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• Industrial Revolution- 1700s- started in Great Britain-power-driven machinery was developed
• Factors- Exploration, colonialism, sea power, government support, private investment
• Enclosure movement- wealthy landowners combined small farms to create large farms and fenced them in
A New Kind of Revolution
•more efficient farming methods•food supply increased•many farmers thrown off land, went to cities for jobs•formed workforce for growing industries
Factors of Production in
Great Britain
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Government Parliament passed laws that favored business, helping
the country compete successfully against other nations
Agriculture Seed drill; improved livestock breeding; better varieties of
food crops; enclosure movement
Land Natural resources: WATER!! (waterwheels to generate
power, transportation);
Coal (burn as fuel); Iron (make steel for machines)
Labor Growing population (due to increased food supply);
Thousands of people lost farmland (enclosure mvmt) and
went to work in industry
Capital Funds for investment in business; people had money to
spend
“human capital” – people with abilities and skills
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Invention/ Claim to Fame
4.1 Jethro Tull- seed drill
4.2 1793- Eli Whitney invented cotton gin- clean seeds out of cotton- one worker could clean 50 pounds a day versus one pound
4.3: James Hargreaves: Spinning jenny- spun several threads at once
4.4: Richard Arkwright: Spinning Frame- spun stronger, thinner thread
4.5: John Kay: Flying shuttle – doubled speed of weaving
4.6 Steam engine- 1712- James Watt- locomotives-steamships
4.7 Robert Fulton-growth of coal mining industry- dangers of mining
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4.8 Samuel Slater: “Father of American Industry”
• Because of British restrictions, Samuel Slater memorized plans for Arkwright machinery- built the first mills in US
•Weaving was a cottage industry- labor performed at home•Industrialization transformed this- wool or cotton fiber-slave labor- cotton gin- spinning jenny- flying shuttle•Factory invented- water power
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Factories and Workers• Working in a factory-dangerous- long workdays- poor factory
conditions
• Life in factory towns- towns around factories- near coal mines- poor sanitation- “black country”- smog
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• Labor Union: organization representing worker’s interests
• Strikes: work stoppages to urge employers to raise wages and improve working conditions
•Mass production: manufacturing large numbers of identical items
•Interchangeable parts: identical machine made parts; made production and repair of goods more efficient
•Assembly line: product moves from worker to worker as each one performs a step. DIVISION OF LABOR; many items made quickly.
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Advantages Disadvantages
Increased production
Decreased prices
Availability of goods
Harsh working conditions
Pollution
Child mortality
Ended cottage industry
Industrial Production
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