7.3 – Cell Structures & Organelles State Standard SB1a Explain the role of cell organelles for...

7.3 – Cell Structures & Organelles

State StandardSB1a

Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis & cell reproduction.

Plasma (Cell) Membrane– Function: controls what comes into & what

goes out of the cell

– Structure: Semi-permeable phospholipid bi-layer

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Cytoplasm– Substance between the plasma membrane &

nucleus

– Includes cytosol (liquid), organelles, cytoskeleton, & various particles

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Cytoskeleton– Made of microtubules & microfilaments

– Structural support & transport mechanism

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Nucleus– Nickname: “The Control Center”

– Function: holds the DNA

– Parts:1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus

that helps make ribosomes

2. Nuclear Envelope – covers

the nucleus – has tiny pores

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus Ribosomes

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Ribosomes– Function: make proteins

– Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)– Nickname: “Roads”

– Function: The internal delivery system of the cell

7.3 Structures and Organelles

– 2 Types:

1.Rough ER: – Rough appearance because it has ribosomes

– Function: site of protein synthesis - that’s why it has ribosomes

2.Smooth ER:– NO ribosomes

– Function: makes lipids

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Complex

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex– Nickname: The shippers

– Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell

– Appearance: stack of pancakes

– Hint: Golgi begins w/ G. G is for Gift. We wrap a gift in a package before we send it.

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes

– Nickname: “Clean-up Crew”

– Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

– Hint: “Lyso-Lysol” – Lysol products are for cleaning

– ***only found in

– animal cells***

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Mitochondria– Nickname: “The Powerhouse”

– Function: Energy formation• Breaks down food to make ATP

– ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Centrioles– Found in animal cells & most protist cells

– Occur in pairs

– Function: important for cell division

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Cilia

Short, numerous projections that look like hairs

Cellular Structure and Function

Flagella

Longer and less numerous than cilia

Create movement with a whiplike motion

400x

26,367x

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Chapter 7

• Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Large Vacuole– Function: stores water

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Chloroplast– Function: traps energy from the sun to produce

food for the plant cell

– Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Cell Wall– Function: provides support and protection to

the cell membrane

– Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Comparing Plant and Animal CellsPlant Animal

Cellular Structure and Function

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Chapter 7

Cellular Structure and Function

7.3 Structures and Organelles

Chapter 7

A. ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus

B. cell membrane, lysosome, Golgi apparatus

C. nucleus, centriole, vacuole

D. endoplasmic reticulum, cilia, mitochondrion

Which cell organelles are directly involved with the production of proteins?

Cellular Structure and FunctionChapter 7

Chapter Diagnostic Questions

A. chloroplast

B. endoplasmic reticulum

C. Golgi apparatus

D. mitochondrion

Which organelle is similar to the section of a factory that organizes, boxes, and ships the final product?

Cellular Structure and FunctionChapter 7

7.3 Formative Questions

A. chloroplast

B. lysosome

C. nucleus

D. vacuole

In which structure is light energy captured and converted to chemical energy?

Cellular Structure and FunctionChapter 7

7.3 Formative Questions

Compare and contrast plant and animal cells.

Cellular Structure and Function

Answer: Plant cells have both cell walls andchloroplasts. Animal cells do not have these structures. Only animal cells contain lysosomes. Both plant and animal cells have plasma membranes, a nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, centrioles, a nucleolus, ribosomes, and a cytoskeleton.

Chapter 7

Chapter Assessment Questions

A. centrioles

B. endoplasmic reticulum

C. mitochondria

D. ribosomes

Muscle cells require a great amount of energy. Which would you expect to find in large numbers in muscle cells?

Cellular Structure and FunctionChapter 7

Standardized Test Practice

In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes?

A. a plant cell that stores food, enzymes, or other materials

Cellular Structure and FunctionChapter 7

Standardized Test Practice

B. a plant cell that uses light energy for photosynthesis

In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes?

C. a single-celled organism that movesaround its environment

Cellular Structure and FunctionChapter 7

Standardized Test Practice

D. a white blood cell that digests bacteriaand viruses