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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 DEFINITION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Entrepreneurship is the practice of starting new organizations or revitalizing mature
organizations, particularly new businesses generally in response to identified
opportunities. Entrepreneurship is often a difficult undertaking, as a vast majority of new
businesses fail. Entrepreneurial activities are substantially different depending on the type
of organization that is being started. Entrepreneurship ranges in scale from solo projects
(even involving the entrepreneur only part-time) to major undertakings creating many job
opportunities. any !high-profile! entrepreneurial ventures seek venture capital or angel
funding in order to raise capital to build the business. "ngel investors generally seek
returns of #$-%$& and more e'tensive involvement in the business. any kinds of
organizations now e'ist to support would-be entrepreneurs, including specialized
government agencies, business incubators, science parks, and some *s.
1.2 DEFINITION OF ENTREPRENEUR
"n entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a new enterprise or venture and
assumes full accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome. +he term is a
loanword from rench and was first defined by the rish economist ichard /antillon. "
female entrepreneur is sometimes known as an 0entrepreneuse1. 2owever, with the word
!entrepreneuse! being the rench feminine form of entrepreneur, its usage in English in
delineating se'es detracts from the meaning of the word 3Entrepreneur4. Entrepreneur in
English is a term applied to the type of personality who is willing to take upon herself or
himself a new venture or enterprise and accepts full responsibility for the outcome.
+he modern myths about entrepreneurs include the idea that they assume the risks
involved to undertake a business venture, but that interpretation now appears to be based
on a false translation of /antillon5s and 6ay5s ideas. +he research data indicate that
successful entrepreneurs are actually risk averse. +hey are successful because their
7
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passion for an outcome leads them to organize available resources in new and more
valuable ways. n doing so, they are said to efficiently and effectively use the factors of
production. +hose factors are now deemed to include at least the following elements8 land
(natural resources), labor (human input into production using available resources), capital
(any type of e9uipment used in production i.e. machinery), intelligence and knowledge,
and creativity. " person who can efficiently manage these factors in pursuit of a real
opportunity to add value in the long-run, may e'pand (future prospects of larger firms
and businesses), and become successful.
Entrepreneurship is often difficult and tricky, as many new ventures fail. Entrepreneur is
often synonymous with founder. ost commonly, the term entrepreneur applies to
someone who creates value by offering a product or service. Entrepreneurs often havestrong beliefs about a market opportunity and organize their resources effectively to
accomplish an outcome that changes e'isting interactions.
6ome observers see them as being willing to accept a high level of personal, professional
or financial risk to pursue that opportunity, but the emerging evidence indicates they are
more passionate e'perts than gamblers.
:usiness entrepreneurs are viewed as fundamentally important in the capitalistic society.6ome distinguish business entrepreneurs as either !political entrepreneurs! or !market
entrepreneurs,! while social entrepreneurs5 principal objectives include the creation of a
social and;or environmental benefit.
1.3 HISTORY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
+hroughout the theoretical history of entrepreneurship, scholars from multiple disciplines
in the social sciences have grappled with a diverse set of interpretations and definitions to
conceptualize this abstract idea. *ver time, !some writers have identified
entrepreneurship with the function of uncertainty-bearing, others with the coordination of
productive resources, others with the introduction of innovation, and still others with the
provision of capital! (2oselitz, 7th century rench economist ichard /antillon. n his writings, he formally
#
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defines the entrepreneur as the !agent who buys means of production at certain prices in
order to combine them! into a new product (6chumpeter, 7
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1.4 NEED OF ENTREPRENEUR
Entrepreneurs play an important role in developing and contributing to the economy of a
nation. t is all the more in a developing world where are ample opportunities for
innovations to e'ploit the available resources and initiate entrepreneurial ventures. :ut
the emergence of entrepreneurship in all countries and in all parts of any country is not
usually even. /ommonly we see more entrepreneurs in comparatively more developed
areas. "nother parado' e'ists in terms of increasing number of unemployed population,
seeking wage earners career and unaware of the wide opportunities for entrepreneurial
career. +his is, by and large, because of lack of education about entrepreneurship.
+he business entrepreneur, the archetypal enterprising person, has become the focus of
interest in many nations as an instigator of social and economic change. +he search is on
for more and better ways of creating enterprising people and specially for developing
entrepreneurs. or this, the role of education and training is typically very important.
Education is a strong influencing media that sets values, develops attitudes and
motivation and induce people to ac9uire skills and competencies to achieve goals. +he
word 0education1 can be linked to the word 0enterprise1 in three ways C
Education about enterprise in which the role of education is in raising awarenessof enterprise and entrepreneurship as a key change agent in economic process.
Education through enterprise in which the education process itself can be
enhanced by using pedagogic styles which work in and makes use of enterprising
situations including the student concerned and real world project driven
approaches.
Education for enterprise, which is aimed at entrepreneurship development and
includes training e'isting entrepreneurs as well as for new business start-up.
1.5 TYPES OF ENTREPRENEUR
De have made the point that the one trait common to all entrepreneurial hearts is a drive
toward 3independence,4 and added that varying levels of that independent spirit serve to
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create a scale on which we could find and define different types of entrepreneurs. 1d like
to e'pand on those thoughts.
+he notion of differing 3types4 of entrepreneurs is only important if one is in some way
connected to the world of self-employment. "nd frankly, unless a person has a direct use
for this type of information, the subject is boring. :ut guess whatF "t least #=& of
"mericans are plugged directly into the subject as small business owners, employees of
those businesses, or family members of entrepreneurs. "s stated before, using a broad
brush to define the entrepreneurial personality will not work for serious entrepreneurs
because it leaves too many possibilities to e'amine, too many roads to travel that are
unnecessary as one decides on their future. n a nutshell, it is neither forward thinking nor
efficient to lump together, all the players and all the personalities. aking broadassumptions about the entrepreneurial personality can also lead to danger and business
failure.
*ver time have identified at least five distinct entrepreneurial types, and that discovery
represents a major step up from the 39uick fi'4 tests that claim to evaluate one1s
entrepreneurial personality in a few minutes time. Gou know the tests 1m talking about.
+he ones found in pop magazines. +he multiple choice 9uestionnaires that help puff up
the ego and encourage us to think of ourselves as independent, entrepreneurial leaders
with 3all the right stuff.4 olks, not all of us have the right stuff for the entrepreneurial
lifestyle, but then again, most entrepreneurs do not possess the right stuff to make it as
great corporate staffers at the highest levels. DhyF :ecause they tend to upset the apple
cart and make other staff uncomfortable.
+he 9uestion is not whether a test says a person can be or should be an entrepreneur. +he
issue is whether or not a person knows in their heart what 3type4 of entrepreneur they are,
if any, before the journey begins. +here is little or no value associated with a 7=-minute
personality test that gives people a green light to buy a franchise. /ould that test possibly
provide better analysis than a system that allows a person to 3think through4 ownership
issues on their ownF +here is little value in those tests, and there is little value in pursuing
an entrepreneurial lifestyle based on what other people claim to be 3hot4 new
=
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opportunities. t is the opinion of the prospective entrepreneur that matters most, but
unfortunately we have been conditioned to accept salesmanship and promotion rather
than thinking for ourselves. +he more informed and definite we become concerning our
traits and objectives, the better choices we are able to make.
Hetermining entrepreneurial type is an integral part of the personal analysis process for
anyone planning to succeed in the grueling world of self-employment.
ow, here is a much abbreviated description of differing entrepreneurial types. +hink of
them as e'isting on a continuum spanning horizontally left to right with an increasing
need for operational and concept independence as the list progresses. o one type is
better, stronger, or more capable than anotherB they simply have different personalities
and styles.
irst, is the EntrepreneurF "lthough tied to the 3other owned4 organization where they
are employed, the entrepreneur enjoys independent responsibilities where risk and
reputation are part of the assignment. Dhat kinds of assignments would those be,
2eading up a take-over or merger or mplementation of a new business development
plan.
+he ranchisee is ne't. +he most comfortable person in this role desires full ownership,
but needs;wants;sees the benefit of total systems association and support. +he :usiness
*pportunity :uyer desires ownership, but leaves the support fold after learning the
business.
+he ndependent goes in owning the business and knowing the business from day one.
"nd, that which is not known will be hustled, figured out, and dealt with on the fly.
inally, the Iractical Jisionary (F) with the 9uestion mark following the term grabs for
the greatest measure of independence. +his person follows their heart and their dream
with great gusto, but the 9uestion mark is attached because until the vision is proven, its
practical value and acceptance by the marketplace remains a 9uestion.
K
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1.6 CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURS
+here are certain traits and attitudes that make some people more suited to running asuccessful small business than others. n one study where entrepreneurs were given a list
of attributes and asked to rate their importance for success, the seven most highly ranked
9ualities were perseverance, the desire and willingness to take the initiative,
competitiveness, self-reliance, a strong need to achieve, self-confidence, and good
physical health .
a) Mental Ablt! " t consists of intelligence and creative thinking. "n entrepreneur
must be reasonably intelligent, and should have creative thinking and must be able to
engage in the analysis of various problems and situations in order to deal with them.
b) Clea# Ob$e%t&e' " "n entrepreneur should have a clear objective as to the e'act
nature of the business, the nature of the goods to be produced and subsidiary activities to
be undertaken. " successful entrepreneur may have the objective to establish the product,
to make profit or to render social service.
%) ('ne'' Se%#e%! " "n entrepreneur must be able to guard business secrets. Leakage
of business secrets to trade competitors is a serious matter, which should be carefully
guarded against by an entrepreneur.
*) H+an Relat,n Ablt! " +he most important personality factors contributing to the
success of an entrepreneur are emotional stability, personal relations, consideration and
tactfulness. "n entrepreneur must maintain good relation with his customers if he is to
establish relations that will encourage them to continue to patronize his business. 2e must
also maintain good relations with his employees if he is to motivate them to perform their
jobs at a high level of efficiency.
e) C,++n%at,n Ablt! " t is the ability to communicate effectively. ood
communication also means that both the sender and the receiver understand each other
and are being understood. "n entrepreneur who can effectively communicate with
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customers, employees, suppliers and creditors will be more likely to succeed than the
entrepreneur who does not.
-) Te%n%al /n,0le*e " "n entrepreneur must have a reasonable level of technical
knowledge. +echnical knowledge is the one ability that most people are able to ac9uire if
they try hard.
1. CONTRI(UTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE ECONOMY
*n the one hand, it is obvious that entrepreneurship is essential to rapid economic
growthB on the other no one agrees on how to measure it and so confirm its importance.Entrepreneurship is about changes in the way of doing business, new products, etc.
1..1 C,nt#bt,n' t, te tea+ ,- an ENTP
n a team environment, the E+I can contribute by8
>
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challenging the status 9uo, and encouraging other team members to achieve more
than they thought they could
leading other team members to a greater understanding of the concepts and
principles involved
involving people who are competent in relevant skills
contributing creative ideas on how the task can be achieved or 9uality improved
creating new ideas out of confrontational discussion
+he potential ways in which an E+I can irritate others include8
initiating too many projects, and not being able to deliver on all of them
introducing too much change, and not leaving well-established, workable routines
alone
not taking sufficient account of current realities
appearing competitive and unappreciative of the contribution of others
1..2 Pe#',nal #,0t
"s with all types, the E+I can achieve personal growth by developing all functions that
are not fully developed, through actions such as8
being selective about the initiation of projects
appreciating the value of e'isting routines that work well
investigating the facts, and documenting them, before interpreting what they mean
taking time to consider the impact of the E+I5s approach and ideas on people5s
feelings
e'pressing appreciation towards others
1..3 Re%,nn St#e''
"s stress increases, 5learned behavior5 tends to give way to the natural style, so the E+I
will behave more according to type when under greater stress. or e'ample, in a crisis,
the E+I might8
spend time brainstorming ideas, and debating or criti9uing what needs to be done
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provide a lot of drive, but try to do too much
draft in people with proven skills to work on the problem
@nder e'treme stress, fatigue or illness, the E+I5s shadow may appear - a negative form
of 6?. E'ample characteristics are8
being pedantic about unimportant details
doing things to e'cess - e.g.8 eating, drinking or e'ercising
e'pressing emotions in an intensive and uncontrolled way
being very sensitive to criticism
+he shadow is part of the unconscious that is often visible to others, onto whom the
shadow is projected. +he E+I may therefore readily see these faults in others without
recognising it in him;her self.
1. HAT DOES SUCCESS MEAN TO AN ENTP7
E+I personalities are motivated by possibilities. +hey love the outside chancesB the
new or unusual combinations lurking within the ordinary everyday world of things and
ideas. or them, something is always on the up, something is always tantalizing their
desire to re-orchestrate life into new patterns and shapesB new ways of fulfilling what can
be as strong as a never ending desire to beat the odds and win at every game in town, or
as mild as a 9uirky personal need for constant variety and change. Dith their thinking
tied to the myriad possibilities they see in the world, they act swiftly and decisively upon
those angles, choices and combinations scarcely noticed by other types, but through
which they can build whole new frameworks or completely redefine an e'isting e'ternal
situation in such a way that it appears new, revitalized and once again full of promise.
6ameness, stasis, conservatism - even daily routine - can be loathsome to fervent E+Is,
whose drive is always to be into something new, different and full of fresh possibilities,
and who, given the opportunity, will always be the first to show others a new path to
success in a venture, or to find a way of doing something that no-one has done before
7$
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1.8 AD9ANTAES
E:%te+ent;Hue to its high capacity for risk, there is a lot of adventure.
Rle' an* #elat,n';Dork in a current job is difficult to do because of all the
!red tape! and consistent administration approval needed.
O#nalt!;6ome people feel that they can offer a new service;product that no
one else has offered before.
C,+
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!doesn5t know the ropes! as well as you do due to lack of e'perience.
N P#,%e*#e';any times during your entrepreneurial life, you will find that many
policies do not make sense, nor will they ever make sense
1.11 FACTORS AFFECTIN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Isychology
2uman /apital
Life /ourse 6tage
Environment
6ocial etworks (ender)
Ethnic
esources
/ulture and Entrepreneurship
1.12 (ASIC PRO(?EMS OF SMA?? ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Irobably the most uncomfortable are the political and ethnical ones.
"ccording to different surveys, the most fre9uent complaints concern constantly
changing laws, high ta' rates, lack of capital, complicated access to credit, lack of
working capital, high competition, and bureaucracy.
+he basic problem is the huge and constantly growing amount of administrative costs, the
e'traction of e'tra-legal fees for permissions and approvals, and the high pressure of
corruption. +he state5s participation in business, its interference in competition and its
violation of the rights of entrepreneurs are serious barriers.
/urrently, the pressure on leu, omanian national currency. "fter 7= years of constant
depreciation of the leu, since last autumn we have been witnessing the opposite situation.
7#
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Entrepreneurs are having a hard time to adapt, especially the ones who e'port in Europe.
"ccess to capital, a labor code that is very much in favor of the employees, and
competition from /hina and other "sian countries are other constraints to developing
entrepreneurship.
1.13 IMPACT OF (I ENTREPNUERSHIP ACTI9ITY
+he importance of entrepreneurship for achieving economic growth in contemporary
economies is widely recognized, both by policy makers and economists. 2owever,
empirical evidence linking entrepreneurship to economic growth is scarce. +his paper
investigates the relation between entrepreneurship and economic growth at the country
and regional level. t contributes to the understanding of how entrepreneurship may affect
economic growth. t is investigated whether the impact of entrepreneurship on economic
growth varies with the development level of an economy, with the sector of economic
activity, and with the 9uantity and 9uality of entrepreneurial supply.
7%
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CHAPTER 2
INDIAN TOURISM
2.1 INTRODUCTION
ndia1s tourism industry is e'periencing a strong period of growth, driven by the
burgeoning ndian middle class, growth in high spending foreign tourists, and
coordinated government campaigns to promote 0ncredible ndia1.
ndia1s governmental bodies have also made a significant impact in tourism by re9uiring
that each and every state of ndia have a corporation to administer support issues related
to tourism.
+he tourism industry of ndia is based on certain core nationalistic ideals and standards
which are8 Swaagat or welcome, Sahyog or cooperation, Soochanaa or information,
Sanrachanaa or infrastructure, Suvidha or facilitation, Safaai or cleanliness and
Surakshaa or security.
+he tourism industry in ndia is substantial and vibrant, and the country is fast becoming
a major global destination. ndia1s travel and tourism industry is one of the most
profitable industries in the country, and also credited with contributing a substantial
amount of foreign e'change. +his is illustrated by the fact that during #$$K, four million
tourists visited ndia and spent @6 O>.< billion.
7
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6everal reasons are cited for the growth and prosperity of ndia1s travel and tourism
industry. Economic growth has added millions annually to the ranks of ndia1s middle
class, a group that is driving domestic tourism growth. Hisposable income in ndia has
grown by 7$.77& annually from #$$7-#$$K, and much of that is being spent on travel.
+hanks in part to its booming + and outsourcing industry a growing number of business
trips are made by foreigners to ndia, who will often add a weekend break or longer
holiday to their trip. . irstly, the tremendous growth of ndian economy has resulted in
more disposable income in the hands of middle class, thereby prompting increasingly
large number of people to spend money on vacations abroad or at home. "ggressive
advertising campaign !ncredible ndia! by +ourism inistry has played a major role in
changing the image of ndia from that of the land of snake charmers to a hot and
happening place and has sparked renewed interest among foreign travelers. oreign
tourists spend more in ndia than almost any other country worldwide. +ourist arrivals are
projected to increase by over ##& per year through till #$7$, with a %%& increase in
foreign e'change earnings recorded in #$$.
7=
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+he +ourism inistry has also played an important role in the development of the
industry, initiating advertising campaigns such as the 3ncredible ndia4 campaign, which
promoted ndia1s culture and tourist attractions in a fresh and memorable way. +he
campaign helped create a colorful image of ndia in the minds of consumers all over the
world, and has directly led to an increase in the interest among tourists.
+he tourism industry has helped growth in other sectors as diverse as horticulture,
handicrafts, agriculture, construction and even poultry.
+ourism industry also provides employment to millions of people in ndia both directly
and indirectly through its linkage with other sectors of the economy. +he numbers tell the
story8 almost #$ million people are now working in the ndia1s tourism industry.
6ome of the salient features of the +ourism Iolicy are8
+he policy proposes the inclusion of tourism in the concurrent list of the
/onstitution to enable both the central and state governments to participate in
the development of the sector.
o approval re9uired for foreign e9uity of up to =7 per cent in tourism projects.
investment up to 7$$& allowed.
"utomatic approval for +echnology agreements in the hotel industry, subject tothe fulfillment of certain specified parameters.
/oncession rates on customs duty of #=& for goods that are re9uired for initial
setting up, or for substantial e'pansion of hotels.
=$& of profits derived by hotels, travel agents and tour operators in foreign
e'change are e'empt from income ta'. +he remaining profits are also e'empt if
reinvested in a tourism related project.
"part from this, government has taken several other measures for the promotion of
tourism. " multi-pronged approach has been adopted, which includes new mechanism for
speedy implementation of tourism projects, development of integrated tourism circuits
and rural destinations, special capacity building in the unorganized hospitality sector and
new marketing strategy.
7K
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+he outlook for travel industry in ndia looks e'tremely bright. ndia as a tourism
destination is the toast of the world at the moment. /onde ast ranked ndia amongst the
top 7$ tourist destinations. ?:/ ranked her as the fifth most attractive investment
destination. :esides, ndia is probably the only country that offers various categories of
tourism. +hese include history tourism, adventure tourism, medical tourism (ayurveda
and other forms of ndian medications), eco tourism, cultural tourism, rural tourism,
religious;pilgrimage tourism, spiritual tourism, and beach tourism etc.
ndia offers myriad e'citing e'periences to tourists. +he country boasts of the world5s
highest mountains, miles of coastline with e'cellent beaches, tropical forests and wildlife,
lagoon backwaters, ancient monuments and Dorld 2eritage sites, forts and palaces, and
of course, the +"? "2"L. +he ndian tourism and hospitality industry has thus
emerged as one of the key sectors driving the country5s growth and is thriving, owing to a
huge surge in both business and leisure travel by foreign and domestic tourists.
"ccording to the latest +ourism 6atellite "ccounting (+6") research, released by the
Dorld +ravel and +ourism /ouncil (D++/) and its strategic partner "ccenture, ndia5s
travel and tourism industry was estimated to generate appro'imately @6O 7$$ billion in
#$$>. +his figure is e'pected to go up to almost @6O #M=.= billion by #$7>, growing at an
average of . 6ignificantly, a country
brand inde' (/:) #$$> survey, conducted by uture :randPa leading global brand
consultancyPin collaboration with public relations firm Deber 6handwick5s lobal
+ravel Q Lifestyle Iractice, has ranked ndia second in the value-for-money inde'.
+he rapid growth of ndia5s tourism industry has been instrumental in making 6outh "sia
the preferred tourist destination as noted by the @ Dorld +ourism *rganization
(@D+*).
7M
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n fact, according to the Dorld +ravel and +rade /ouncil, demand in tourism in ndia
will continue to grow at a rapid pace. t estimates the demand to grow at an average of
>.> per cent between #$$ and #$7%, making ndia the world5s third fastest-growing
tourist market. +he boom in the ndian tourism industry has percolated to the rural areas
as well. ndia continues to attract tourists owing to its splendid historical architecture and
rich culture along with beautiful beaches and rural tourism.
2.2 FOREIN TOURIST ARRI9A?S
Estimates of foreign tourist arrivals (+"s) and foreign e'change earnings (EE) (on the
basis of data received from major airports) are important indicators of the tourism sector.
+" figures for #$$> were =.%M million against =.$> million in #$$M, showing a K-> per
cent rise over #$$M, indicating that despite the global financial meltdown and the recent
terrorist attacks, the number of tourists coming to ndia have gone up. n fact, the ndian
growth rate of =.K per cent for international tourist arrivals e'ceeded the @nited ations
Dorld +ourism *rganization5s (@D+*) forecast of a growth rate of #-% per cent for
international tourist arrivals in the world for #$$>.
"ccording to figures released by the +ourism inistry, EE from this sector posted a rise
of > per cent at @6O 77.= billion in #$$> as against @6O 7$.M$ billion registered in #$$M.
2.3 PROMOTIN TOURISM
"midst fears of global meltdown likely to impact the tourism sector in ndia, the
government is trying to woo tourists.
+he 2imachal government has launched the 52imachal Iradesh 2ome 6tay 6cheme
#$$>5. @nder the scheme, tourists are given the opportunity see the rural areas of
2imachal, enjoying their stay in comfortable home-stay accommodations. Every 2ome
6tay @nit owner shall get the unit registered with the state department of tourism and the
owner of the 2ome 6tay @nit would charge the rates approved by the department.
7>
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@nder the 5Jibrant ujarat5 program, the ujarat government plans to actively market the
tourism sector and is e'pecting an inflow of @6O #$.## billion in the ne't five years as
investment. +he government is planning to introduce an investor tourism policy for the
same.
Dith a 7,K=$-km coastline, the state has big plans of developing beaches in regions like
Autch and andvi on similar lines like those in Aerala and oa.
"t the Jibrant ujarat lobal nvestors5 6ummit, memorandums of
understanding( o@s) worth @6O
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2.5 MEDICA? TOURISM
5irst Dorld treatment5 at +hird Dorld prices5 is how industry sources define medical
tourism in ndia. "lthough ndia is a recent entrant into medical tourism, it is fast
catching up. "ccording to a study by cAinsey and the /onfederation of ndian ndustry
(/), medical tourism in ndia could become a @6O # billion industry by #$7# (from
@6O %=$ million in #$$K). /redit 6uisse estimates medical tourism to be growing at
about #=-%$ per cent annually. ndian hospitals are fast becoming the first choice for an
increasing number of foreign tourists, and as per a /redit 6uisse estimate, nearly 7>$,$$$
medical tourists were treated in ndia in #$$.
+he key selling points of the medical tourism industry are its cost effectiveness and its
combination with the attractions of tourism. any travel agents are now selling
combined packages of treatment and vacation. ndia has some of the best hospitals and
treatment centers which are well e9uipped and are at par with those in the @6, @A and
Europe with costs that are a fractionConly a tenth and sometimes even a si'teenthCof the
cost in the Dest.
#$
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CHAPTER 3
ORISSA TOURISM DE9E?OPMENT CORPORATION
3.1 . HISTORY AND (AC/ROUND
*rissa +ourism Hevelopment /orporation was incorporated in the year 7 rooms, and ourkela #$ rooms. +hese assets valuing s.7%.7M lakhs were
created in the early part of eighties out of institutional finance and share capital assistance
of the 6tate ovt. "lthough the 6tate ovt. has invested further s.>K lakhs by way
of share capital in addition to the initial investment of s. lakhs, the major portion
of this investment has been eroded by way of loss in eighties. "s on %7.%.#$$ the ovt.
of *rissa has invested s.
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9 RAMBHA 13
10 TAPTAPANI 8
11 GOPALPUR 9
12 LULUNG 10
13 DHENKANAL 10
14 PARADEEP 9
15 BALASORE 8
16 DHAULI 2
17 .N.SATAPADA 28
18 CHANDANESWAR 6
19 PANCHALINGESWAR 10
20 CHANDBALI 7
21 KEON!HAR 9
22 BHATTARIKA 2
23 !AADE" "ATIKA 2
3.2 AIMS AND O(@ECTI9ES
N +o develop tourism in the 6tate of *rissa.
N +o ac9uire, maintain and develop all places of tourist interest like Iarks, :eaches,
Ilaces of beauty and recreational spots in the 6tate of *rissa.
N +o provide entertainment by way of cultural shows, dances, music concerts,
cabarets, ballets, film shows, sports and games, son-et-lumiere spectacles and
others.
N +o promote tourism by all ways and means and to adopt such methods and devices
desirable and necessary to attract tourists in large numbers.
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N +o plan and e'ecute 6chemes for Hevelopment of tourist comple'es and tourist
resorts.
N +o establish and maintain any agencies in ndia or any part of the world for the
conduct of the business of the /ompany or for the sale of any materials or things.
N +o take-over and ac9uire from the overnment of *rissa all assets belonging to it
and situate at any place within or outside the 6tate of *rissa and which were
being or are being or can be used in any manner whatsoever in connection with
any activity or enterprise relating to tourism together with the liabilities, if any,
thereof and in particular to takeover all +ourist 2omes, +ourist :ungalows,
2oliday /amps. +ravelers :ungalows, 6tate uest 2ouses, /amping and
/aravanning sites, Iavilions and dormitories together with the catering
establishments attached thereto, tourist information bureaus, youth hostels,
convention centers, electric works and water works and thereafter to run the same
with a view to promoting and developing tourism both internal and international
in the 6tate of *rissa.
N +o establish and manage transport units travel and transport counters, import,purchase, lease sell and run or otherwise operate cars, cabs, buses, coaches,
trucks, launches, ropeways, air-craft, helicopters and other modes of transport.
3.3 MISSION AND 9ISION
+o develop Q promote *rissa as o.7 destination of the /ountry and to transform as amajor profit making organization of the 6tate.
3.4 DUTIES TO (E PERFORMED
+o promote *+H/ as one of the leading 6tate +ourism /orporation and there is a need of
improvement of the facilities, infrastructure, providing easy assessability between
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different tourist destination, improvement in service for continuous training and induction
of professional human resources.
3.5 DETAI?S OF SER9ICE RENDERED
7. 2oteliering
#. +ourist +ransport
%. /ruising and :oating acilities
. E'ecution of +ourist nfrastructure
=. "ir +icketing
K. *rganizing airs and estivals for +ourists.
3.6 CITIEN INTERACTION
+he /orporation is having #% 2otels, # +ransportation units and one E'clusive
estaurant under its management. n addition to this, the /orporation is having its
regional office at ew Helhi, umbai, Aolkata and /hennai. "ll units along with the
regional services directly interact with the /itizens;+ourists to facilitate their comfortable
stay inside the state.
nteractive Iortal www.visitorissa.org has been launched to provide detailed tourist
information through online.
3. A??OCATION OF (USINESS
+he majority of sales of the /orporation is derived from its 2otel Q estaurant service.
+he 6ales from different segments is given below8
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(Rs. In Lakhs)
1- Accommodation 612.04
#=
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2- ood ! "e#e$a%e &64.0'
- S$face *$ans+o$t 1,1.16
4- ate$ *$ans+o$t '.'0
,- S+e$#ision /ha$%es 10.00
6- Ai$ *icketin% 4,.64
&- the$s .02
**AL 1'0.,
3. RE9ENUE AND CAPITA? (UDET
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3.8 TOURIST DESTINATIONS
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CHAPTER 4
COUNTRY HO?IDAYS
4.1 MAR/ET POTENTIA?
"s this project is holiday package therefore it will always have a demand in the market.
t depends when the tourists will be from outside ndia. +hese will a great boom to the
organization. /onsidering the supply of the product competition we will have partnership
with other organizations initially to make the supply good and beneficial to the present
organization.
4.2 A(OUT THE COMPANY
/ountry Jacations is dedicated to creating personal travel e'periences that go beyond thebasic sightseeing tours. Each itinerary has a special focus and local guides (ethnologists)
who know the tribal languages are employed. t consists of tourism professionals and
e'perienced guides who know the places very well. *ur private lu'ury tours are carefully
planned and custom- tailored to meet customer needs so that their trip is everything that
they imagined.
/ountry Jacations has head office at :hubaneswar, *rissa and networking offices at
most of the cities of ndia. De make the tours according to the promise to the customers
in a very affordable price.
*ur motto is the 36atisfaction of the clients4 by providing them all the facilities they
needed.
4.3 TARET C?IENTS
*ur organization will target the ndian tourists irrespective of their class who are always
ready for entertainment. De have tour packages for both high income as well as middle
income group. +he most important thing that we take care of is customer satisfaction.
4.4 MAR/ETIN STRATEY
nitially we will do the marketing through newspaper and through internet. +his will be a
slow start but it will be constant movement. +hen with help of media management we
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will select the area where it will be a great profit to us. +he most important is the way we
are doing this marketing because our main attraction is providing more at the cost of
fewer prices.
4.5 TOURIST DESTINATIONS
4.5.1 S,t In*a
+he 6outh ndia5s coastal plains are backed by the mountains rimming the wedge of the
Heccan plateau. *n these plains lie the best beaches in 6outh ndia. *n the rimming
mountains, the western and eastern ghats are the tea, coffee and spice lands. :eyond
these mountains, in the wedge shaped plateau, are great old cities supported by rich farm
lands and a culture that has its roots in the almost historical Aumari /ontinent from
where, they claim, civilization spread across the world. +he south is gracious, graceful,
*ld ndia.
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+he south ndian travel has the following places8
7. Aarnataka
#. "ndra Iradesh
%. Aerala
. +amilnadu
4.5.2 N,#t In*a
+he orth ndia, strategically, most important part of ndia has shaped the course of
ndia5s historical and cultural evolution over the last %=$$ years. +he three main religions
- 2induism, :uddhism and ?ainismB the origin of sacred river anga, Gamuna and
sources of many other important rivers are in northern ndia. +he mighty 2imalayas from
2imachal Iradesh to "runachal Iradesh safeguarding the country are also part of the
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northern ndia.
t includes the following places
7. Helhi
#. 2imachal Iradesh
%. ?ammu Q Aashmir
. Iunjab
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=. ajasthan
K. @ttar Iradesh
4.5.3 Cent#al In*a
adhya Iradesh (/entral ndia), located in the heart of ndia is the largest state in the
country, sprawling over , %,$$$ s9.km. t has one third of ndia5s forests and hence
numerous natural parks and sanctuaries, including Aanha and :andhavgarh
adhya Iradesh is vast plateau surrounded by the Jindhya and 6atpura ountains that
rise from K$$ to 7,%$$ m and make a rugged descent into the valleys of armada and
+apti rivers. +he eastern plateau is poor in agriculture but heavily forested. n the
northeast lies the depression of /hhattisgarh where the west, the alwa region is rich in
wheat and cotton, cotton that brought fame to the cities of @jjain, walior and ndore.
+he state is also rich in teak, rosewood, ebony and 6al forest where tiger, bison, deer and
panther roam, a wildlife protected at the sanctuaries of Aanha and :andhavgarh. +he
armada and apti Jalleys have long served as a passageway connecting east and west
ndia. Ahajuraho is also a place of attraction for lakhs of tourists
4.5.4 Ea't In*a
+he north eastern region of ndia constitutes five states and two union territories. t is the
least e'plored region of ndia for various reasons which include the infrastructure, special
permits and sensitivity of the whole region. +he area is dominated by the tribes speakingmany different languages and dialects. +hese states and union territories border with
yanmar, :hutan, /hina and :angladesh and connect rest of the ndia through 6iliguri
corridor.
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t states with tourist attraction includes the places like
*rissa
6ikkim
:ihar
Dest :engal
"long with the north-eastern states of "runachal Iradesh, 6ikkim, "ssam, eghalaya,
agaland, anipur, izoram, +ripura.
4.5.5 e't In*a
t includes following places
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$a#at t is a complete destination in itself. mposing buildings, ancient monuments,
mos9ues, temples attract a large number of tourists to "hmadabad.
Maa#a't#andia5s third largest state in area and population is one of the foremost
states in agricultural and industrial production
Pnet is the fast grown industrial town with pleasant climate year around is also an
institutional centre of aharashtra, 7M$ kms from :ombay. :esides, aharashtra hat
areas near the Aonkani coastal house several small hill stations.
,a t is the most favored destination for the tourist both from the country and the
foreigners. +he beaches here are wonderful and the climate here is favorable throughout
the year for tourists.
Ra$a'tan t is the states of rajas, this tourist destination is famous for its Ialaces,
Heserts. ?aipur is the capital city the state with a lot of palaces.
4.6 HY (HU(ANESAR AS HEAD OFFICE7
:hubaneswar is the mushroom like growing trading center in the eastern zone of ndia
and last but not the least it1s the capital of *rissa ."s we are from *rissa and we want to
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e'plore *rissa by developing its culture, heritage and religion that1s why we have
planned to start our organization from :hubaneswar itself. "nother factor for starting
from :hubaneswar is there is no real downtown areaB rather, everything is spread out.
+he railway station and the bus stand are close to each other in the center of town.
oreover :hubaneswar is well connected by road, railways Q airways with major cities
*f ndia. +he old temples of :hubaneswar have been the centre of attraction for most of
the tourists who visit this +emple /ity.
4. FACI?ITIES
"ir /onditioned and on- "ir /onditioned bus and cars.
"vailing efreshment during the journey.
Jarious video games, music players, +.J. in the buses and cars.
uides with full information about the place and knowing regional languages.
Iroviding +ourist uide :ook containing site maps, hotel information, place
history etc.
4. OFFERS AND SER9ICES
@nder constant guidance and ardent leadership we will be able to meet the desired service
to our customers. *ur e'pertise also lies in offering a wide variety of latest model basedcar rental options as per customer1s budget and preferences. +hese are rented out for
short-term basis like daily, weekly or monthly at airports, business centers, residential
areas and resort locales. urther, our well developed services also help clients in saving
time Q money.
De offer car rental services for airport pick Q drop, local usage, intercity travel and one-
way rental and as per other customized re9uirements of our clients. *ur services include
lu'ury car rental, economy car rental, premium car rental, "/ Q non "/ coach rental
service and cab service. *ur services meet the re9uirements of8 n-bound travel corporate
travel. Iersonalized lu'ury travel roup travel /onference facilities "irport passes to
receive and drop our clients from national and international airports.
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4.8 TEAM
*ur team comprises of e'perienced and trained drivers who possess valid licenses from
concerned authorities. +hey also have the basic mechanical knowledge of repairing the
vehicles if they face any problem on the way. n addition, they are familiar with all the
places and help in providing correct guidance to the tourists. "ll our team members work
in co-operation with each other, which helps us to grow and also earn valuable trust from
our clients. urther, our team is well 9ualified and e'perienced to provide prompt
services as per the client1s re9uirements.
4.1= 9EHIC?ES E PRO9IDE
De will cater to the needs of both large and small group comprising of -= Q K-< people.
urther, we will provide lu'urious and comfortable coaches and 6@Js as per the client1s
re9uirements. "part from this, our lu'ury car fleet includes "ccord, *ctavia, and
premium car fleet includes ord lkon, 2onda /ity, +ata ndigo and +oyota nnova etc.
Jolvo tourist coaches are designed for efficient safe and lu'urious transport. +hese
coaches with outstanding passenger comfort and attractive e'teriors and interiors, offers
tourists a comfortable and rela'ing journey. n addition, our fleet of vehicles is also well
e9uipped with latest safety features that our clients generally prefer. "ll our vehicles are
regularly serviced and maintained to meet the highest standards and great mileage.
4.11 PRODUCTION SCHEDU?E
Number of Working Days
*ur organization will provide facilities all round the year.
Number of Working Shifts:
+he booking counter of our organization will be opened from morning 7$ a.m. to evening
= p.m. "ny tourist can also do the booking through internet.
4.12 DETAI?S A(OUT THE PRO@ECT
4.12.1 ?,an A+,nt
Yea# Ot'tan*n Inte#e't #ate Inte#e'tBR') (alan%eBR')
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?,an A+,nt
BR')
7 #$,$$,$$$ 7#& =,$>,>$$
4.12.2 ?an* an* (l*n C,'t
S#.
N,.
Pa#t%la# A#ea Re#e* T,tal 9aleBP.A.) Re+a#>'
7. Land 7=$$s9ft s.7=,$$,$$$ n
:hubaneswar
#. :uilding and
urniture
s. ,$$,$$$ single storied
building
%. 6hopping "rena s 7,$$,$$$
T,tal; s. #$,$$,$$$
4.12.3 Ma%ne#e'E
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7. Iower;Electricity K$,$$$
#. Dater =,$$$
%. *ther miscellaneous item =,$$$
+otal M$,$$$
4.12.5 Man,$$$
,$$$
#,$,$$$
M#,$$$
,>$,$$$
,>>,$$$
4.12.6 Re
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7. Iublicity E'penses =$,$$$
#. +raveling =,$$$
%. isc. =,$$$
T,tal 7,$$,$$$
4.12. In%,+e
S#.
N,
Pa#t%la#' Annall!BR') Re+a#>'
7. 2otel "ccommodation 7#,$$,$$$
#. ood Q :everage K,$$,$$$
%. +ransportation >,$,$$$
. "ir Q ailway +icketing 7#,$$,$$$
=. "dditional +our Iackages ,>$,$$$
K. /ottage ndustry Q +raditional
2andlooms
,>$,$$$
T,tal >,$$,$$$
4.12.8 P#,-tablt! P#,$e%t,n'
S#. N,. Pa#t%la#' A+,nt BR'.)
".
:.
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
ncome
/ost of anufacturing;6ervicing
@tilities
anpower
epairs Q aintenance
nterest
6elling and distribution
nsurance
>,$$,$$$;-
M$,$$$;-
>,>>,$$$;-
7$,$$$;-
#,=,$$;-
7,$$,$$$;-
#,$$,$$$;-
$
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/.
H.
E.
T,tal
ross Irofit;Loss("-:)
ncome-ta'
et Irofit;Loss
#,#,$$
#%,M=,K$$
=,7M$$)
R=.
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#
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