hr`ejld kewwcr*
Plwn rctqcdw wh Fl`src 5*15 wncrc lt hjc fedwhr pnldn dhjwrhbt wnc dhkqhtlwlhj hf wnc
kldrhbe|cr" hr`ejld kewcrleb" ejg wnrcc fedwhrt pnldn ke| dhjwrhb wnc d|dblj` hf _HT ejg
gltthbvcg wredc kcwebt lj wnc TKB" qerwldsbewct" bl`nw ejg H4* Wnlt wnctlt plbb dhjtlgcr cedn
tcqerewcb| sjgcr tqcdlfld phrilj` n|qhwnctltct= l, Dej wnc tcethjeb qrh`rcttlhj hf olhbh`| lj e
beic t|twck cffcdw dnej`ct wh wnc dhjdcjwrewlhj ejg cjrldnkcjwt hf gltthbvcg wredc kcwebt lj wncTKB9 ll, Plbb wnc egglwlhj hf ej erwlfldleb qerwldsbewc effcdw wnc d|dblj` hf Fc.LL, ejg _HT lj e
qnhwhdnckldebb| edwlvc khgcb TKB" ejg plbb wnlt t|twck edw wh rcgsdc frhk wnc qerwldsbewc
qnetc thbsobc lhjt hf lrhj hr kej`ejctc9 lll, Wh kcetsrc wnc c~wcjw dnej`ct lj lrreglewlj`
rc`lkc net hj wnc iljcwldt hf Fc.LL, ejg _HT9 lv, Ghct ewkhtqncrld H4 qrhgsdc ejg lt wncrc e
tsotcuscjw d|dblj` hf" _HT ejg lrhj plwnlj e khgcb TKB*
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Wnlt dneqwcr ljwrhgsdct wnc beohrewhr| qrhwhdhbt stcg gsrlj` petnlj` ejg nejgblj`
cuslqkcjw* Lw ebth gctdrloct wnc ljgsdwlvcb| dhsqbcg qbetke .LDQ, wcdnjlusct stcg fhr wnc
ejeb|tlt hf frctn .Dneqwcr 7, ejg tcepewcr .Dneqwcrt 3 0, tekqbct* Lw wncj dhjwljsct plwn ej
c~qbejewlhj hf wnc wcdnjlusct stcg fhr wnc ejeb|tlt hf ejdlbber| tekqbct fhr wnc orhegpewcr phri
.Dneqwcr 7,* Wnc gcvcbhqkcjw hf wnc fbhp ljmcdwlhj ejeb|tlt dncklbskljctdcjdc .FLE+Db,
t|twck stlj` bskljhb lt gctdrlocg lj Dneqwcr 4*
?*15 Wredc Kcweb Cuslqkcjw" Dbcejlj` ejg Tekqbc Nejgblj`
?*15*15 Cuslqkcjw Petnlj`
Pncrc wredc kcweb ejeb|tct pet wnc sbwlkewc `heb ebb cuslqkcjw pet petncg stlj` e
tqcdlfld rc`lkc* Wnc kemhrlw| hf cuslqkcjw fhr wredc kcweb phri pet kegc frhk nl`n+gcjtlw|
qhb|cwn|bcjc .NGQC, rcdhkkcjgcg o| Oewbc| ejg @ergjcr .5
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Ebb tekqbct fhr LDQ+KT ejeb|tlt pcrc tekqbcg wnrhs`n e Dcwcd 311 eswh+tekqbcr* Wnc eswh+
tekqbcr rckhvcg e tekqbc frhk clwncr @rcjlcr hr Dhrjlj` 53 kB qhb|qrhq|bcjc dcjwrlfs`c
wsoct* Fhr ksbwl+cbckcjw ejeb|tct" pncwncr stlj` twejgerg deblorewlhjt hr pncj sjgcrweilj`
kcwnhg gcvcbhqkcjw plwn twejgerg egglwlhjt" wnc twejgergt pcrc weicj frhk glbswcg Tqcdwrhthb
ejg OGN dcrwlflcg twejgergt* Fhr gseb ( wrl cbckcjw kcwnhg gcvcbhqkcjw ejg tekqbc ejeb|tct"
wnc ebskljlsk" lrhj ejg kej`ejctc twejgergt pcrc qrhgsdcg frhk tcrleb glbswlhjt hf wnclr
rctqcdwlvc tsbqnewc tebwt" EbIH>T?5?N?H" FcTH70N?H ejg KjTH7N?H .,9 hjc ksbwl+cbckcjw ejeb|tlt weict erhsjg
6 kljswct* C~wcjgcg petn qnetct ocwpccj tekqbct rckhvct thkc gcqhtlwt .Plbblekt ejg @re|"
5>,9 nhpcvcr" wncrc lt twlbb e dsksbewlvc cffcdw hvcr c~wcjgcg rsjt* Wnc kemhrlw| hf kednljc
rsjt ljvhbvcg 61 hr khrc tekqbct ejg dhsbg betw frhk 5? wh ?7 nhsrt* Wnc fhrkewlhj hf
qrcdlqlwewct lt gsc wh wnc dhjdcjwrewlhjt hf wnc whweb gltthbvcg thblgt .WGT, .Mervlt cw eb*" 5
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Weobc ?*15* Dhjdcjwrewlhj hf kemhr dewlhjt lj wnc orhegpewcr" kcetsrcg o| LDQ+HCTk` B+5 kK
debdlsk >7 )(+ 4 ?*5 )(+ 1*10qhwettlsk ?*> )(+ 1*56 1*10 )(+ 1*117ke`jctlsk 4*4 )(+ 1*5? 1*54 )(+ 1*113thglsk ?> )(+ 5*? 5*? )(+ 1*13twrhjwlsk 6?1 )(+ ?< 0*5 )(+ 1*4
Wnc WGT bheglj`" ewwrlosweobc wh wnc kemhr dewlhjt" lt z031 k` B+5* Wnc kemhr lhj WGT
bcvcb" wnhs`n jhw et nl`n et wnew egvltcg o| Mervlt cw eb* .5
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Fl`src ?*1?* Wckqhreb tl`jeb dnej`c hf e ksbwl+cbckcjw twejgerg* Wnc dbhtcg .ejeb|tcg 53wnKerdn ?11>" ge| wlkc, ejg hqcj .ejeb|tcg 15tw Gcdckocr ?11>" cvcjlj` wh jl`nw, glekhjgtrcqrctcjwt e dhkqhtlwc hf wnc kcej dhsjwt fhr ebb cbckcjwt jhrkebltcg wh wnclr ljlwleb vebsct plwnwnc crrhr oert wnc twejgerg gcvlewlhj hf wnctc dhkqhtlwct*
?*17*17 LDQ+KT Tl`jeb Ljwcrfcrcjdc Klwl`ewlhj
Wnc Wncrkh ^+Tcrlct kett tqcdwrhkcwcr stsebb| rsjt plwn e usegrsqhbc rcthbswlhj hf
1*> k(} sjlwt" wnc ljtwrskcjw net wnc deqeolblw| hf ljdrcetlj` wnc usegrsqhbc rcthbswlhj wh 1*1?
k(}" wnhs`n wnlt net e gcwrlkcjweb effcdw hj wnc whweb jskocr hf dhsjwt* DDW lt e kcdnejltk
pncrco| qhb|ewhkld ejg lthoerld ljwcrfcrcjdc lhjt erc rckhvcg frhk wnc lhj ocek* Wnc
qhb|ewhkld ljwcrfcrcjdc lhjt erc rcdhkoljewlhjt hf clwncr wnc dhkqhjcjwt hf wnc er`hj `et ejg (
hr cbckcjwt plwnlj wnc kewrl~* _cdhkoljcg lhjt erc ber`cr wnej wnc qsrc .tlj`bc, lhjt ejg nevc
e tsotcuscjw nl`ncr kett wh dner`c .k(}, rewlh* Wnc DDW `etct edw hj ohwn wnc glffcrcjdc ljtl}c ejg kett wh dner`c rewlh pncj rckhvlj` wnc qhb|ewhkld ljwcrfcrcjdct* DDW `et fbhp dej
oc dhjwrhbbcg wnrhs`n wnc dcbb9 `etct evelbeobc pcrc e ncblsk ( n|grh`cj kl~ hr e 0 # ekkhjle
`et* Wnc wph `etct phri lj glffcrcjw pe|t* Wnc n|grh`cj ( ncblsk kl~ edwt wh rckhvc cjcr`|
frhk qhb|ewhkld ljwcrfcrcjdct wnrhs`n ksbwlqbc dhbbltlhjt plwn wnc ber`cr ljwcrfcrcjdc lhjt* Wnc
dhbbltlhjt rckhvc cjcr`|9 wnlt wncj qrcvcjwt wnc ljwcrfcrcjdc lhjt wrevcrtlj` wnc usegrsqhbc o|
tqljjlj` hsw hf wnc lhj ocek* Wnc ekkhjle `et lt e rcedwlhj `et" hj lwt gltthdlewlhj lj wnc lhj
ocek wnc qrhwhjt dej dhkoljc plwn qhb|ewhkld ljwcrfcrcjdct rckhvlj` wnck frhk wnc k(} rewlhhf ljwcrctw* Et pcbb et rckhvlj` wnck frhk wnc k(} pljghp" wnc| dej ebth edw wh gltqbedc wnc
ljwcrfcrcjdc lhjt pnlbtw wnc lhj ocek lt wrevcrtlj` wnc usegrsqhbc* Wnc Verlej ^+tcrlct LDQ+KT
1 61 5?1 5>1 ?71 411 461 7?1 7>1 371 611 661 0?1 0>1 >71
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lt flwwcg plwn e iljcwld cjcr`| gltdrlkljewlhj .ICG, mskq" wnc ICG mskq lt e jc`ewlvc olet
ocwpccj wnc dhbbltlhj dcbb ejg usegrsqhbc kett tqcdwrhkcwcr* _cdhkoljcg ljwcrfcrcjdc lhjt
plwn bhpcr cjcr`| .nl`ncr k(} rewlh, wnej qsrc .tlj`bc, lhjt gh jhw nevc wnc lkqcwst wh qett wnc
ICG olet* Wnctc whhbt" nl`n rcthbswlhj" e dhbbltlhj `et" 0# Nc(N? ew e fbhp rewc hf
6*3 kB klj+5 ejg wnc ICG" pcrc eqqblcg wh wnc LDQ+KT dhjfl`srewlhj wh cjeobc ejeb|tlt hf
orhegpewcr frctnpewcr tekqbct* Dhkoljcg plwn wnctc dhjfl`srewlhj dnej`ct pcrc e 5=? glbswlhj
hf wnc frctnpewcr tekqbct ejg e 5=?1 ejg 5=71 glbswlhj hf wnc tcepewcr tekqbct*
?*17*13 Ejeb|wldeb Obeji
Wnc ejeb|wldeb obeji fhr wnc ejeb|tlt hf wnc glbswcg tekqbct lt e twejgerg egglwlhj tcrlct
oetcg lj sbwre qsrc pewcr .SQP, edlglflcg wh zqN 5*>9 wnlt tl`jeb ljdhrqhrewct wnew frhk wnc
SQP glbswejw" wnc edlg ejg wnc oedi`rhsjg tl`jeb* Ljlwleb phri pet sjgcrweicj stlj` e jhj+
tqcdlfld dbcejcg dhjweljcr ejg E_ `regc NJH4" stcg wh orlj` wnc glbswejw wh zqN 5*>* Wnlt pet
tsotcuscjwb| dnej`cg wh e wredc kcweb dbcejcg vcttcb ejg ghsobc userw}+gltwlbbcg NJH4* Wnc
rcethj fhr wnc dnej`c lj qrhwhdhb pet nl`nbl`nwcg fhbbhplj` ej ejeb|tlt hf e 51 ejg 1*5 qqo
tqlicg orhegpewcr ejg ebth TB_T+7 pnldn tnhpcg nl`n obeji vebsct .ejeb|wldeb tcw sq" Nc(N?
DDW `et ew 4*3 kB klj+5 lj N_ khgc,* Wnc rctsbwt fhr wnc obeji tl`jeb stlj` wnc dbcej
dhjweljcr ejg wnc tsotcuscjw debdsbewcg blklwt hf gcwcdwlhj .BHG, erc tnhpj lj Weobc ?*1?* Wnc
obejit ejg BHG pcrc kcetsrcg lj N_ khgc plwn N(Nc DDW `et ew 6*3 kB klj+5 ejg wnc ICGolet lj qbedc* BHG pcrc debdsbewcg fhr SQP glbswcg plwn wnc edlglflcg SQP .glbswejw,*
Weobc ?*1?* Ejeb|wldeb obejit ejg blklwt hf gcwcdwlhj
obeji _TG BHGjK # .j;6, jK
Eb 571 7? 41 5?6V ?5 50 >1 31
Kj 1*3 1*4 61 1**1Et 1*< 1*4 45 1*>557Dg 1*0 1*13 > 1*5355?Dg 1*6 1*16 < 1*5>?1>Qo 7 1*7 < 5*5?16Qo 7 1*3 54 5*6
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?*17*16 LDQ+KT Eddsred| D_K _cdhvcr|
Wnc rctsbw fhr e rcqcewcg ejeb|tlt hf TB_T+7 plwn wnc dhjfl`srewlhj pnldn pet eqqblcg wh
wnc orhegpewcr tekqbct lt tnhpj lj Weobc ?*14* Wnlt dhjfl`srewlhj stcg wnc usegrsqhbc lj nl`n
rcthbswlhj plwn N(Nc DDW `et ew 6*3 kB klj+5 ejg e ICG olet ocwpccj wnc DDW dcbb ejg wnc
usegrsqhbc* Tekqbct pcrc glbswcg wh fedwhr hf 5=?* Fhsr cbckcjwt pcrc sjeobc wh oc eddsrewcb|
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lrhj ejeb|tlt bctt wnej 51# ejg hj wnc dhqqcr ejeb|tlt 53#* Dhoebw kcetsrckcjwt pncrc plwnlj
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qhhr :71#9 rctsbwt tnhsbg oc nejgbcg plwn deswlhj et wnc| erc effcdwcg o| jhltc plwnlj wnc LDQ+
KT* Ebb cbckcjwt tsddcttfsbb| rcdhvcrcg nevc wnclr rctqcdwlvc BHG" debdsbewcg et wnrcc wlkct
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kej`ejctc et ljlwleb c~qcrlkcjweb wrlebt pcrc wh oc dhjgsdwcg plwn wnc egglwlhj hf qerwldsbewc
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wnew wnc octw kcwnhg phsbg oc wh stc wnc LDQ+KT plwn N(Nc DDW `et ew z6*3 kB klj+5 lj N_
khgc ejg ljdhrqhrewlj` wnc ICG wh elg lj wnc rckhveb hf ljwcrfcrcjdc lhjt wh kcetsrc wnc
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4*15*1? Vebvc Dhjfl`srewlhj
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twejgergt pcrc qrhgsdcg frhk glbswlhjt ljwh SQP ew qN 5*6 frhk ej lrhj .LL, tsbqnewc twhdi
thbswlhj qrhgsdcg o| pcl`nlj` wnc eqqrhqrlewc ekhsjw ejg dhkoljlj` plwn qN 5*6 SQP* Ew
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twejgerg ejg bskljhb rce`cjw lj wnc kl~lj` dcbb wnc nl`nctw qceit fhrkcg pcrc wnhtc tcdhjg ejg
wnlrg qhtw ljmcdwlhj* Wnlt ljgldewcg wnew ljtsffldlcjw kl~lj` wlkc pet ebbhpcg lj wnc twejgerg
ohwwbc wh ednlcvc ej cuslblorlsk Fc.LL, dhjdcjwrewlhj* O| stlj` wnc 5< t qrlhr wh kl~lj` hf wnc
tekqbc ejg rce`cjw et wnc ocjdn keri" phrilj` twejgergt pcrc ljmcdwcg 5< 51 t qrlhr wh
kl~lj`* Ew ?7 t qrlhr wh kl~lj` hf twejgerg ejg rce`cjwt ebb flrtw qceit pcrc dhjtltwcjwb| `rcewcr
lj erce ejg ncl`nw wnej wnc tcdhjg qceit ljgldewlj` wnew wnlt pet wnc hqwlksk qhljw fhr ljmcdwlhj
hf wnc twejgerg* Lf wnc qhljw hf ljmcdwlhj pet `rcewcr wnej ?7 t qrlhr wh kl~lj` wncj wncrc phsbg
nevc occj `rcewcr h~lgewlhj hf Fc.LL, lj wnc twejgerg* _cqcew kcetsrckcjwt hf e 51*7 jK
twejgerg fhr qrcdltlhj `evc ej _TG hf 6 # .j ; 3,* Wnc wlkc fhr ljmcdwlhj qrlhr wh ejeb|tct pet
tcw ew ?7 t* Wnlt wlklj` pet wrsc fhr ohwn wnc rce`cjw ljmcdwlhj fhbbhplj` wnc kcwnhg hf Drhhw
ejg ebth stlj` e derrlcr thbswlhj et plwn wnc kcwnhg hf Ilj`*
Fl`src 4*54* QKW wredc fhr Fc.LL, lj tcepewcr* Wnc twejgerg ljmcdwlhj lt hf 6 t* wljmljgldewct wnc wlkc ew pnldn wnc lrhj .LL, twejgerg lt tqlicg*
4*14*16 Lrhj .LL, Tcjtlwlvlw|
Wnc FLE+Db dhsbg ejeb|tc dhjwljshst tekqbct lj tcepewcr wnhs`n tl`jebt pcrc bhp* E
twrhj` tl`jeb jccgcg wh oc rhostw e`eljtw fbsdwsewlhjt lj wnc oetcbljc ejg tnhp wnc nl`nctw
tcjtlwlvlw| frhk wnc }crh egglwlhj twejgerg wh wnc qcei fhbbhplj` egglwlhj hf Fc.LL,*
Kcetsrckcjwt hf rceb wlkc Fc.LL, nevc occj dhjgsdwcg plwn wnc qN hf wnc kl~cg bskljhb rce`cjwew 51*4 ._htc ejg Pelwc" ?115," 51*? .Ilj` cw eb*" 5
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Ibhqf ejg Jlckej .54, phricg plwn e rcedwlhj qN hf 51*4" Sttncr cw eb* .?11 rce`cjw* Phri o| Tclw} ejg Ncrdsbct .5
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4*17 Usetl+Tlksbwejchst Ejeb|tlt hf Wph Ejeb|wct
Wnc FLE+Db t|twck dhsbg kcetsrc ohwn n|grh`cj qcrh~lgc ejg lrhj .LL, lj tcepewcr9
fsrwncr gcvcbhqkcjw pcjw hj wh wctw lwt eolblw| wh usetl+tlksbwejchstb| ejeb|tc wnctc ejeb|wct*
Wnc ic| fedwhr pet wnc dnej`c lj wnc qbskolj` dhjfl`srewlhj hf wnc bheg ljmcdw vebvc" tnhpj lj
Fl`src 4*53* Wnc t|twck twlbb ebbhpcg e dnhldc hf kcwnhgt wh cjeobc ejeb|tlt" clwncr wnew
fhbbhpcg o| Ilj` cw eb* .5
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Fl`src 4*56* Gseb ejeb|tlt tcepewcr wredc* Webbcr qceit erc gsc wh N?H? ejg wnc tnhrwcr qceit
erc fhr lrhj .LL,* Wnc flrtw n|grh`cj qcrh~lgc qcei lt ber`cr wncj wnc rctw gsc wh bskljhb rce`cjwedwlvewlhj o| c~wcrjeb bl`nw thsrdct et lw tlwt lj wnc vebvc bhhq ocfhrc ejeb|tlt twerwt*
Fhr wnc rceb wlkc kcetsrckcjwt" twejgerg deblorewlhjt pcrc wh oc stcg fhr ohwn n|grh`cj
qcrh~lgc ejg Fc.LL,* Wnc kewrl~ hf wnc tekqbc ejg twejgergt pcrc wh oc wnc tekc ejg wncrcfhrc
glg jhw rcuslrc wnc stc hf twejgerg egglwlhjt* Wnc Fc.LL, dhsbg oc deblorewcg fhbbhplj` wnc
kcwnhg gcvcbhqcg oetcg hj wnc wlklj` hf wnc tekqbc ljmcdwlhj* N?H? twejgergt erc tweobc hvcr
nhsr wlkc tdebct9 nhpcvcr" fhr dhjtltwcjd| wnc tekc deblorewlhj kcwnhg oetcg hj wnc wlklj`t fhr
ohwn Fc.LL, ejg N?H? pet stcg* Plwn wnc t|twck eobc wh ejeb|tc usetl tlksbwejchstb| ejg wnc
hswqsw dhsbg oc deblorewcg lw pet wncj stcg et ej ejeb|wldeb whhb fhr rceb wlkc kcetsrckcjwt*
Obeji ejg BHG kcetsrckcjwt erc gcqcjgejw hj wnc kewrl~ hf wnc tekqbc ejg ebb deblorewlhjt fhr
c~qcrlkcjwt pcrc sjgcrweicj lj wnc tekc kcglsk et wnc c~qcrlkcjw* Wnc 5*3 kK bskljhb
.Tl`ke Ebgrldn" Bskljhb #, thbswlhj pet osffcrcg plwn 1*1> K I?DH4 .Fltncr," thjldewcg
fhr 3 kljswct" ejg e`cg fhr ?7 nhsrt ew 7D* Efwcr ?7 nhsrt wnc qN lt egmstwcg wh 55*? plwn ? K
NDb .Fltncr," wnc bskljhb rce`cjw fhr N?H? ejeb|tlt lt tqlicg wh 6 K plwn Dh.LL, ejg wncrce`cjwt erc qbedcg lj e pewcr oewn wh tqccg wnclr cuslblorlsk wh wnc beohrewhr| ekolcjw elr
wckqcrewsrc* Wnc bskljhb rce`cjw pet qrhgsdcg o| dhkoljlj` z1*?14 ` bskljhb plwn z>*?3 ` hf
I?DH4 ljwh e orhpj qhb|qrhq|bcjc dhjweljcr ejg egglj` 031 kB SQP*
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Dneqwcr Fhsr
Wlkc Tcrlct hf Wredc Kcwebt lj e Bedstwrljc Tsrfedc Kldrhbe|cr
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7*11 Ljwrhgsdwlhj
Lj Dneqwcr Fhsr phri derrlcg hsw hj e tcethjeb tekqblj` hf e frctnpewcr tsrfedc
kldrhbe|cr .FTKB, fhr jhkljebb| gltthbvcg wredc kcwebt lt qrctcjwcg* Wnlt lt wnc flrtw ijhpj
phri wh kcetsrc wnrhs`n e tcethjeb qrh`rcttlhj wnc dhjdcjwrewlhjt hf gltthbvcg wredc kcwebt lj
wnc tsrfedc kldrhbe|cr hf ej eusewld t|twck ejg rcbewc wnctc wh wnc sjgcrb|lj` pewcr wnrhs`n wnc
debdsbewlhj hf cjrldnkcjw fedwhrt* Wnc 21*? k flbwcrcg fredwlhj plbb dhkqhtc hf= Frcc kcweb
lhjt" ljhr`ejld lhj qelrt" dhkqbc~ct ejg hr`ejh+kcwebbld dhkqhsjgt" dncbewcg hr`ejld
dhkqhsjgt" kcweb tqcdlct lj nl`nb| gltqcrtcg dhbbhlgt ejg kcweb tqcdlct egthrocg hjwh dhbbhlgt9
pncrcet wnc : 1*? k fredwlhj tnhsbg dhjwelj qrcdlqlwewct" hr`ejld qerwldbct ejg lj tlws gcwrlweb
kewcrleb .Twskk ejg Khr`ej" 51 jk .Derbthj" 5?, wnc tsrfedc kldrhbe|cr dhsbg wnchrcwldebb| oc ej cjnejdcg
rc`lhj hf rcgh~ edwlvlw| dhkqercg wh wnc SBP*
Plwn ej cjrldncg qerwldsbewc qnetc ejg blwwbc ewwcjsewlhj hf SV bl`nw .21*5# eothrqwlhj,ew wnc kldrhbe|cr .Qbejc cw eb*" 5
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wredc kcwebt ljwh wnc thbsobc qnetc wnrhs`n wnc qnhwhdnckldeb c~dlwewlhj hf wnc cbcvewcg
dhjdcjwrewlhjt hf hr`ejld kewcrleb* Tsotcuscjw d|dblj` hf kcwebt ljwh wnc dhbbhlgeb qnetc
wnrhs`n thrqwlhj o| hr`ejld kewcrleb .Nsjwcr" 51e, ejg wncrc rcbcetc o| e qnhwhdnckldeb
bl`ejg wh kcweb dner`c wrejtfcr frhk fhr c~ekqbc lrhj .n|gr,h~lgct .Festw ejg ]cqq" 5
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3>
Plbblekt" 51,9 wnc eswnhrt stcg e kcwnejhb rljtc wh rckhvc wnc tekqbc* Wnc rljtc" wh rckhvc
( dbcej wnc qbewc ocwpccj tekqbct" lt lkqhrwejw fhr hr`ejld kewcrleb et rctlgseb bcfw ocwpccj cedn
glq ke| effcdw tsotcuscjw tekqbct* Wnc cffcdw hf wnc oslbg+sq hf clwncr n|grhqnhold hr
n|grhqnlbld kewcrleb hj wnc tekqbcr ejg wnc cffcdw wnctc nevc hj wnc dhbbcdwcg tekqbc lt qerwlebb|
blklwcg o| wnc kcdnejldeb etqcdw hf cedn tekqbcr* Qbewc tekqbct efwcr dhjwljshst glqt plbb oslbg
sq be|crt hf rctlgseb kewcrleb* Wnc qn|tldeb rckhveb kcdnejltk hf tdreqlj` wnc tsrfedc plwn e
Wcfbhj twrlq plbb rckhvc thkc hf wnlt rcweljcg tekqbc osw ew wnc khbcdsber bcvcb plbb nevc jh
effcdw* Stlj` e kcwnejhb rljtc wh rckhvc wnc tekqbc rcuslrct ej c~wre twcq lj wnc tekqblj`
qrhwhdhb" ljdrcetlj` wnc qhwcjwleb wh dhjwekljewc wnc tekqbc lj wnc flcbg* Plwn e kcwnejhb rljtc
wnc thrqwlhj tlwct erc rc+c~qhtcg ejg ncjdc wncrc phsbg oc e rcuslrckcjw wh rcdhjglwlhj wnc
tekqbcr* Wnc tdrccj tekqbcr stct tsrfedc wcjtlhj wh deqwsrc tekqbc plwnlj wnc vhlgt hf wnc
kctn" ncbg o| tsrfedc wcjtlhj* Wnc rcbcetc hf tekqbc lt wnrhs`n e `cjwbc e`lwewlhj wh wnc tdrccj*
Et bhj` et wnc tsrfedc wcjtlhj hf wnc tekqbc lt jhw gretwldebb| dhkqrhkltcg" pnldn ke| neqqcj
plwn ber`c dhjdcjwrewlhjt hf TET" wncj wnew tekqbc dhbbcdwcg tnhsbg oc rcqrctcjwewlvc hf wnc
kldrhbe|cr* Lf wncrc lt bhtt hjwh egthrqwlhj tlwct hj wnc ber`c tsrfedc erce hf wnc tdrccj" wnlt bhtt
tnhsbg oc kljlkeb et wnc tdrccj lt lkkcrtcg lj wnc pewcr flrtw ejg qsbbcg wnrhs`n wnc kldrhbe|cr
ncjdc wnctc thrqwlhj tlwct plbb oc flbbcg pncj lj wnc pewcr*
Derbthj .5?, ts``ctw wnew ljwcr+dhkqerlthjt hf tsrfedc kldrhbe|cr gewe dhbbcdwcg
tcqerewcb| o| wph kcwnhgt" c*`* qbewc ejg tdrccj" pet ljegvlteobc et wnc wnldijctt hf wnckldrhbe|cr dhbbcdwcg phsbg oc glffcrcjw* Nhpcvcr" wnc eswnhrt ebth fhsjg wnew wnc dhkqhtlwlhj
hf e verlcw| hf hr`ejld dhjtwlwscjwt .GHD" gltthbvcg SV+eothrolj` qncjhbld kewcrlebt"
dnbhrhqn|bb+e .dnb," egcjhtljc wrl+qnhtqnewc ejg QHD ejg QHJ, glg jhw tnhp e olet wh wnc
tekqblj` gcvldc ejg glffcrcjdct dhsbg oc c~qbeljcg o| gcqwn hf tekqbc weicj* Hvcr wnc
ljwc`rewcg gcqwnt" wnc qbewc tekqbcr net wreglwlhjebb| occj tnhpj wh rcwrlcvc e tnebbhpcr tekqbc
wnej e tdrccj tekqbcr*
Wnc edw hf dhjglwlhjlj`" rcqcewcg stc hf wnc tekqbcr qrlhr wh rcwrlcveb hf wnc flrtw tekqbc
tnhsbg gcdrcetc wnc bhtt hf tekqbc wnrhs`n egthrqwlhj hjwh wnc tekqblj` kewcrleb* Dhjtlgcrlj`
wnc cffcdw hf wnc bhtt hf fcrrld lhjt wh .jhj+cuslblorewcg, glffcrcjw kewcrlebt lw pet fhsjg wnew hj
`bett wncrc pet e bhtt hf z># lj 5 nhsr ejg fhr QWFC lw pet z53# lj 5 nhsr fhbbhplj` ej
egglwlhj hf 5*47 jK Fcwhw hf pnldn 1*0 jK pet wnc33Fc reglhlthwhqc .Fltdncr cw eb*" ?110,* Wnlt
rewc hf bhtt fhr e rceglb| n|grhb|teobc lhj hj wnc wph tekqbcr kewcrlebt" pnldn pcrc
sjdhjglwlhjcg" pet bhp cjhs`n lj wnc flrtw nhsr th wnew plwn e dhjglwlhjlj` hf wnc kewcrleb ejg
rcwcjwlhj wlkct hf wnc tekqbc hj wnc tekqbcr lj wnc hrgcr hf 41t wnc bhttct tnhsbg oc jc`bl`lobc*
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7*1? Kcwnhgt
7*1?*15 Tekqbc T
Wnc dhbbcdwlhj hf t
dhbbeohrewlhjt c~ekljlj` w
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wnej o| fbsdwsewlhjt lj wnc
dhkksjlus,* Wncrc lt e
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hf wnc beic* Wncrc lt ebth
rsj hff frhk e jcero| rheg
ejg hvcrbejg ejg `rhsjg
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Fl`src 7*15* Bhdewlhj hf wercet erc sjlvcrtlw| oslbgl
Wh wnc jhrwn hf wnc
eddhkkhgewlhj ejg wcednl
oslbglj`t lt glrcdwcg wnrhs
3* Kldrhbe|cr tekqbct pcrc dhbbcdwcg stlj` e bett qbewc ejg e Wcfbhj tdrccj* SBP
tekqbct pcrc weicj frhk e gcqwn hf 51 dk glrcdwb| ljwh e ohwwbc pnlbtw pcerlj` qhpgcr frcc QVD
`bhvct* Pncj qhttlobc kldrhbe|cr tekqblj` pet stsebb| dhjgsdwcg ew eqqrh~lkewcb| wnc tekc
wlkc hj cedn klttlhj" wnlt pet ocwpccj 55=11 ejg 54=11* Hjb| wnc betw tl~ tekqblj` klttlhjt
neg e dhrrhohrewlhj hf wnclr kcetsrckcjwt wnrhs`n wnc kcetsrckcjw hf e frctn pewcr dcrwlflcg
rcfcrcjdc kewcrleb frhk wnc Jewsreb _ctcerdn Dhsjdlb Dejege" TB_T+7 .tcc Tcdwlhj 3*17,9 wnc
rctsbwt frhk wnc flrtw wnrcc tekqblj` klttlhjt pcrc debdsbewcg wnrhs`n ej eqqbldewlhj hf e
dhrrcdwlhj fedwhr ocwpccj rctsbwt frhk wnc fhsrwn tekqblj` klttlhj" pnldn pet ejeb|tcg sjgcrwph glffcrcjw LDQ+KT ejeb|wldeb tcw+sqt" tcc Eqqcjgldct" E7*15*
Tsrfedc kldrhbe|cr tekqbct pcrc dhbbcdwcg o| wnc `bett qbewc .Nervc| ejg Osr}cbb"
5
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Wnc tdrccj tekqbcr gcvldc .Fl`src 7*14, pet egeqwcg frhk wnew hf @errcww .5
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Fl`src 7*1?* Egnctlhj hf.obedi hobhj` plwn gle`hj
Fl`src 7*14* CWFC tdrccj
7*14 Ejdlbber|
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dhbskj pet qrhflbcg fhr wc
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beic ocg* Wnc gltthbvcg h
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Wckqcrewsrc lt edd
6?
nc hr`ejld edlg n|grhqnhold kldrhbe|cr .rcgb bljct,
tsrfedc kldrhbe|cr tekqbcr
Qerekcwcrt
e hrl`ljewcg frhk wnc pcotlwc ppp*psjgcr`JP .bewlwsgc J 3?*674 " bhj`lwsgc= C 5*?4
gewe pcrc `ewncrcg wh dneredwcrltc wnc pewcr
kqcrewsrc" h~|`cj ejg qN stlj` e \TL 336
ckcjwt pcrc weicj frhk wnc tsrfedc" z1*5 k"
|`cj .GH, ejg qN pcrc deblorewcg qrlhr wh
qsrc pewcr ejg wnc qN stlj` twejgerg JLTW
vlw| hf wnc \TL 336 lt=
.k` B+5, 1 ?1 k` B+5 ? #" plwn e rcthbswl
srewc frhk +3 wh 73 D" 1*53 D plwn e rcth
tqncrct, wh e `bett qbewc
hsjg*dhk9 wnc jcerctw, hf wnc tekqbc tlwc*
dhbskj* Wnc pewcr
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ejg cvcr| 1*3 k wh wnc
edn tekqblj` klttlhj=
osffcrt ew qN 7*1? ejg
hj hf 1*15 k` B+5*
bswlhj hf 1*5 D*
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qN" rej`c 1 wh 57 plwn ej eddsred| hf 1*? ejg e rcthbswlhj hf 1*15*
Eddhkqej|lj` wnctc gewe pcrc pewcr tekqbct dhbbcdwcg frhk 5" ?" 4 ejg 7 k gccq" weicj o|
kcejt hf e Jltilj ohwwbc hj e bljc" ejg ejeb|tcg fhr jswrlcjwt" dnb ejg DGHK*
7*14*15 Kcwchrhbh`ldeb Gewe
Wnc kcwchrhbh`ldeb gewe= ljthbewlhj" wckqcrewsrc" pljg tqccg ejg pljg glrcdwlhj erc
tnhpj lj Fl`src 7*17 Wncrc lt e devcew plwnlj wnc kcwchrhbh ldeb gewe wnew wnc dhjglwlhjt
rcdhrgcg ew wnc pcewncr twewlhj ke| jhw nevc occj wnhtc ew wnc tekqblj` tlwc* Ebwnhs`n
kcwchrhbh`ldeb gewe pcrc evelbeobc ew 53 kljswc ljwcrvebt" hjb| wnhtc pnldn dhljdlgcg plwn wnc
41 kljswct qrlhr wh ejg gsrlj` kldrhbe|cr tekqblj` erc stcg* Wnc ljwcrveb stcg lt oetcg hj
phri o| Nsjwcr .51o, pnh eghqwcg e rctlgcjdc wlkc hf 51 kljswct fhr qerwldsbewc kewwcr lj e
Jhrwn Tce kldrhbe|cr*
Ljthbewlhj ejg wckqcrewsrc .Fl`src 7*17, erc lkqhrwejw fedwhrt lj dhjwrhbblj`
twrewlfldewlhj ejg wnc tsotcuscjw effcdw wnlt ke| nevc hj wnc olhbh`| hf wnc t|twck* Frhk
Mejser| wh Eqrlb wnc ljthbewlhj lt rcbewlvcb| bhp .531 701 P k+?, dhkoljcg plwn bhp elr
wckqcrewsrct .6 51 D,* Ljthbewlhj ljdrcetct frhk Eqrlb wh Ke|" ?51
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Fl`src 7*17* Kcwchrhbh`ldeb dhjglwlhjt fhr wnc 41 kljswct qrcdcglj` ejg gsrlj` tekqblj`* Wnc`reqnt tnhp wnc kcej ejg rej`ct hf wnc gewe*
Wnc pljg tqccgt fhr wnc tekqblj` klttlhjt erc lj Fl`src 7*17* Wnc kcej pljg tqccg
pet 54*7 ik n+5* Wnc SCE Orheg lt tncbwcrcg ejg wncrcfhrc pljg tqccg ke| jhw nevc ej
egvcrtc effcdw hj wnc fhrkewlhj hf wnc kldrhbe|cr" wnhs`n lw net occj jhwcg wnew pljg tqccgt
`rcewcr wnej 51*> ik n+5 dej blklw wnc fhrkewlhj hf tbldit .Bltt ejg Gsdc" 5
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7*14*1? Qn|tlhdn
Et plwn wnc kcwchr
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dhjtlgcrewlhj lt hjb| `lvc
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63
kldeb Qerekcwcrt
hbh`ldeb gewe wncrc lt e nl`ncr wckqhreb tekq
`cj ejg qN" eqqrh~lkewcb| fhrwjl`nwb| lj wnl
wh wnhtc gewe pnldn dhljdlgcg plwn wnc kldr
erc qrctcjwcg lj Fl`src 7*13*
rcttlhj hf" wckqcrewsrc" h~|`cj ejg qN" ew
blj` rcthbswlhj fhr wnc
t detc" nhpcvcr"
be|cr tekqblj`
cqwnt" 1*5 3 k"
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Mejser| wh bewc Kerdn tnhpt e kl~cg pewcr dhbskj .jh twrewlfldewlhj," plwn wckqcrewsrct
ocwpccj 7 ejg 0 D .Fl`src 7*13,* Wnc kl~lj` dej oc ewwrloswcg wh dhhb ge| wlkc elr
wckqcrewsrct .6 51 D, dhkoljcg plwn wnc ljfbs~ hf `rhsjg pewcr ew z 3 D .Icwwbc cw eb* lj
qrctt,* Frhk bewc Kerdn wckqcrewsrc twrewlfldewlhj oc`ljt ejg dhjwljsct wnrhs`n wh Msb|* Wnc
`rcewctw glffcrcjdc ocwpccj tsrfedc ejg gccq pewcrt lt lj Ke| .z 51 D," frhk perk tsrfedc
pewcrt ew 1*5 + ? k gcqwn .?1 D, wh dhhb ohwwhk pewcrt ew 3 k gcqwn .51 D,* Frhk bewc Ke|
sjwlb Msb| wncrc lt ej ljdrcetc lj wckqcrewsrc hf wnc pewcr ew ebb gcqwnt" plwn wnc glffcrcjdc lj
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