77190524 Earth as a Sphere

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/77190524-earth-as-a-sphere 1/96

EARTH AS A SPHERE

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.1 a Sketching Great Circles Through the North and South Poles

9.1 b Stating the Longitude of a Given Point

9.1 c Sketching and Labelling the Longitudes of Meridians

9.1 d Finding the Difference between Two Longitudes

9.2 a Sketching Circles Parallel to the Equator

9.2 b Finding the Difference between Two Latitudes

9.3 a Stating the Latitude and Longitude of a Point

9.3 b Stating the Location of a Point

9.3 c Sketching and Labelling the Latitude and Longitudeof a Point

9.4 Distance between Two Points Along a Great Circle

9.4 a Finding the Length of an Arc of a Great Circle

9.4 b Finding the Distance between Two Points Along the Meridian

9.4 c Finding the Distance between Two Points Along the Equator

9.5 a Distance between Two Points Along a Parallel of Latitude

9.6 Shortest Distance between Two Points

9.7 Solving Problems

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

GREAT CIRCLE?

A great circle is a circle onthe surface of the earth with the centre

of the earth as its centre

9.1a Sketching Great Circles Through theNorth and South Poles

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Longitude

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.1a Sketching Great Circles Through the North

and South Poles

PIn the diagram, O is the

centre of the earth, N is

the North Pole and S is

the South pole.

Sketch a great circle

which passes through

the point P, North Poleand South Pole

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Great Circle

and South Poles

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

and South Poles

In the diagram, O is the

centre of the earth, N is

the North Pole and S isthe South pole.

Sketch a great circle

which passes through

the point Q, North Poleand South Pole

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Great Circle

and South Poles

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.1 b Stating the Longitude of a Given Point

One-half of a great circle joining the North and the South Poles

is called a meridian

Therefore, there are two meridians on any great circle passing

through both poles

All points which lie on the same meridian have the same longitude

The meridian which passes through the Greenwich town in

England is known as the Greenwich Meridian. Its longitude is 00.

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

The longitude of a meridian is determined by

the angle between the plane of the meridian

and the plane of the Greenwich Meridian, and

the position of the meridian due east or due west of the

Greenwich Meridian.

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Meridian

– x0

The longitude x0W and the longitude (1800 – x0)E

belong to the same great circle

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Meridian

x0E(1800 – x0)W

The longitude x0E and the longitude (1800 – x0)W

belong to the same great circle

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

1200300

EXAMPLE

the diagram, NGSthe Greenwich

eridian and O is the

ntre of the earth.

iven that ∟POG = 300

d ∟QOG = 1200, state

e longitude of

) the point P,

) the point Q,) the point R.

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

1200300

SOLUTION

Longitude of point P

= 300W

∟POG = 300 and point

P lies due west of theGreenwich Meridian

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

1200300

SOLUTION

Longitude of point Q

= 1200E

∟QOG = 1200 and point

Q lies due east of the

Greenwich Meridian

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

1200300

SOLUTION

Longitude of point R

= Longitude of point Q= 1200E

Point Q and point R lie on

the same meridian

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.1 c Sketching and Labelling

the Longitudes of Meridians

Sketch and label the meridian which has each of

the following longitudes

(a) 1050E

(b) 1050W

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

SOLUTION

Meridian

Greenwich, 00

SOLUTION

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Meridian

Greenwich, 00

SOLUTION

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Meridian

Greenwich, 00

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Meridian

Greenwich, 00

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.1 d Finding the Difference between

Two Longitudes

The difference between two longitudes can be determined by;

subtracting the angles of longitudes if both the longitudes are

due west (or due east) of the Greenwich Meridian,

adding the angles of longitudes if one of the longitudes is

due east of the Greenwich Meridian and the other longitudeis due west of the Greenwich Meridian.

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

EXAMPLE

500w 550E

The difference

between the longitudesof point P and point Q ?

800 - 500

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

EXAMPLE

500w 550E

The difference

between the longitudesof point R and point S ?

1000 - 550

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

EXAMPLE

500w 550E

The difference

between the longitudesof point Q and point R ?

500 + 550

= 1050

Greenwich

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

The Equator is the great circle whose plane is

perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the earth

The circles on the surface of the earth whose planes

are parallel to the Equator are known as the

parallels of latitudes

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Parallels

of latitudesEquator

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

LATITUDE ?

A latitude is the angle at the centre of the earth which is subtended by the arch

of a meridian starting from the Equator to the

parallel of latitude

9.2 a Sketching Circles Parallel to

the Equator

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

LATITUDE ?

The angle also shows the position of theparallel of latitude due north

or due south of the Equator

9.2 a Sketching Circles Parallel to

the Equator

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

000 x0

The latitude of

point P is y0S

The latitude of

point Q is x0N

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

000 300

The latitude of

point P is 300S

The latitude of

point Q is 300N

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.2 b Finding the Difference between

Two Latitudes

The difference between two latitudes can be determined by;

subtracting the angles of latitudes if both the parallels

latitudes are due north (or due south) of the Equator

adding the angles of latitudes if one of the parallels of

latitudes is due north of the Equator and the other parallel of latitude is due south of the Equator.

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

EXAMPLE N

the diagram, H, L,

, and K are four

oints on the same

eridian. Calculate

e difference intitude between

) point H and

point L,

) point L and pointM,

) point M and point

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

SOLUTION N

The differencebetween the latitudes

of point H and point

800 - 150

= 650 0

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

SOLUTION N

The difference

between the latitudes

of point M and point K ?

650 - 230

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

SOLUTION N

The difference

between the latitudes

of point L and point M ?

150 + 230

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.3 a Stating the Latitude and Longitude of a Point

LOCATION OF A PLACE ?

The location of a place on the surface of the

earth is determined by latitude and longitude

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

EXAMPLEN

000520

the diagram, NGTS

he Greenwichridian. Given that

OT = 520,

OT = 420 and

OP = 1240

, statelatitude and the

gitude of

point G,

point T,

point L,point M,

point P,

point Q.

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

000520

SOLUTION

520N 00

520N 420W

00 420W

E520N 1240E

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

EXAMPLEN

the diagram, NTGS

OT = 520,

OT = 420 and

OP = 124

, statelatitude and the

gitude of

point G,

point T,

point L,point M,

point P,

point Q.

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

SOLUTION

520S 00

520S 420W

00 420W

E520S 1240E

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.3b Stating the Location of a Point

LOCATION OF A POINT ?

The location of a point P, at latitude x0N

and longitude y0E, is written as P(x0N,y0E)

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

EXAMPLEN

000520

the diagram, NGTS

OT = 520,

OT = 420 and

OP = 124

, statelocation of

point G,

point T,

point L,

point M,point P,

point Q.

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

000520

SOLUTION

L(520N, 420W)

G(520N, 00)

N, 1240

M(00, 420W)

T(00, 00)

P(00, 1240E)

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

EXAMPLEN

the diagram, NTGS

OT = 520,

OT = 420 and

OP = 124

, statelocation of

point G,

point T,

point L,

point M,point P,

point Q.

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

SOLUTION

L(520S, 420W)

G(520S, 00)

S, 1240

M(00, 420W)

T(00, 00)

P(00, 1240E)

9 3c Sketching and Labelling the Latitude and Longitude

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.3c Sketching and Labelling the Latitude and Longitude

of a Point

EXAMPLE

On a diagram, sketch and

label the latitude and longitude

of the points A(500N, 1500E)

and B(500S, 300W)

9 3 c Sketching and Labelling the Latitude and Longitude

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.3 c Sketching and Labelling the Latitude and Longitude

of a Point

SOLUTION

1500E300W

TiPSTiPS AOB is the diameter

of the earth which

passes through the

Centre of the earth

N, 1500

E) and B(500

S, 300

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.4 Distance between Two Points Along

a Great Circle

The distance between two points on the surface of

the earth is the length of arc of the circle which connects

two points along the surface of the earth

One nautical mile (n.m.) is defined as the length of arc

of a great circle which subtends an angle of 1 minute

at the centre of the earth

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

1 n.m.

1’ 1 n.m.

Ө0 = (Ө x 60)’ (Ө x 60) n.m.

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

O OӨ0

Meridian

Equator

Hence, if the angle subtended at the centre of the earth by

The arch AB (along a great circle) is Ө0, then the distance of AB

= (Ө x 60) nautical miles

9 4a Finding the Length of an Arc of a Great Circle

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.4a Finding the Length of an Arc of a Great Circle

Meridian

Equator

Distance AB = 78 x 60

= 4680 n.m.

Distance AB = 50 x 60

= 3000 n.m.

9 4b Finding the Distance between Two Points Along

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.4b Finding the Distance between Two Points Along

the Meridian

The distance of MK = ?

Difference in latitude

between M and K

Distance of MK

= 42 x 60

= 2520 n.m.

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

the Meridian

The distance of HM = ?

between H and M

Distance of HM

= 103 x 60

= 6180 n.m.

9.4c Finding the Distance between Two Points Along

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

the Equator

Equator

30W 1020E

The distance of PQ = ?

between P and Q

+ 1020

= 1050

Distance of PQ

= 105 x 60

= 6300 n.m.

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

the Equator

Equator

30W1020E

The distance of QR = ?

between Q and R

= 1700

Distance of QR

= 68 x 60

= 4080 n.m.

9 4d Finding the Longitude of a Point Along the

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.4d Finding the Longitude of a Point Along the

Equator

The longitude of a point along the Equator can be

found when the longitude of another pointand the distance between the two points along

the Equator are given

9 4d Finding the Longitude of a Point Along the

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Equator

The distance of PQ = 4080 n.m.

Longitude of point Q?

Distance of PQ = 4080 n.m.

Ө x 60 = 4080

Ө = 4080 60

Equator

W E400 00

Based on the above longitude diagram, the longitude of point Q is

(68 – 40)0E = 280E

TOP VIEW FROM NORTH POLE

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

GREENWICH

TOP VIEW FROM NORTH POLE

Longitude400 w Longitude

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Equator

The distance of AB = 4080 n.m.

Longitude of point B?

Distance of AB = 4080 n.m.

Ө x 60 = 4080

Ө = 4080 60

Equator

W E10000

Based on the above longitude diagram, the longitude of point B is

(10 + 68)0E = 780E

Distance between Two Points Along

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.5Distance between Two Points Along

a Parallel of Latitude

α0N A

In ∆OCA,

Cos α0 = CA

Cos α0 = r

Hence,r = R x cos α0

r = R x cos (latitude)

9Distance between Two Points Along

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Length of arc AB

= θ0 x 2πr

= θ0 x 2π(R cos α0)

r = R x cos α0

=( θ0 x 2πR) x cos α0

= Length of arc DE x cos α0

= θ0 x 60 x cos α0

Length of arc DE = θ0 x 60

9 5Distance between Two Points Along

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Length of arc PQ

= Length of arc AB x cos 450

= 6300 x cos 450

= 4454.77 n.m.

Length of the arch AB = 6300 n.m.

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

= (380 + 620) x 60 x cos 520

= 3693.97 n.m.

The distance of PQ

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

The distance of AB

= (780 - 380) x 60 x cos 560

= 1342.06 n.m.

9 6 Shortest Distance between Two Points

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

9.6 Shortest Distance between Two Points

LK460S

Distance from K to L, measured

along the parallel of latitude 460S

KL is the diameter of its parallel of latitude

460460

Distance from K to L, measured

along the route KSL, where S

is the South Pole

= 88 x 60 = 5280 n.m.

4660180 Cosxx

31.7502

9 7 Solving Problems

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Knot is the unit used for speed in navigation and aviation

1knot = 1 nautical mile per hour

Distance (n.m.) = Time taken (hours) x Speed (knots)

Time taken (hours) = Distance (n.m.)

Speed (hours)

Speed (knots) = Distance (n.m.)

Time taken (hours)

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

X(650S, 880E), Y and Z are three points on the surface of the earth.

XY is the diameter of the parallel of latitude 650S. Z lies 6862 nautical

miles due north of X.

(a) State the longitude of Y.

(b) Find the location of Z.

(c) Calculate the distance, in nautical miles, from X to Y, measured

along the parallel of latitude.

(d) An aeroplane took off from Y and flew towards X using the shortest

distance, as measured along the surface of the earth, and then flew

due north to Z. Given that its average speed for the whole flight was

540 knots, calculate the total time, in hours, taken for the flight.

EXAMPLE

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

S O L U T I O N

∠ XTY=1800

Longitude Y ?

(a) Longitude of Y

= (1800 – 880)W

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

S O L U T I O N

6862 n.m

α(b) 6862

= 114.370

= 114022’

114022’

Latitude of Z

=(1140 22’ – 650)N

= 490 22’N880E

Location of Z = (490 22’N, 880E)

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

S O L U T I O N

650SY 88

(c) Distance of YX, measuredalong the parallel of latitude

∠ XTY=1800

1800 x 60 x Cos 650S

= 4564.28 n.m

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

S O L U T I O N

650S Y X

650650

6 8 6 2 n . m

(d) Distance travelled byaeroplane

= 500 x 60 + 6862 n.m

= 9862 n.mTime taken = 9862

= 18.26 hours

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

mnCosc

26.18540

.986268626050)(

.28.45646560180)(

)88,'2249('224965'22114

'2211437.11460

6862)(

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

A(430S, 650E), B, C and D are four points on the surface of the earth.

A, B and C lie on the same parallel of latitude, such that AB is the

diameter of its parallel of latitude. The longitude of C is 280W and D

lies due north of C.(a) Find the longitude of B.

(b) An aeroplane took off from A and flew due west until it reached C.

The aeroplane then flew due north until it reached D which lies

4920 nautical miles from C. The average speed of the aeroplane

from A to D was 560 knots. Calculate

(i) the latitude of D,

(ii) the distance, in nautical miles, from A to C,

(iii) the time, in the 24-hour system, the aeroplane reached point D,

if it departed from point A at 0600.

EXAMPLE

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

S O L U T I O N

(a) Longitude of B

(1800 – 650)W

= 1150W

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

S O L U T I O N

(b) (i) Let < COD = θ0

Distance of CD

= 4920 n.m.

θ x 60 = 4920θ = 4920

60θ = 82

Latitude of point D= (82 – 43)0N

= 390N

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

S O L U T I O N N

CB430S

(b) (ii) Difference in longitude

Distance of AC,

measured along the

parallel of latitude 430S

= 93 x 60 x cos 43= 4080.95 n.m.

280 + 650

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

S O L U T I O N N

CB430S

(b) (iii) Total distance

travelled from A to Cand from C to D

= 4080.95 + 4920

= 9000.95

Total time taken= Total distance

Average speed

= 9000.95

560= 16.07 hours

= 16 hours 4 minutes

Hence, the time that aeroplane reached point D is 0600 + 1604 = 2204

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

4920))((

115)( 0

394382 =−

.95.4080

4360)6528)((

min416

07.16560

492095.4080)(

220416040600 =+=Time

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

F(50ºS, 70ºE), G, H and K are four points on the earth’s surface.F, G and H are on the same latitude such that FG is the diameter.

The longitude of H is 45ºW.

(a)State the location of G.

(b) An aeroplane flew due west from F to H. It then flew 4800

nautical miles due north to K. Given that its average speed for

the whole journey was 680 knots, calculate

(i)the latitude of K,

(ii)the distance, in nautical miles, from F to H,

iii the time taken to com lete the ourne .

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

S O L U T I O N

(a) Longitude of G

(1800 – 700)W

= 1100W

Location of G

= (500S,1100W)

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

S O L U T I O N

1100W F

450W K

(b) (i) Latitude of K

4800 n.m

θ = 4800

θθ = 80

Latitude of point K

= (80 – 50)0N

= 300N

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

S O L U T I O N

1100W F

450W K

(b) (ii) Distance, FH

4800 n.m80

(70 + 45) x 60 x cos 50

= 4435.23 n.m.

(b) (iii) Time taken to

complete journey

480023.4435 +

hrs58.13=

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

hrsiii

mnCosii

)480023.4435()(

.23.44355060)4570)((

305060

4800))((

)110,50)((

K1K1N1

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

P (51ºN, 20ºW) and Q are two points on the Earth’s surface.

PQ is a diameter of the latitude.

(a)Find the longitude Q.

(b) Given that PR is the Earth’s diameter, mark the positions of

Q and R on the diagram provided below. Hence, state the position of R.

(c)Calculate the shortest distance, in nautical miles, from Q to the North Pole.

(d) An aeroplane flew due west from P along the latitude with an average

speed of 500 knots.The aeroplane took 9 hours to reach a point M.

Calculate

(i) the distance, in nautical miles, from P to M,

(ii) the longitude of M.

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

SOLUTION

(a) Longitude of Q

(1800 – 200)E

= 1600E

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

SOLUTION

(b) PR is a diameter of earth, position of R

)160,51(00

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

SOLUTION

(c) Shortest distance,

from Q to the North

510 510

mn.23406039 =x

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

SOLUTION

(d) (i) Distance PM, given

average speed = 500 knots,

time taken = 9 hoursQ

mn.45009500 =x

(ii) Longitude M

18.1195160

45000=

W 018.1392018.119 =+

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

P(510N,200W)P Q

E S Rb

18.1392018.119

18.1195160

4500)(

.23406039)(

)160,51()(160)(

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

R (40ºN, 80ºW) , S and T are three points on the

surface of the earth. RS is the diameter of a parallelof latitude 40ºN. T is 3600 nautical miles to the south of R.

(a) State the longitude of S.

(b) Find the latitude of T.

(c) Calculate the shortest distance, in nautical miles,

from R to S measured along the surface of the earth.

(d) A ship sailed from S to R along the common parallel

of latitude and then due south to T. The total time taken for

the journey was 20 hours. Calculate the average speed of

the ship for the whole journey.

SOLUTION

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

surface of the earth. RS is the diameter of a parallelof latitude 40ºN. T is 3600 nautical miles to the south of R.

(a) State the longitude of S.

(b) Find the latitude of T.

E 0100

S 0204060 =−

T and R are on the same meridian

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

surface of the earth. RS is the diameter of a parallel

of latitude 40ºN. T is 3600 nautical miles to the south of R.

(c) Calculate the shortest distance, in nautical miles,

from R to S measured along the surface of the earth.

S O L U

T I O N

400 400

mn.600060100

SOLUTION

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

(d) A ship sailed from S to R along the common parallel

of latitude and then due south to T. The total time taken for

the journey was 20 hours. Calculate the average speed of

the ship for the whole journey.

66.593

36004060180

mn.3600

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

36004060180)(

.600060100)(

204060

3600)(

8/22/2019 77190524 Earth as a Sphere

77190524 Earth as a Sphere

Documents

Earth-Flat or Sphere - CHC Publications · earth is flat, so the idea that the earth is a sphere is a modern aberration. However, the reality is that many people have believed the

Module 3: The Celestial Sphere Activity 1: The Rotating Earth

Earth as a Sphere 1

straymondhighschool.enschool.orgstraymondhighschool.enschool.org/ourpages/auto/2017/9/8... · Web view2017/09/08 · Earth in Space I. Celestial Sphere - Imaginary sphere on which

Earth Science: Sphere Interactions€¦ · Earth Science: Sphere Interactions Objective: Understanding connections between spheres of the Earth as a Global system Standards: 5a, 5b,

Earth Science: Sphere Interactions Earth Science: Sphere Interactions Objective: Understanding connections between spheres of the Earth as a Global system Standards: 5a, 5b, 5c, and

The Earth and Beyond Next. C. B. What shape is the Earth? Is it: A. A square.A circle.A sphere

Earth is a Sphere - round 3-d objectstaff.camas.wednet.edu/blogs/anthonyjuarez/files/... · Earth is a Sphere - round 3-d object Aristotle Greek 350 B.C. curved shadow. Earth is a

THE EARTH AS A SPHERE THE GRATICULE THE EARTH AS AN OBLATE ...esripress.esri.com/storage/esripress/images/315/mapuse_ch1.pdf · This figure is either a sphere (a three-dimensional

The Earth as a Rotating Planet Chapter 1. The Shape of the Earth Earth or Sun moving? Early sailors view…… Is the Earth a perfect sphere? (Quasi-sphere)*—Rotation

Our Earth. Not What You Think Earth is not a perfect sphere Oblate Spheroid Slightly flattened sphere Spinning on the axis causes the polar regions

AIR MASSES Effects of Earth Earth is a sphere uneven heating convection currents world-wide wind patterns Rotation of Earth Coriolis Effect

PHYS3651 The Physical Universe - Department of …phys3651/notes.pdfis what we mean by a celestial sphere in the followings. Earth Celestial sphere Figure 1.1: Earth inside the in

EARTH AND SPACE SYSTEMS. Did you know? Earth’s surface is 66% water and 34% land. From space, Earth appears as a blue and white sphere hanging in the

5.The Earth as an Observatory Earth as an Observato… · Eratosthene’s Experiment. Eratosthene’s Experiment. How do we know the Earth is spherical? • sphere • oblate spheroid

Chapter 23 I Earth as a Sphere (Enrichment)

Chapter 16 II Earth as a Sphere ENRICH

chapter one the earth and earth coordinatesdownloads2.esri.com/ESRIpress/images/205/121250-MapUse-sample... · the earth and earth coordinates The earTh as a sphere The graTicule

Dimensions of the Earth. Shape and Composition of the Earth The Earth is close to being a perfect sphere. The Earth bulges slightly at the equator and

Geology and Earth Resources By: Michela Griffin. Earth as a Layered Sphere Core: Interior of the earth; composed of a dense, intensely hot mass of metal