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Christmas Trees
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L4 - XMAS TREES
XMAS TREES
- DUAL BORE TREES
- HORIZONTAL (SPOOL) TREES
- VALVES & ACTUATORS
- DEEPWATER TREES
- ALL ELECTRIC TREE
- DRILL THRU SPOOL TREE
Wellhead to casing hangerMetal Seal assembly
Wellhead to casing hangerMetal Seal assembly
Wellhead to casing hangerMetal Seal assembly
High strength load shoulder
Bypass Area
Passive Pre-loadedlockdown system
13 3/8 casing hanger
10 3/4 casing hanger
7 casing hanger For Glenelg thetubing hanger is at this elevationand replaces the 7 casing hanger
18 HP wellhead housing
30 conductor
20 casing
13 3/8 casing
10 3/4 casing
C Annulus
B Annulus
A Annulus
TYPICAL SUBSEA WELLHEAD
H-4 VetcoProfile
Cameron Profile
SUBSEA XMAS TREE FUNCTIONS Basically a stack of valves installed on a subsea wellhead to provide a controllable interface
between the well and the production facilities.
Specific functions of a subsea Christmas tree :
Sealing the wellhead from the environment by means of the tree connector
Sealing the production bore and annulus from the environment
Providing a controlled flow path from the production tubing, through the tree to the production flow line. Well flow control by means of tree valves and/or a tree-mountedchoke valve.
Providing access to the well bore via tree caps and/or swab valves.
Providing access to the annulus for well control, pressure monitoring, gas lift, etc.
Providing a hydraulic interface for the down hole safety valve.
Providing an electrical interface for down hole instrumentation, electric submersible pumps etc.
Providing structural support for flow line and control umbilical interface.
Horizontal / Spool TreeConventional Dual Bore Tree
2 Tubing 5 1/2 Tubing
5 1/2, 7or 9 5/8Tubing
VALVES -PRODUCTION
Master Control Valve
Wing Valve
Swab Valve or Plug
VALVES ANNULUS
Control
* Wing Valve
Swab Valve
CROSSOVER VALVE
TREE VALVES
FAIL SAFE HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR
Gate Valve Slide Bore with Gate in open position
Valve stem moved by hydraulic fluid
Actuator Spring compressed
If hydraulic pressure is lost to the actuator (by design, activated by the control system OR if in an emergency the umbilical is cut) then the spring returns the valve to a safe closed position
Dual Bore XTree
Designed to allow vertical access to the main production bore and to the annulus bore during installation and workover operations.
When a dual bore subsea Christmas tree is connected to a subseawellhead it must interface with the tubing hanger previouslyinstalled in the wellhead. The tubing hanger and tree must becorrectly orientated so that the production and annulus bores are properly aligned and sealed.
Accomplished by interaction of a pin and helix between the tubing hanger running tool and the BOP
DUAL BORE TREE
COOPER CAMERON
FMC KONGSBERG
VETCO GREY
KVAERNER NATIONAL
DRILQUIP
SUBSEA XMAS TREE MANUFACTURERS
XMAS TREE SCHEMATIC WITH CONTROL SYSTEM
Note all control functions pass through the Tree Cap. With Tree Cap removed the control functions can be taken over by a drilling rig.
DUAL BORE XMAS TREES
DRIL QUIP Showing Protection frameOSENBERG Tree
Horizontal XTrees Side valve tree or SpoolTree.
Most obvious distinction from the dual bore tree: the production and annulus bores branch horizontally out of the side of the treebody /valves on a horizontal axis.
No production or annulus swab valves. Access to the well bore by removing the internal tree cap, or a wireline plug within the internal tree cap.
Other distinguishing features of the horizontal tree:
1. the tubing hanger is installed in the tree itself, rather than in the wellhead and
2. the top of the tree is designed so the BOP may be landed onto the tree. This arrangement allows the tubing string to be recoveredwithout first retrieving the tree.
KEY
PWV = PRODUCTION WING VALVE
XOV = CROSSOVER VALV
PMV = PRODUCTION MASTER VALVE
AAV = ANNULUS ACCESS VALVE
AMV = ANNULUS MASTER VALVE
AWV = ANNULUS WING VALVE
SCSSV = DOWNHOLE SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE
DHPTT = DOENHOLE P & T TRANSDUCERS
HORIZONTAL TREE5.5 TUBING WITH 4 PRODUCTION CHOKE & 2 GAS LIFT CHOKE
CAMERON HORIZONTAL - SPOOL TREE
TREE PROTECTION
INSTALLATION USING GULDE WIRES
Tree being run on Guide wires from Drilling Rig with Running Tool
DEEPWATER GUIDELINELESS TREE
CAMERON ALL ELECTRIC TREE
1. ELECTRICALLY ACTUATED PRODUCTION GATE VALVE
2. ELECTRICALLY ACTUATED ANNULUS GATE VALVE
3. ELECTRICALLY OPERATED CHOKE
4. ELECTRICALLY ACTUATED CHEMICAL INJECTION VALVE
5. ELECTRIC SUBSEA CONTROL MODULE
6. POWER REGULATION AND COMMUNICATIONS MODULE
RUNNING WELLHEAD AND CEMENTING CASING
Wellhead locked into housing
INSTALLING THE XMAS TREE
Tree run in drill string using running tool
INSTALLING THE XMAS TREE
Funnel down capture of tree on wellhead
RUNNING BOP AND TESTING
RUNNING BOP AND TESTING
RUNNING BOP AND TESTING
INSTALLING THE CASING
Drill bit passing through BOP
INSTALLING THE CASING
Drill bit enters top of tree see tree bore protected by liner
INSTALLING THE CASING
Drill to required depth and retrieve drill
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