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What is social detox? It is NOT being alone on a deserted island!!!
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A “How To” Guide
Essie Auker, LPC, CACAssistant Director,
Health and Wellness CenterPenn State Altoona
What is social detox?
It is NOT being alone on a deserted island!!!
What is social
detox?It is NOT taking refuge in your car while attending your family reunion!!!
What is Social Detox?
It is NOT soaking in a bubble bath after accompanying your son’s kindergarten class to
the zoo!!!
What is social detox?
It is NOT turning off your phone, cell phone, computer, locking your office door and plugging in
your ipod!!!
This IS social detox!!!!
What is social detox???Many people may not need medical based
detox . A residential Social Detox typically requires no medication. Patients are monitored by a 24-hour staff with medical personnel available should any complications arise.
The monitoring of clients who need detoxification services but have no health risks associated with the withdrawal process
A safe place to sober up
The ProblemThe dilemma is what to do with those students who
are drunk but not to the level that requires ER treatment.
Due to the lack of options these students are usually “handed over” by Residence Life staff, University Police officers, or local police officers to a roommate or a friend who agrees to “babysit” the intoxicated student.
This creates a significant potential for tragedy as these students are not equipped, nor should they be expected to bear the responsibility for determining if the intoxicated student needs further assistance.
The ProblemArizona State University Survey What considerations would lead students to decide
whether to call for help for someone who is passed out or incoherent due to consuming too much alcohol
“Not knowing what to do” was cited by 47.6 percent of the survey respondents compared with only 35.5 percent who said they would hesitate for “fear of getting a friend into trouble.”
Maust R. (2007 Fall, Vol. 9 No 2). Medical Amnesty---Effective or Not? Catalyst, 6-7
Scope of the problemCollege students and alcohol useProblems related to excessive alcohol use by
college students
College Students and Alcohol Use The majority of college students are NOT heavy drinkers -- 22.8 percent abstain altogether from alcohol useWechsler, H.; Eun Lee, J.; Kuo, M.; Seibring M.; Nelson, T. B.; and Lee, H. “Trends in College Binge Drinking During a Period of
Increased Prevention Efforts: Findings from 4 Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Surveys: 1993–2001.” Journal of American College Health 50: 203–217, 2002.
According to the NIAAA -- about four out of five students drink -- approximately half of the drinkers engage in heavy episodic consumption Wake Forest Researchers found -- 63 percent of students under 21 drink -- 20 percent of the drinkers usually have seven or more drinks -- More than half (54 percent) of the drinkers get drunk at least weekly Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center (2005, May 24). Students Who Get Drunk Weekly Have Higher Risk Of Injuries.
Problems Related to Excessive Alcohol Use by College StudentsDeath: 1,700 college students between the
ages of 18 and 24 die each year from alcohol-related unintentional injuries (Hingson et al., 2005)
Injury: 599,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are unintentionally injured under the influence of alcohol (Hingson et al., 2005)
Assault: More than 696,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are assaulted by another student who has been drinking (Hingson et al., 2005)
Drunk Driving: 2.1 million students between the ages of 18 and 24 drove under the influence of alcohol last year (Hingson et al., 2002)
Vandalism: About 11 percent of college student drinkers report that they have damaged property while under the influence of alcohol (Wechsler et al., 2002)
Property Damage: More than 25 percent of administrators from schools with relatively low drinking levels and over 50 percent from schools with high drinking levels say their campuses have a "moderate" or "major" problem with alcohol-related property damage (Hingson et al., 1995)
College students who get drunk at least once a week are significantly more likely to be hurt or injured than other students drinkers
-- three times more likely to be hurt or injured due
to their own drinkingWake Forest University Baptist Medical Center (2005, May 24). Students Who Get Drunk Weekly Have Higher Risk Of Injuries.
On a campus with 10,000 male college drinkers -- there will be 500 or more occasions on which more than 24 drinks may be consumed -- at these levels most people will pass out or become comatoseGruenewald PJ, Johnson FW, Light R, Saltz RF. Understanding college drinking: Assessing dose response from survey self-reports. Journal of Studies
on Alcohol 64(4): 500-14, 2003
Secondhand effects -- more than three-quarters of students living in res. halls, fraternities or sororities report that they have
experienced at least one secondary effect due to another student’s
drinking -- 60 percent had interrupted study or sleep -- 48 percent took care of a fellow drunk student -- 29 percent were insulted or humiliated -- 20 percent (females) experienced an unwanted sexual
advance -- 19 percent had a serious argument or quarrel -- 15 percent had property damaged -- 9 percent had been pushed, hit, or assaulted -- 1 percent (females) were the sexually assaulted or
acquaintance rape Wechsler, H.; Eun Lee, J.; Kuo, M.; Seibring M.; Nelson, T. B.; and Lee, H. “Trends in College Binge Drinking During a Period of
Increased Prevention Efforts: Findings from 4 Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Surveys: 1993–2001.” Journal of American College Health 50: 203–217, 2002.
We asked: How do other colleges handle intoxicated students?
In 2003, email survey sent out to 11 colleges “Who determines if a an individual is acutely
intoxicated? -- Residence Life professional staff (2/5) -- Residence Assistants (2/5) -- Campus Police (4/5) -- Campus Health Services staff (1/5) --Other (3/5) all of the above or a combination of the above
or paramedics
“If a student does not require medical treatment is he/she released to another responsible, sober individual over the age of 18?”
-- Yes (4/5) -- No (0/5) -- Comments: “Res. Life will not accept responsibility for an intoxicated student.” “We do not put another student in
charge of a student under the influence because
of liability issues.”
In 2006 -- internet search failed to locate a campus-based detox center -- 10 colleges with demographics similar to Penn State Altoona contacted—no detox center -- Big Ten Universities contacted—no detox centercomments: -- if BAL over .24% they hospitalize, otherwise a friend is found to watch the student -- Res or Housing Director takes the student home and sits with them -- Release to underage roommates -- Have three holding cells monitored by trained
student volunteers (PBT over .10%)
We asked: How does Penn State handle intoxicated students?
2007 Penn State University CSAP poll—19 campuses and University Park
“Please describe a typical scenario where a staff member has encountered a student who was drinking too much and may be at risk for alcohol poisoning”
--Police and Res Life professional staff determine if the student should be taken to the hospital. If it is determined the student does not need medical attention, RAs check on the student for a few hours. -- The Coordinator notifies Police Services and a PBT is administered. If above o.25%, hospitalization would be considered. If the PBT is not high and we believe the student is not a danger then they are released to a sober student.
Two Model Programs 1. New England College 2. Lock Haven University
New England College In Henniker, MassApproximately 1,060 undergraduates• 450 graduate students• 52% Men & 48% Women• Campus Residents: 70%
Protective Custody Program“A temporary custody of a student by a Campus
Safety Officer or a protective custody monitor for the sole purpose of the students protection due to the students intoxicated, impaired, or incapacitated state in which they pose a threat to themselves or to another”
Program in existence for 10 yearsIs under the direction of the Dept. of Campus SafetyStudents are referred to program by Campus Safety
Officers or Henniker Police Dept.If a student refuses to go to program, Henniker
Police transport student to jail
Includes on and off-campus students If PBT is below .10% and the student passes police impairment
tests, the student is released on his/her own recognizance back to the community
-- if he/she fails the impairment tests, is remanded to a protective custody monitor If PBT is over .10%, but under .25%, and the Campus Safety
Officer determines the student to be a threat to themselves or others, the student is placed in the protective custody room with a monitor
-- Must remain in custody for a minimum of four hours -- If after 4 hours, the student is under 21 and PBT is higher than .10%, the student must remain in protective custody until the PBT falls below .10% -- If after 4 hours, the student is over 21 and still posing a
threat to themselves or others, the student must remain in protective custody until they can be released back to the community
Protective Custody MonitorsRecruited from the campus—can be students ,
faculty or staffCannot have a history of alcohol complaintsMust have a minimum of current CPR/Standard First Aid certificationMust complete Blood Bourne Pathogens trainingMust stay with student at all timesCan only monitor two students at a timeAre compensated $25 per hourAre on call
While in Protective CustodyNo visitorsSubmit to a breathalyzer testing upon
admittance and departureHave vital signs assessed upon admittance
and departureIf condition worsens, 911 is calledIf student becomes uncooperative, the duty
officer is called and the student is transported to Merrimack County Jail to which he/she shall remain for 24 hours
Cost of the programStudents are sent an invoice -- includes description of the charges (routine cleaning, linen, monitor fee, administrative fee, biohazard kit) -- the lowest amount is $155 -- must be paid in full to the Business Office within 30 days, or, -- the total amount due will be added to student bill and submitted to home address for payment The college does give a budget to manage the
program -- enough money to cover expenses
Lock Haven UniversitySituated in Central Pa4,665 at the Main Campus in Lock HavenSeven residence halls
Lock Haven University EMT Program
For students who are not able to take care of themselves
In effect for 9 yearsFalls under the Housing DeptDr. Carol Latronica manages it—she hires the EMTs
and manages scheduleIs housed in the infirmary where Police Services is
also locatedHas several beds and is equipped with an EMT bagOpen 7:00pm Friday through 7:00am Sat; also 12
hours Sat through Sun morningTypically sees 10 students per semester
Emergency Medical TechniciansRecruited by Dr.Latronica—she has never
had difficulty finding enough EMTsUsually hires 4-5 EMTs that rotate weekendsHave to have proof of EMT and CPR
certification Paid minimum wage—24 hours per weekend,
whether called in or notDon’t use breathalyzer machineAlways refer to ER if vomiting
Referrals to EMT program On or off-campus residents; not for non-
studentsAge 18 and overHall Directors or on-duty Dean usually
determines referral to EMT programLock Haven Police or apartment owners can
refer students
ProceduresNo agreement or acceptance form requiredParents are NOT contacted; however, they are
called if the student wants to leaveStudents are required to stay until 7:00 AM the
next morningFee is $50—no matter how many hours they are
thereStudents are usually cited for underage drinkingJA--first violation—1 yr probation and online assessment --third violation—expelled
Now it’s our turn!!!
The Penn State The Penn State Altoona Altoona Sober Up Sober Up
Safely ProgramSafely Program
How to develop a social detox:Steps we’ve taken so far
Began as issue raised through our ADAPT committee
Researched how other colleges handle intoxicated students
Received approval from U.P. Risk Management to proceed
Developed a proposal -- identified the need for the program using
stats from our campus -- identified the liability issues if we do not
have the program -- garnished support of key players -- outlined solutions -- proposed evaluative measures -- developed a timeline -- submitted proposal to the Chancellor
Needs Identification
PBT/BAC 2004/2005
2005/2006
2006/2007
2007/2008
Fall 2008
.15 to .20 13 20 28 30 21
.21 to .26 3 11 9 8 5
In the Penn State Altoona spring 2008 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Survey:
-- thirty nine percent thirty nine percent of students replied they had to
babysit a drunken student. “What would you do if a friend has passed out and
cannot be awakened?” -- fifty seven percent fifty seven percent of our students responded
that they would not call 911 or enlist the help of an
R.A.
Liability Issues
Our Number 1 concern is the safety of our students
By releasing students who are intoxicated to a roommate or a friend, we may be endangering the intoxicated student and/or the roommate/friend and possibly other students
Would we rather be sued for helping a student or be sued because we did nothing and a student was injured, or even worse, died?
We got the “thumbs up” from University Park to proceed!!!!!
Garnished Support of Key Players
Most are on the ADAPT committee so this was easy
-- Director of Student Affairs -- Director of Police Services -- Director of Judicial Affairs -- Director of Health and Wellness Center -- Police from the Altoona Police DeptMost importantly we have the support of our
Chancellor, Lori Betchel-Wherry
Outlined SolutionsDetermined which dept. will oversee the programNeed to find a place where the program will be housedMedical protocols and procedures will be developed
by Health Services staff -- Vital signs and PBT levels will be gathered at predetermined intervals -- Establish guidelines with criteria to determine when transfer to E.R. is indicated or student is
safe to be discharged
Write policies explaining the program -- identify who is eligible for services -- who can refer to the program -- guidelines to determine when a student
should be referred -- procedures to refer the student -- explanation of what happens when students
are receiving services -- what to do if a student refuses to go to the program
-- process for billing student for services rendered
-- determine if student will be cited for underage
drinking -- Judicial Affairs policy regarding
violations
Evaluative MeasuresCollect data from the program -- number of students referred -- number of students who refused services -- review PBT levels -- number of students requiring transfer to E.R. -- number of referrals from each referral source -- number of students cited for underage
drinking -- number of students referred more than once -- how many students referred per evening
Collect data on underage drinking citations from Police Services , Judicial Affairs and local Police Depts
Analyze all data -- determine utilization of the program -- assess if program needs to be expanded -- assess if program has impacted citations
Established timelineFebruary 09—submitted PLCB grant applicationAugust 09—secure room for the program,
establish polices, procedures, and protocolsOctober 09—develop brochures and letters to
inform students and parents of programNovember 09—recruit EMTs, disseminate
program info campus-wideDecember 09—send out letters and brochures to
all parents, train EMTs, purchase equipment needed for program, hold meetings with local police depts
January 2010—implement programMay 2101—analyze data to determine
utilization and program effectiveness, write year-end report
August 2010—revise program if indicated by year-end report, include program info at FTCAP and freshmen orientation
Submitted Proposal to Chancellor
Submitted to her in FebruaryApproved by the Chancellor
Submitted PLCE Grant Application
Requesting money to purchase PBT machine for the program
Requesting funds to cover the compensation of 4-6 EMTs
-- rotate being on-call Thurs- Sat from 9:00PM to 7:00 AM -- 500 hours that need to be covered in spring 10 -- will be paid minimum wageRequesting money to cover costs of three hour
training
The The Beginning!!!Beginning!!!
Thank YouPlease contact me if you would like a copy of the
powerpoint and/or if you have any questions.
Contact info: Essie Auker Assistant Director, Health and Wellness Center Penn State Altoona
Phone: 814-949-5540Email: esa11@psu.edu
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