View
5
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
A Brief History of Psychology
Chapter 1, Section 2
Essential Question
Has the field of psychology evolved over time and, if so, what has led to this process?
I CAN-
● Explain important trends in the history of psychology
● Identify various approaches to the field of psychology
● Analyze why Sigmund Freud smokes cigars
Introduction
● Psychology has molded from other sciences○ Greek philosophers○ Reliance on observation
● Phrenology- practice of examining bumps on a person’s skull to determine that person’s intellect and character traits
○ Phrenology activity - 10 minutes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80dZ71Km6_g&feature=related
Clip- 3:30
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nck46Bzt2c
Clip- 1:20
Phrenology accurately identifies personality traits….. Do you….
Drag your dot to indicate whether you agree or disagree:
Agree Disagree
Historical Approaches
1. Structuralism2. Functionalism3. Inheritable Traits4. Gestalt
Structuralism● Wilhelm Wundt- a psychologist who
studied the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences○ Established modern psychology as
a separate, formal field of study○ First “Laboratory of Psychology” in
Leipzig, Germany○ Developed method of
self-observation
Functionalism
● William James taught first class in psychology at Harvard University● Considered “Father of Psychology” in America● Studied how animals and people adapt to their environment
Wundt and James as founders of psychological practice:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SW6nm69Z_IE
1:10 minutes
Psychology 101 Video
Why was Wilhelm Wundt’s introspection method criticized, and what did Wundt’s & James work help to shape?
Inheritable Traits
● Sir Francis Galton● www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP27i05-vTg● Understand how heredity influences a person’s abilities, personality, behavior● A person’s heredity and environment interact to influence intelligence● Helped to create modern personality and IQ tests● https://www.123test.com/iq-test/id=DBSOVFQREJ1L&version=
Click on the IQ test box and take the IQ test on the left, then draw or type your result in the space provided:
IQTEST
Gestalt Psychology
● Gestalt means “whole pattern”● Argued that perception is more than the sum of its parts
○ Imagine a chair… what do you see?
■ Do you imagine a whole chair or do you recognize the legs, seat, back?
● Forerunner for cognitive approaches to the study of psychology
Part 2- To Be ContinuedThe Contemporary Approaches
Contemporary Approaches
1. Psychoanalytic2. Behavioral3. Humanistic4. Cognitive5. Biological6. Sociocultural
Psychoanalytic
● Sigmund Freud○ Psychoanalyst ○ More interested in unconscious
thought○ Believed unconscious mind
controlled behavior○ https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=L1ya3HFN2bM
Talking Theory
Free Association
○ Revealed operation of unconscious processes
○ Dream analysis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZq_U2hbnvs
ANSWER AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE WITH THE FIRST WORD THAT OCCURS TO YOUR MIND:
Turtle
Psychosexual Stages
According to Freud, which was the psychosexual stage he wasn’t able to complete as represented by his cigar use?
Oral Anal Phallic Latent
Behavioral Psychology
● Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, John B. Watson● When you investigate observable behavior● Ivan Pavlov- Classical Conditioning
○ Pavlov’s Dog experiment
○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4fti1n2kmss
● BF Skinner○ Reinforcement- response to a behavior that will increase the
likelihood or repeated behavior
Humanistic● Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Rollo May● Each person has freedom in directing his or her future and potential to develop
○ Individual or self-directed choices influence our behavior
● Emphasizes personal growth
Is this statement true or false?According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, one must fulfill physiological needs before (s)he can attempt safety needs.
True False
Cognition
● Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky● Concerned with how thinking
processes, such as intelligence and problem solving, can be used to deal with problems or to develop a healthy personality
Biological
● Biological factors influence our behavior
● Modern PET, MRI scans● Genetic factors influence a
wide range of human behaviors
Sociocultural● Studies the social and
cultural influence on behavior
● Way we think, feel, behave may be linked to culture
● Also concerned with issue of gender and socioeconomic status
Drag your dot to how you are feeling:
Keep going, I understand I’m a little confused Stop, I need help!
Recommended