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A Handoff Architecture with Relay Agent in Nested Mobile Networks
1Jae Kul Lee, 2Choong Seon Hong1,2 School of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University
Korea 449-701
jaekul75@networking.kyunghee.ac.kr, cshong@khu.ac.kr
Introduction The evolution of information technology has enabled a
mobile object such as person, car, bus, train, airplane, or
ship to carry a plethora of information device
Although Mobile IPv6 can be considered as a solution for
the problem, it does not support in the situation
Routing is inefficient in nested mobile networks with
several subnets
This paper proposes an architecture and element to
support packet routing for mobile networks
Packet Format of the Binding Update
0 8 16 23
Option Type Option Length
A|H|R|D|P|Rervd Prefix Length Sequence Number
Lifetime
Sub-Options
Table 1. Binding update option format
0 8 16 23
Sub-Option Type Sub-Option Len Prefix Length
MONET Prefix
Table 2. MONET prefix sub-option
Operation of main components Correspondent node operation
Checks validity of binding updateCreates a new entry in binding cacheLooks for entry corresponding to the destination address
Home agent operationChecks validity of binding updateTunnels the packet to the CoA coincide with a prefix
Mobile router operationSends the prefix scope binding update to its HADecapsulates packet and send packet to the original
destinationSends prefix scope binding update to the original sender
Scenario of mobile network
::
CNStationary Network
HAMR1
FR
FR
FR
HAMR2
MR2
FRFR
Mobile Network(e.g., Train)
LFN1
LFN2
MR1Mobile
Network(e.g.,
Person)
Routing Table :Prefix2 -> MR2Prefix3 -> MR2
Binding Cache :MR2 -> CoAMR2
Prefix2 -> CoAMR2
Prefix3 -> CoAMR2
::
Routing Table :Prefix1 -> MR1
Binding Cache :MR1 -> CoAMR1
Prefix1 -> CoAMR1
(1)
(2)
(4 )
(3 )
(5 )
Figure 1. Traditional nested mobile network
Handoff within the nested mobile network
Figure 2. Handoff within the nested mobile network
CNStationary Network
HAMR1
FR
LFN1 LFN2
MR1
FR
MR2
FRFR
HAMR2
Mobile Network(e.g., Train)
:
Routing Table :
Prefix2 -> MR2Prefix3 -> MR2
Binding Cache :MR2 -> CoAMR2
Prefix2 -> CoAMR2
Prefix3 -> CoAMR2
:
Prefix 3Prefix 2
Routing Table :Prefix1 -> MR1
Binding Cache :MR1 -> CoAMR1
Prefix1 -> CoAMR1
Prefix 1
FR
Proposed Architecture
MRA(Mobile Relay Agent)
Role
Upon receiving a packet, the MRA set it’s address in this
packet and relays it to next MRA or destination
Manage cache to support for mobile node or networks
Assignment
MRA is dynamically assigned mobile router on the path
when mobile node or router sends Binding Update
massage to Home Agent
Operation scenario in proposed Architecture
CNStationary Network
HAMR1
FR
LFN1 LFN2
MTA1
FR
FR
MTA2
FRFR
HAMR2
Mobile Network(e.g., Train)
Mobile Network(e.g., Person)
:
Routing Table :Prefix2 -> MR2Prefix3 -> MR2
:
(3)
(4)
(5 )
(6 ) Prefix 1
Prefix 3Prefix 2Binding Cache :
MR1 -> CoAMTA1Prefix1 -> CoAMTA1
(1 )
Routing Table :Prefix1 -> MR1
Binding Cache :MR1 -> CoAMTA2Prefix1 -> CoAMTA2
(2)
Binding Cache :MR2 -> CoAMTA2Prefix2 ->
CoAMTA2Prefix3 ->
CoAMTA2
Figure 3. Scenario in nested mobile network with MRA
Handoff in proposed Architecture
CNStationary Network
HAMR1
FR
LFN1 LFN2
MRA1
FR
FR
MRA2
FRFR
HAMR2
Mobile Network(e.g., Train)
:
Routing Table :Prefix2 - > MR2Prefix3 - > MR2
:
Prefix 3Prefix 2Binding Cache :
MR1 - > CoAMTA1
Prefix1 - > CoAMTA1
Routing Table :Prefix1 - > MR1
Binding Cache :MR1 - > CoAMRA2
Prefix1 - > CoAMRA2
Binding Cache :MR2 - > CoAMRA2
Prefix2 - > CoAMRA2
Prefix3 - > CoAMRA2
Figure 4. Handoff within the nested mobile network
Simulation(1)
Figure 5. Response time of HTTP
Figure 6. Average of response time in the FTP download
Simulation(2)
Figure 8. End-to-end of Video conferenceFigure 7. Response time of DB Query
Conclusion This paper proposes MRA that supports route optimization
in the nested mobile network
Mobile IPv6 with MRA allows top-level Router on a mobile
network to directly communicate with CN
The simulation corresponding to response time of HTTP,
FTP, DB and end-to-end delay of video conference shows
that the proposed method is much better than the existing
one
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