50,000 miles from Britannia to Tigris-Euphrates The Geography of Rome

50,000 miles from Britannia to 50,000 miles from Britannia to Tigris-EuphratesTigris-Euphrates

The Geography of RomeThe Geography of Rome

Italy in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCE

Strengths of RomeStrengths of Rome Protected from Sea invasions (Geography) Located in the on a place on the Tiber River that was a

crossing for all therefore it was located in the middle of trade routes.

The Republic allowed for both flexibility and stability It allowed for input from all of the classes and it

changed with election instead of overthrowing the government (Laws later become government)

Every adult male citizen was obligated to serve in the army. Discipline was strict.

High morals acquired from the legions permeated throughout the Republic (Legions)

After conquering a people the Romans shared citizenship and thus political power with those conquered. (Just application of the Laws and Language)

The ideals of the legion were passed on through the family and the father known as the paterfamilias and their control of the agricultural economy on their small farms. These farmers were also known as citizen-farmers.

Influence of the Etruscans

Influence of the EtruscansWritingWriting

ReligionReligion

The Mythical Founding of Rome

Romulus & Remus

The Mythical Founding of Rome

Romulus & Remus

Republic Established 509 BCERepublic Established 509 BCE

• Rape of LucretiaRape of Lucretia

• Etruscan Tarqin monarchs Etruscan Tarqin monarchs overthrownoverthrown

• Assembly of Tribes (35)Assembly of Tribes (35)– 31 Rural Tribes31 Rural Tribes– 4 Urban Tribes4 Urban Tribes

Republican GovernmentRepublican Government

2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)

Senate (Representative body for patricians)

Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)

Compared Compared to USto US

Struggle of the OrdersStruggle of the Orders• PatriciansPatricians• PlebeiansPlebeians• Attempts to balance their power allows for the Attempts to balance their power allows for the

creation of thecreation of the– patrician class attempting to hold onto powerpatrician class attempting to hold onto power– plebeians trying to achieve social and political equalityplebeians trying to achieve social and political equality– patricians found could not to exist without the plebeianspatricians found could not to exist without the plebeians– plebeians produce the food and supply the labor that kept plebeians produce the food and supply the labor that kept

the Roman economy goingthe Roman economy going– supplied the soldiers for the Roman military.supplied the soldiers for the Roman military.– If the plebeians could act as a group, they could effectively If the plebeians could act as a group, they could effectively

shut down the Roman economy and militaryshut down the Roman economy and military– the latter was especially important since Rome was in the latter was especially important since Rome was in

continual military conflict during the age of the Republic. continual military conflict during the age of the Republic.

The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE

The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE

Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

The Roman ForumThe Roman Forum

Rome’s Early Road System

Rome’s Early Road System

The Apian WayThe Apian Way

Roman AqueductsRoman Aqueducts

Circus MaximusCircus Maximus

Carthaginian EmpireCarthaginian Empire

Hannibal’s RouteHannibal’s Route

Reform LeadersReform Leaders

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus - the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.Military ReformerMilitary Reformer

Gaius Marius - recruited an army from the poor and homeless. - professional standing army.

PompeyPompey

Civil War & DictatorsCivil War & Dictators

Julius CaesarJulius Caesar

Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BCE

Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BCE

The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!

The First Triumvirate

The First TriumvirateJulius Caesar

Becomes “First Counsul”

Never emperorSeizes powerDefeats Crassus and Pomey

Marcus Licinius CrassusGaius Magnus Pompey

Beware the Ides of March!44 BCE

Beware the Ides of March!44 BCE

The Second TriumvirateThe Second TriumvirateOctavian Augustus

First Emperor of RomeEstablishes the Roman Imperial period

Marc AntonyBattle of Actium

Marcus Lepidus

Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First EmperorOctavian Augustus:

Rome’s First Emperor

The First Roman Dynasty

The First Roman Dynasty

Pax Romana: 27 BC – 180 AD

Pax Romana: 27 BC – 180 AD

The Roman ColiseumThe Roman Coliseum

The Coliseum InteriorThe Coliseum Interior

The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire –

14 AD

The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire –

14 AD

The Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of Christianity

St. Paul: Apostle to the

Gentiles

St. Paul: Apostle to the

Gentiles

The Spread of Christianity

The Spread of Christianity

Imperial Roman Road System

Imperial Roman Road System

The Empire in Crisis: 3c

The Empire in Crisis: 3c

Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 ADDiocletian Splits the

Empire in Two: 294 AD

Constantine: 312 - 337Constantine: 312 - 337

Constantinople: The 2nd Rome

Founded in 330

Constantinople: The 2nd Rome

Founded in 330

Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of God”

Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of God”

Byzantium: Eastern Roman

Fall of Rome in the West - 1453

Byzantium: Eastern Roman

Fall of Rome in the West - 1453

Hagia Sophia ca. 532-537

The Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of Justinian

The Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of Justinian

Byzantine Emperor Justinian

Byzantine Emperor Justinian

The Legacy of RomeThe Legacy of Rome• Republic GovernmentRepublic Government• Roman LawRoman Law• Latin LanguageLatin Language•Roman LegionsRoman Legions• Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church• City PlanningCity Planning• Romanesque Architectural StyleRomanesque Architectural Style• Roman EngineeringRoman Engineering

•AqueductsAqueducts•Keystone block in the archKeystone block in the arch•sewage systemssewage systems•DamsDams•cementcement

Trades routes correlate with growth of citiesTrades routes correlate with growth of cities