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A multi-fuel future: the impact of the
IMO sulphur cap
6th Bunkernet Bunker Conference, 6 April 2017
David Squirrell B.Eng, C.Eng, MIMechE, MBA Chief Engineer UK, Cyprus, and Middle East
2
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set a 0.5%
sulphur cap on marine fuel sulphur content
New IMO emission limit
The new global sulphur limit will be adopted in 2020
3
Enforcement & implications
• Upon implementation fuels with sulphur content >0.5% will no
longer be allowed without a scrubber
• Enforcement will be handled by
IMO member states
• The fuel supply chain, including
many refineries, will need to be
reconfigured
Refining converts oil into many products
Link between crude oil production and products demand
Crude Oil Input
Source: U.S. Department of Labor
Refinery
LPG/Propane
Gasoline
Chemicals feed
Wax/Asphalt
Lubes/Other
Fuel oil
Aviation fuels
Diesel
5
• Low sulphur distillates i.e. marine gas oil (MGO)
• New low sulphur fuels
• Low sulphur fuel blends
• Premium ECA category fuels
• Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
• High sulphur fuel (HFO) + a
scrubber
Compliance options
Sulphur distribution for residual fuel
6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 1.5 1.5 - 2.0 2.0 - 2.5 2.5 - 3.0 3.0 - 3.5 3.5 - 4.0 4.0 - 4.5 4.5 - 5.0 5.0 - 6.0
Average sulphur content 2.45% m/m %
of
qu
an
titi
es
Sulphur content % m/m Source: International Marine Organization
1.95
4.07
6.12
8.42
26.18
28.05
24.68
0.54 0.00 0.00 0.00
7
ExxonMobil’s response
• Multi-fuel future
• Working with customers
• Research and innovation
• Technical leadership
• Leveraging LNG expertise
• Working with our refineries
Compliance challenges
Bunker quality
• ISO 8217
• Delivery
• Fuels management
• Engine maintenance
• Technical support
10
Potential challenges:
• Stability • Compatibility
• Flash point • Cat fines
Owners should be aware of these problems and ensure they are prepared
ExxonMobil ECA Insight video series
Fuel quality concerns
11
Mixing fuel types can result in:
• Sludge
• Blocked filters/purifiers
• Avoidable maintenance
Fuel compatibility issues
12
ExxonMobil always recommends testing a sample mix to check for
compatibility issues.
Fuel compatibility testing
This can be an on-board spot test [example below] or remotely via a
specialist lab.
13
Best practice guidelines
Avoid mixing
fuels
Store fuels
separately
Test fuels for
compatibility
Avoid mixing dissimilar
densities
14
Some compliant fuels will have high levels of cat fines. These can cause
significant engine damage
ExxonMobil recommends vessel operators use lab tests to identify
potential fuel issues
Catalytic fines
Compliance options
16
A multi fuel future
Blends
LNG Abatement
HFO
ECA Fuels
Distillates
0
10
20
30
2015 2025 2040
Marine demand
Fuel efficiency improvements vs 2010
Percent
Slow steaming
Operations
Vessel design
Engine
improvements
30
20
10
0
2015 2025
2040
Distillate
Fuel oil
Other 0
5
10
2015 2025 2040
MBDOE
LNG
Marine demand by fuel
10
5
0
2015 2025
2040
Source: Energy Outlook 2017
18
Scrubbers are offered by a number of
manufacturers and already installed on several hundred ships
Economic feasibility is dependent on
individual vessels
Outlook for scrubbers
19
High sulphur HFO is likely to be available up to and beyond 2020 but
limited to specific locations
Term contracts should be in place before late 2019
High sulphur HFO
availability
20
Vessel operators should use lubricants designed to work with
specific sulphur fuel levels:
• Low sulphur fuels - low BN oil
• High sulphur fuels with scrubbers -
high BN oil
Cylinder oil choices
• Global sulphur cap of 0.5%
• To be adopted in 2020
IMO decision: summary
• No change to 0.1% ECA limit
• Substantial fines for noncompliance
22
• Not one fuel solution
• Scrubbers will be part of the mix
IMO decision: implications
• Fuel compatibility will be an issue
• Presence of cat fines could increase
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