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8/6/2019 5 Best Lower Body Muscle Function Tests
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Dr Mark McKean PhD AEP CSCS
THE 5 BEST MUSCLE FUNCTION TESTSOF LOWER BODY FUNCTION FORPT'S
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IDEAL HIP POSTURE
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LUMBAR CURVE
Anterior curve
Normal curve isslight curve not toodeep and not tooflat
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LUMBARCURVE
An increase in normal depth of lumbar
curve ANTERIOR TILTNormal depth of lumbar curve -
NEUTRAL
Decrease in normal depth of lumbarcurve P OSTERIOR TILT
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PELVIC ANGLE
ASIS aligned with Pubic bone
PSIS between 0 o-20 o abovehorizontal line to ASIS
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PELVIC ANGLE
PSIS greater than 20 0 above horizontal line
of ASIS ANTERIOR TILT
PSIS between 0 o-20 o above horizontal line of ASIS -NEUTRAL
PSIS below horizontal line from ASIS P OSTERIOR TILT
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HIP J OINTS
H ip and knee aligned verticallywith trunk
180 o at hip joint
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HIP J OINT ANGLE
Increase in hip joint angle with neutral
knees ANTERIOR TILT
H ip and knee aligned vertically with trunk -NEUTRAL
Decrease in hip angle through to extension P OSTERIOR TILT
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2 OUT OF 3 RULE
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ANTERIOR TILT (2 OF 3)
Increase in normal lumbar curve
more than 200
angle betweenPSIS- ASIS
Flexion of hip joint angle withneutral knees
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POSTERIOR TILT (2 OF 3)
Decrease in lumbarcurve
PSIS is lower than ASIS
Extension of hip jointangle with neutralknees
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MUSCLE FUNCTION TEST 1POSTERIOR CHAIN
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FORWARD BEND TEST
1. Indicates calf musclelength
2. Indicates hamstringlength
3. Indicates backextensor length
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RESULT 1 C ALF LENGTH
Short calf
Legs lean backwards from ankleH ips move backwards more than 3-4 cm from vertical
Normal calf
Legs remain close to verticalLong calf
Legs lean forward of vertical
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CONFIRMATION TESTS
T ight calf
Sit and reach toes cannot reach normal dorsi flexionrange
Knee to wall test knee should reach wall if toes 10-12cm from wall
CorrectingTricep surae stretches
Dorsi flexion strengthening
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RESULT 2 HAMSTRING LENGTH
Sacrum should reach 10 0 short of horizontal
Should be able to rest a glass/bottle on sacrum withoutfalling off
Reduced angle ( < 10 0)means hamstrings behaving short
Increased angle (> 0 0 ) means hamstrings behaving long
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CONFIRMATION TESTS
Short hamstrings
Straight leg raise lumbar flexes before 1200
Sit and reach sacrum does not rotate forwards
Long hamstrings
Straight leg raise flex hip joint past 1200
Sit and reach sacrum rotates forwards more thanlumbar flexes
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RESULT 3 P ARASPINAL MUSCLE LENGTH
Lumbar hyper flexion
Lumbar spine flexes more than hip
More common in 18-45 yr olds and more common men thanwomen, and especially tall men
Lumbar hyper extension
H ips flex more than lumbar spine
Common in people older than 55 and shorter people. Also seenmore in obese people with protruding abdomen
Common in anterior tilts, swayed upper backs and lumbarlordosis
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CONFIRMATION TESTS
For H yper flexion
Seated knee extension look for a greater than normalposterior tilt
Straight leg raise lumbar flexes before 120 0
For H yper extension
Seated knee extension causes an increase in lumbarlordosis
Standing shoulder flexion increases lumbar lordosis
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SEATED KNEE EXTENSION
H yper flexion behaviour
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SHOULDER FLEXIONSTANDING
H yperextensionbehaviour
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IMPLICATIONS
Squat movement pattern?
Short calf Short hamstrings
H yperflexion
H yperextension
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MUSCLE FUNCTION TEST2
1 & 2 JOINT HIP FLEXORS
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THOMAS TEST
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RESULT 1 1 JOINT HIP FLEXOR
Short - thigh above parallel or knee higher than hip joint
Short ITB
will provide a false positive if knee kept straightNormal thigh parallel
Long thigh below parallel
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Short hip flexors Long hip flexors
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RESULT 2 2 JOINT HIP FLEXOR
Short knee angle less than 80 0
Long 1 joint hip flexors will produce afalse positive for short 2 jointmuscles and knee will need to belifted back to parallel thigh positionto get accurate measure
Normal knee angle reaches 80 0
Long knee angle greater than 80 0
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COMBINATION 1 & 2 JOINT SHORTNESS
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RESULT 3 ITB-TFL
Shortness indicated by any combination of
Increased abduction of the hip as seen from above, as thehip is placed into extension. The more the hip is extendedthe amount of abduction will increase.
The patella will tend to move laterally as the thigh extendsdue to the tension of the TFL on its normal position.
The thigh may tend to internally rotate
If the leg is unable to abduct, the tension in TFL may causethe knee to extend more than normal knee moves out to theside
Normal knee remains in line with hip and shoulder
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RESULT 4 S ARTORIUS
Shortness indicated by any combination of three or moreof the following actions.
Abduction of the hip taking the knee out to the side
Flexion of the hip causing the knee and thigh to raiseabove horizontal position
External rotation of the hip taking the knee outside that of the foot when viewed from the top
Increased flexion of the knee beyond its normal position if the hip does not abduct.
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IMPLICATIONS
Normal gait
Long/Short 1 joint flexors
Long/Short 2 joint flexors
Short I TB -T FL
Short Sartorius
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MUSCLE FUNCTION TEST 3TRUNK-H IP FLEXION & EXTENSION
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RESULT 2 - HIPS
Strong/normal follows on from trunk curl andcompletes the full movement
eak /disassociated timing between trunk flex and hipflex not smooth and person will lift with flat back, or failto lift
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TRUNK HIP EXTENSION
The hip trunkextension testconsists of twoactions in a similarfashion to the hiptrunk curl test.
The hip extensors firststabilise the pelvis,which allows thelumbar extensors toraise the trunk off thefloor.
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RESULT 1 STRONG TRUNK
Trunk will lift in partial extension
Hips may not move or lumbar may hyperextend
ASIS may press into the floor
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W EAK GLUTES
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RESULT 2 STRONG HIPS
Pelvis may tilt posteriorly
Trunk may not arch or achieve partial arch
ASIS may lift off the floor
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WEAK BACK LESS COMMON
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IMPLICATIONS
Poor connection between upper and lower
eak glutesPelvic tilt
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MUSCLE FUNCTION TEST 4HIP ROTATORS
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HIP ROTATION
Testing positions
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RESULT 1 SHORT LATERAL ROTATORS
Stand with lateralrotation of femur
Toes out stance
May haveposterior tilt
May overusehamstrings as hipextensor
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RESULT 2 SHORT MEDIAL ROTATORS
May stand withmedial rotated
femur and toes in
May have anteriortilt
May over useITB / T FL as hip flexor
eak externalrotators
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STRAIGHT LEG RAISE
Normal range is80 0 with back flatto the floor
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RESULT 1 SHORTHAMSTRINGS
Failure to reach normalrange before lower back
lifts off the floor orlumbar spine hyperflexes
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RESULT 2 LONG HAMSTRINGS
ROM beyond normalrange even with
normal flat backposition
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RESULT 3 POOR ACTIVE ROM
W hen active ROM fails to get within 10 0 of passiveROM
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IMPLICATIONS
G ait
Pelvic tilt
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DR MARK MCKEAN
Post Doctoral Research FellowUniversity of Sunshine Coast - Fitness Researchmmckean@usc.edu.au
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