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BOOKTHE ACRYLIC
A COMPREHENSIVE RESOURCE FOR ARTISTS
AcrylicBookCover.qxd 12/5/06 1:40 PM Page 1
The Acrylic bookA comprehensive resource for Artists
t A b l e o f c o n t e n t s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k�
Chapter 1 IntroduCtIon & hIstory 5
Chapter 2 essentIal InformatIon 7 WhatIsAcrylicPaint? 7
ComponentsofAcrylicPaint 7
HowAcrylicsWork 8
CharacteristicsofAcrylicPaints 9
TechnicalInformation 10
MixingColor:MineralandModernPigments 13
LiquitexColorPalettes 14
Chapter 3 lIquItex® produCts 16 ColorRanges 16
ProfessionalArtistsAcrylicColor 16
9EssentialThingstoKnowAboutAcrylicColors 17
SoftBodyProfessionalArtistAcrylicColor 18
HeavyBodyProfessionalArtistAcrylicColor 19
SuperHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistAcrylicColor 20
DecorativeSeries 21
Liquitex®InterferenceColors 21
IridescentColors 22
LuorescentColors 22
Liquigems™AcrylicGlitterPaint 23
Glossies™AcrylicEnamelPaint 23
BasicsValueSeries 25
Basics 25
BasicsMatt 26
ChoosingtheRightColor:Artists’Colorvs ValueSeries 27
AcrylicMediums 29
prep 31 SurfacePrep 31
paint 34 FluidMediums 34
GelMediums 40
Effects 48
finish 57 Varnish 57
Chapter 4 applICatIons 62 AcrylicSheets 62
Airbrushing 64
Brushwork 68
t A b l e o f c o n t e n t s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k �
Chapter 4 applICatIons (cont ) Collaging 69
Floorcloths 71
CanvasPreparation 71
Glazing 73
Glossies™onGlass,Tile&CeramicSurfaces 74
MuralPainting 77
PaintingonFabricandLeather 82
Pouring 87
Silk-screen 89
SurfacePreparation 90
Transfers 97
WatercolorWithAcrylic 100
Chapter 5 frequently asked questIons 102
Chapter 6 health & safety 106 HealthLabeling 106
TCLPProductAnalysisFindingsSummary 110
SafeStudioTips 110
Chapter 7 referenCe 112
q u i c k r e f e r e n c e p r o d u c t g u i d e
professIonal Color
SoftBodyAcrylicColor 18
HeavyBodyAcrylicColor 19
SuperHeavyBodyAcrylicColor 20
Value serIes Color
BASICSAcrylicColor 25
BASICSMattAcrylicColor 26
professIonal medIums
surface prep 31
Gesso 31
ClearGesso 32
SuperHeavyGesso 33
ColoredGesso 33
fluid mediums 34
PaletteWettingSpray 34
GlossMedium&Varnish 35
GlazingMedium 36
MatteMedium 36
UltraMatteMedium 37
Slow-Dri®BlendingMedium 38
Gel mediums 40
GlossGel 41
GlossHeavyGel 41
GlossSuperHeavyGel 42
MatteGel 43
MatteSuperHeavyGel 44
UltraMatteGel 44
Slow-Dri®BlendingGel 45
ModelingPaste 46
LightModelingPaste 47
FlexibleModelingPaste 47
effects 48
FabricMedium 48
IridescentMedium 48
AirbrushMedium 49
PouringMedium 50
StringGel 50
effects (cont )
CeramicStucco 51
WhiteOpaqueFlakes 51
GlassBeads 52
BlendedFibers 52
ResinSand 52
NaturalSand 52
BlackLava 53
Slow-Dri®GelRetarder 54
Slow-Dri®FluidRetarder 54
FlowAid™ 55
Liquithick™ThickeningGel 56
Varnish
HighGlossVarnish 57
GlossVarnish 57
SatinVarnish 57
MatteVarnish 57
SoluvarGlossVarnish 58
SoluvarGlossVarnishAerosol 58
SoluvarMatteVarnish 58
SoluvarMatteVarnishAerosol 58
teChnIques & applICatIons
AcrylicSheets 62
Airbrushing 64
Brushwork 68
Floorcloths 71
Glazing 73
Glossies™OnGlass,Tile&CeramicSurfaces 74
MuralPainting 77
PaintingOnFabricAndLeather 82
Pouring 87
Silk-Screen 89
SurfacePreparation 90
Transfers 97
WatercolorwithAcrylic 100
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k�
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k �
Knowledge is power.TheLiquitex®AcrylicBookisforartists,educatorsandstudentsofalllevels Theinformationinthisbookwillhelpyoubetterunderstandacrylicartmaterialsandwillexposeyoutoinnovativetechniquesandapplications TheLiquitex®AcrylicBookiswrittenbythepeoplewhohavemadeprofessionalwater-basedacrylicslongerthananyothermanufacturer Thisbookistheresultofmanylifetimesofexperienceandexpertise
Thiseasy-accessLiquitex®AcrylicBookhassixmainchapters:1 EssentialInformation2 LiquitexAcrylicProducts3 Applications4 FrequentlyAskedQuestions5 HealthandSafety6 ReferenceThe“FrequentlyAskedQuestions”willhelpyousolvecommonacrylicproblems,whilethe“Applications”sectionoffersfinearttechniquesandmanyideasforprojectsandapplications
Ifyouhaveanyspecificortechnicalquestionsthatarenotansweredinthisbook:• Visitwww.liquitex.com forcomprehensivetechnicalinformationonall
Liquitex®products
•Emailqueriestoinfo@liquitex.com
•Callusat1.888.4ACRYLIC (North America Only).
It’sourjobtomakesurethatyouhavetheinformationthatyouneedtobesuccessful
a BrIef hIstory Inthelonghistoryofartmaterials,acrylicsarefairlynew Oilcolorsdatebacktothefifteenthcentury Temperaandencaustichavepedigreesthatarecountedinthethousandsofyears Andwatercolorwastheresultwhenprehistoricvisionariesdevelopedthebasicmodelforpaintthatstillservestoday:acombinationofpigment(earthcolorant),vehicle(fortheearliestartists,saliva),andbinder(prehistoricanimalfat)
Acrylicswerefirstdevelopedasasolvent-basedartists’colorintheearlypartofthetwentiethcentury Thefirstwater-borneacrylic(thekindweusetoday)wasdevelopedandlaunchedin1955 Inthatyear,acompanyinCincinnati,OhiocalledPermanentPigmentsthathadbeenmillingoilcolorssince1933(andrunbyamannamedHenryLevison,wholived,drank,
inTroducTion & hisTory
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slept,andbreathedartist’scolors)launchedanewproduct Thisnewartists’colorwasformulatedwithanacrylicpolymerresinthatwasemulsifiedwithwater Thenewcolorcouldgofromthicktothinandeverywhereinbetween;itwouldadheretojustaboutanything—fromcanvastopapertometaltowoodtoplastic–anditdriedquicklyforeasyre-working,layering,andmasking Mostimportant,itcouldbethinnedandcleanedupwithwater
Levisontriedtocomeupwithanamethatwouldcapturetheessenceofthemediumandthefactthatitcouldgofromfluidliquiditytoheavytexture Hecalledhisnewproduct“liquidtexture,”orliquitex®.
Levisonwasabletoencourageanumberofartiststotrytheproduct,butacceptancewasslow Acrylicsdidn’tgainfullacceptanceintheartistcommunityuntilLevisonfiguredoutaprinciplethatisstillinplacetoday:greatinformationisasimportantasgreatmaterials Baseduponthatprinciple,Levisonlaunchedalecturedemonstrationprograminwhichartistsofferedworkshopsandlecturesontheuseofacrylicstocollegestudentsandprofessors Withinafewyears,acrylicswerebeingusedconsistentlyincollegesanduniversitiesacrossthecountry Anditwasn’tlongbeforeLiquitex®wasbeingusedbysomeofthemostimportantartistsofthelate20thcentury:DavidHockney,HelenFrankenthaler,AndyWarholandothers Becauseofitsdurabilityandversatility,Liquitex®alsobecamethemediumofchoiceforlarge-scalepublicmuralsbyartistssuchasGaroAntreasianandThomasHartBenton Infact,it’sfairtosaythat,withoutLiquitex®andtheworkingpropertiesofwater-basedacrylics,20thcenturyartwouldhavebeencompletelydifferent
Bythe1980’s,acrylicshadbecomethemostpopularandwidelyusedofallpaintingmediums,surpassingbothwatercolorandoilbyawidemargin Thereason?TheinfinitevarietyofapplicationsofacrylicscoupledwiththespiritofinnovationfirstshownbyLiquitex®
Withoutquestion,thereisnomoreversatilecolorsystemintheworld Whilebothoilsandwatercolorrequirecarefulselectionofsurfacesandtechniquestoensuresuccessandstability,acrylicscanbeusedwithsomesimpleguidelinesonvirtuallyanything,toachievevirtuallyanyvisualorsculpturalresult Theycanbeusedoncanvas,onpaper,onfabric,onleather,onmetal,andonwood Acrylicscanbebrushed,troweled,sprayed,poured,splattered,scrapedorcarved Inshort,withalittlecareandtherightadditiveormedium,acrylicscandojustaboutanythingyoucanimagine
Acrylicsoffersuchgreatversatilitybecausetheydothreegreatthings:1. They stick.Toalmostanything Acrylicsoffergreatadhesiontoawidevarietyofsurfaces 2. They flex.Astheydryandage,acrylicstendtoremainfarmoreflexiblethanoils,allowing
themtobeusedwithoutcrackingonawiderarrayofsurfaces 3. They adjust.Throughthewondersofmodernchemistry,theworkingpropertiesofacrylics
canbeadjusted,altered,andmanagedinaninfinitevarietyofways
TotakeadvantageofthisversatilityithelpstounderstandthebasicchemistryofhowAcrylicswork
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What Is aCrylIC paInt?Waterbasedacrylicpaintiscomposedofpigmentparticlesdispersedinanacrylicpolymeremulsion
Components of aCrylIC paInt•pigment
Adry,powderymaterialthatdoesnotdissolveandremainssuspendedwhenmixedwithacrylicpolymeremulsion Pigmentscanbeorganic,inorganic,naturalandsynthetic Theyhavelittleornoaffinityforthesurfacetowhichtheyareapplied
•Vehicle
Acombinationofwaterandacrylicpolymerwhichcreateapolymeremulsion Oncethewaterleavesthesystemviaevaporationorabsorptionthepaintdriescreatingastablefilmtrappingthepigmentparticles
•Binder
Acrylicpolymerwithoutthewater Bindergivesthepaintitshandlinganddurabilitycharacteristics
defInItIons•polymer
A“polymer”isalongchemicalchainmadeupofsmaller,oftenidenticalmolecules Whenfullyassembled,ithasthepotentialforaddedstrengthandstabilityasitlocksintoatightlyorderedstructure Thefinalacrylicpaintfilmismadeofastablepolymericstructurethatlocksthepigmentintoplace
•emulsion
Amixtureofwaterandacrylicpolymer Anemulsionisastablemixtureofcomponentsthatdonotnormallymixwelltogether (Oilandwater,forexample,canbemixedtogetherbutwillstillsettleoutandseparate )Chemicalemulsifiersareaddedtoforcethewaterandacrylicpolymerintoastablemixtureuntilthewatereitherevaporatesorisabsorbed
essenTiAl informATion
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hoW aCrylICs WorkAcryliccolorsdryasaresultofwaterevaporation Here’swhatoccursaspigment,water,andacrylicaretransformedintoalast-for-agespaintfilm:
step 1 Squeezedfromthetube,orscoopedfromthejar,acrylicpaintisafinelybalanceddispersionofpigmentinanemulsionofacrylicpolymerandwater Thewaterservestokeeptheemulsionliquid,andactsasakindofchemical‘chaperone’preventingtheacrylicpolymerparticlesfromgettingcloseandpersonalandlockingupbeforetheartistisready
step 2 Whenexposedtotheatmosphere,waterintheemulsionevaporates,orisabsorbedintothepaintingsupport That’swhentheacrylicpolymerparticlescomeintodirectcontactandfusewitheachother
step 3 Thepolymerparticlesorganizethemselvesintoastable,hexagonalstructure,trappingthepigmentinplace Bingo!Thestablepaintfilm!
Itisimportanttonotethatacrylicsshouldneverbethinnedwithmorethan25%water Toomuchwaterwillspreadtheacrylicresinthinly,andinterferewiththeformationofthestablefilm AddinganAcrylicMedium,ratherthanwater,helpsmaintaincolorbrillianceandensuresthatthepaintfilmwillremainstable
Theacrylic/wateremulsionhasaslightlymilkycolorwhenwetthatclarifiesasthepaintdries Thismilkyappearancelightens(toaslightdegree)thevalueofthecolor Aswaterleavestheemulsion,andthebinderclarifies,thevalueofthecolordarkens Thiscolorchangeiscommonlycalledthewet-to-drycolorshiftandismostnoticeablewithdarktransparentpigments(suchasAlizarin)andlessnoticeablewithlightopaquepigments(suchasCadmiumYellow) Asacrylicchemistryadvances,Liquitex®continuouslymakesuseofnewacrylicresinsfromaroundtheworldthatofferfarbetterwetclaritythaneverbefore
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CharaCterIstICs of aCrylIC paIntsBasIC CharaCterIstICs
•Water-solublecolorswhilewet
• Permanent,waterinsoluble,flexiblecolorswhendry Builtupsurfaceswillremainfreeofcracksandchips Lessflexibleincoldweather Softerinwarmweather
• Shouldbethinnedwithaminimumofwater Tomaintainthestabilityofthefinalfilm,useacrylicmediumsoradditivestoadjusttheflowandworkingproperties
• Donotmixwithsolvents,turpentineoroils Mixonlywithotheracrylicemulsionpaintsormediums
•Keepbrusheswet Cleanupbrushes,handsandpalettewithsoapandwater
•Littleodor,nofumes,nonflammable Usesnon-toxicthinnersandmediums
• NOTEonflexibility:WhileLiquitex®Acryliccolorsandmediumswillremainflexibleovertime,allacrylicpaintfilmsbecomeincreasinglybrittleincoldweather Donotflex,roll,orunrollacrylicpaintingsintemperaturesbelow45ºF
dryInG CharaCterIstICs• Acrylicpaintdriesbyevaporationofitswatercomponent Thinpaintfilmswill
dryin10–20minuteswhilethickpaintfilmsmaytakefromanhouruptoseveraldays
• Onporoussurfacesthewaterevaporatesfromboththepaintaswellastheundersideofthesupport
• Resinparticlescoalesceandtrappigmentsasthewaterevaporates Thepolymerresinbondsandfallsintoroughlyhexagonalpatterns Thecompletedprocessyieldsawaterinsoluble,flexible,non-yellowingpaintfilm
CleanInG up aCrylIC paInts• from hands:Wetordriedacrylicpaintcleanswithsoapandwater
• from brushes:Cleanwetbrusheswithsoap&water Cleandriedacrylicbrusheswithacetone,denaturedalcoholorequivalentproduct Thesecleaningsolutionsaretoxic Careshouldbetakenduringuse
• from clothing:Whilepaintiswet,cleanwithwaterand/orwindowcleaner Driedacrylicpaintispermanentonfabric
• from painting surface:Whilepaintiswet,wipewithdamprag,cleanwithwater Whenpaintisdry,simplypaintoversurfacewithdesiredcolorsandmotif Thesurfaceofadryacrylicpaintingcanbecleanedbygentlywashingwithsoapandwater
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Thetransparency,translucencyandopacityofcolorsarebasedonthecharacteristicsofthepigmentsused AllLiquitex®colorsarelabeledTransparent(TP),Translucent(TL),orOpaque(O)onthelabelofeachproduct
•opaque Opaquecolorsdonotallowlighttopassthroughthecolorlayer Best“hidingpower”orcoverage Duplicatesgouacheeffects
•translucent Inbetweentransparentandopaque Allowssomelighttopassthroughthecolorlayer
•transparent Transparentcolorsallowlighttopassthroughtheircolorlayer Least“hidingpower ”Allowsunderneathcolortoshowthrough Bestsuitedforglazingandwatercolortechniques
hue, Value, Chroma
Hue,ValueandChromapositionsforeachcoloraredisplayedoneachlabel,foreveryLiquitex®color ThesedesignationsarebasedontheinternationallyrecognizedMunsellColorSystem
teChnICal InformatIonAllLiquitex®PaintsandMediumsaremanufacturedtohighqualityandperformancestandards
attrIButesLiquitex®AcrylicColorsandMediumsaremadeusingthehighestqualityacrylicresintoproduceacrylicpolymeremulsioncolorsandmediums Allcolorscontainpurepigments,ina100%acrylicpolymeremulsion Liquitex®AcrylicColorscontainnofillers,opacifiers,toners,dyes,emulsifiersoradditivesthatincreasevolumewithoutimpartingapositiveattributetothepaint Liquitex®AcrylicColorshavethegreatestpermanenceandlightfastnesspossible
Allcolorsdrytothetightestsheenrangeofanyacrylic,ensuringlessshinyanddullspotsinthefinishedpainting
Allcolorscontainthehighestpurepigmentload,withhightinting“power”andmaximumpermanenceofanyacrylic
laBel InformatIonThefollowinginformationisprovidedonlabelsofallLiquitex®AcrylicColors
transparency/opacity
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munsell Color systemThereareavarietyofopticalsystemsthatcanbeusedtomeasuretherefractiveandphysicalpropertiesofcolor OneofthemostcommonlyusedinhelpingartistsandscientistsbetteridentifytheopticalcharacteristicsofcoloristheMunsellsystem Liquitex®labelsincludeMunsellnotationsforeachcolor Thecolorsystemisbrokendownwiththefollowingidentifyingcategories:hueColorcanbeorganizedtofollowtheflowofhuesorspectralfamilynames Asorganizedwithinacolorwheel,12huesareRedPurple,Red,RedOrange,Orange,YellowOrange,Yellow,YellowGreen,Green,BlueGreen,Blue,BluePurple,andPurple Withinthespectrum,thethreeprimarycolorsareRed,Yellow,andBlue AhueisthepreciseidentificationofeachcolorwithinaHuePositionBand Thespecifichueofacolormaybeatcenterorleantowardonespectralneighbororanother Forexample,CadmiumRedMediumcarriesaMunsellNotationof6 3R,andisindicatedasleaningtowardtheRedOrangehuecolumn
Complementary colorsstronglyenhancethecharacteroftheprimaries Forexample,placinggreennexttoredwillmakebothcolorsappearmoreintenseandvivid Greenoccupiesthepointdirectlyoppositeredonacolorwheel,andisconsideredtobethecomplementofred Orangeisthecomplementforblue,andvioletisthecomplementforyellow
split-complementarycolorsarethosethatresidedirectlytoeithersideofthecomplementarycolor Workingwithsplit-complementsallowstheartisttoexplorerelationshipsinwhichthetargetcolorcanbeenhancedbybeingplacednexttoornearasplit-complementarybutnotwiththesamedegreeofintensitythatcomeswithbeingpairedwithitsstraightcomplementarycolor Inaddition,themixingofasplit-complementwiththeoriginaltargetcolorwillyieldawell-balancedgray
triadiccolorselectionsallowtheartisttoselectcolorsthatserveasunique‘primaries’,eachofwhichareevenlyspacedinthirdsaroundthecolorwheel
tetradiccolorselectionsallowtheartisttoselectcolorsthatarebalancedandharmoniousbyvirtueoftheirequalspacinginquartersaroundthecolorwheel Morecomplexrelationshipswithbothtriadicandtetradicsystemscanbeexploredthroughdefininguniquecomplementariesandsplitcomplementarieswithintheuser’suniquelydefinedpalette
ValueAllcolorsvaryinvalue(therangefromlighttodark) Valuenumbersonthelabelgivethelightanddarkmeasureofacolor Thereare,infact,10theoreticalvaluestepsrangingfrompureblack(level0)topurewhite(level10) Thehigherthenumber,thelighterthecolor
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ChromaBytheirverynature,somecolorsarequitebright(likecrimson)whileothersarenaturallydull(likeyellowochre) Therelativebrightnessorintensityofcolorscanbeidentifiedsystematically Chroma,orcolorintensity,isidentifiedbyanumberthatrangesfrom0to20 Neutralgrayisrated0,havingnotraceofchromaorhue Thisiscalled,“zerochroma,zerohue ”Thebrighterthecolor,thehigherthenumber CadmiumRedLightHue,forexample,hasachromanotationof13,whileBurntSiennahasachromanotationof4
permanenCy
LightfastnessI,II,IIIidentifytheratingofacoloranditsabilitytowithstandanycolorshiftingorfadingwhenexposedtoultravioletlight(i e sunlight) ThelightfastnessofallLiquitex®colorsarelistedaccordingtostandardsestablishedbytheAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM)
CategoryI Excellentlightfastness Thecolorwillexhibitnoappreciablecolorchangeaftertheequivalentof100yearsofindoormuseumexposure Bestsuitedforoutdoorinstallations(murals)
CategoryII Verygoodlightfastness Colorsaresuitedforallindoorapplications,butnotexteriorpaintingthatmayreceiveheavyexposuretoultravioletlight
CategoryIII Marginalpermanence “Fugitive”colorsthatmayfallbelowthelevelofpermanencyforartist’scolors Notrecommendedforpermanentwork
pIGment desIGnatIons
PigmentandColorIndexNamesarelistedforallLiquitex®colors Forspecificcolorinformation,pleaseseethereferencesectiononpage112
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mIxInG Color: mIneral and modern pIGments Inordertomixcolorwell,itisessentialtounderstandthepropertiesofthepigmentsusedtomakeeachcolor Everypigmenthasdifferentcharacteristics,whichultimatelyinfluencehowtheyinteractwitheachother Theuniqueopticalpropertiesofeachcolorcanrangefromtransparencytocompleteopacity Somepigmentshavestrongtintingstrengthwhichcreatescolormixesthatarecrispandbright,whileotherstendtograydownwhenmixed Knowingthedifferencebetweenmineralandmodern(organic)pigmentsisthekeytochoosingcolorsthatwillblendtogethertocreatethedesiredresults Threegeneralrulesgovernthedifferencesbetweentheirworkingproperties:
• Whenmixed,mineralcolorstendtomorecloselyreplicatethetonalitiesofthenaturalworld Becauseofthenatureofreflectedlightandshadow,weliveinaworldofpurecolorsthatcombineintorichshadesofgray Thephysicalandopticalpropertiesofinorganiccolors,quiteoften,morecloselycapturethosequalitiesofnaturallightandshadowedcolor
• Moderncolorsarebrighter,andtendtomakebrightermixes Becauseoftheirpurity,naturaltranslucencyandtintingstrength,organicpigmentsproducemixedcolorsthattendtoremainclosertothehighchromaoftheir“parent”primaries
• Thetwocanbeusedtogetherwithgoodresults Forexample:addingasmallamountofamoderncolortoamixtureofmineralpigmentthathasgottenmuddywillhelprestorelostchroma,withoutlosingthenaturalcharacterofthemix
Remembertheaboveareonlygeneralguidelines Theuniquenessofeachpigmentsometimescauses“modern”qualitiestoshowupin“mineral”colorsandviceversa
Historicallymineralpigmentssuchasyellowochreandrawumberhavebeenusedsincepre-historictimes Duringthenineteenthcenturyawidearrayofothermineralpigmentsbecameavailablewhentheindustrialrevolutionanddevelopmentsinchemistrymadeitpossibletocombinemetalslikecadmium,orcobaltwithothercompounds Theresultswerehighlystable,farlesspronetofading,andcouldbegroundintoasuspensionwithinavehicleforoilpaint Morerecently,pigmentchemistrywasrevolutionizedasmodernorganiccolorswereborninthelaboratory Thishasgivenrisetopigmentslikeanthraquinones,dioxazines,pyrroles,phthalocyanines,andbenzimidazalones,whichmakepossiblethewidevarietyofcolorsavailabletoartiststoday
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lIquItex® professIonal artIst aCrylIC Colors
3 Color primary palette:QuinacridoneCrimson(PrimaryRed)YellowMediumAzo(PrimaryYellow)PhthalocyanineBlue(PrimaryBlue)
6 Color palette:hue Based pigment Cadmium Based pigmentQuinacridoneMagenta single QuinacridoneMagenta singleCadmiumRedLightHue mixed CadmiumRedLight singleCadmiumYellowMediumHue mixed CadmiumYellowMedium singlePhthalocyanineBlue(GreenShade) single PhthalocyanineBlue(GreenShade) singleIvoryBlack single IvoryBlack singleTitaniumWhite single TitaniumWhite single
12 Color palette:hue Based pigment Cadmium Based pigmentQuinacridoneMagenta single QuinacridoneMagenta singleCadmiumRedMediumHue mixed CadmiumRedMedium singleCadmiumRedLightHue mixed CadmiumRedLight singleCadmiumYellowMediumHue mixed CadmiumYellowMedium singleBurntUmber single BurntUmber singlePermanentGreenLight mixed LightGreenPermanent mixedPhthalocyanineGreen single PhthalocyanineGreen singlePhthalocyanineBlue(GreenShade) single PhthalocyanineBlue(GreenShade) singleUltramarineBlue(GreenShade) single UltramarineBlue(GreenShade) singleDioxazinePurple single DioxazinePurple singleTitaniumWhite single TitaniumWhite singleIvoryBlack single IvoryBlack single
note: • “Hues” are used as replacements for cadmium, cobalt and other colors, when they are either unavailable, too expensive, or fugitive. Liquitex® "Hue" colors generally yield
higher intensities than the color they imitate.
• The “Hue Based Systems,” because they are based upon modern organic colors, will tend to mix with greater brightness and clarity.
• The “Cadmium Based systems” will tend to yield mixes that more closely approximate natural light, and that may be considered more suitable for traditional landscape, portrait, or still life representations.
lIquItex® Color palettesBelow are suggested color palettes for use with all liquitex acrylic color ranges
1�1�
c h A p t e r 2 : e s s e n t i A l i n f o r m A t i o n / c o l o r p A l e t t e s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
lIquItex® BasICs Value serIes aCrylIC Colors
3 Color primary palette:PrimaryRedPrimaryYellowPrimaryBlue
12 Color palette:hue Based pigmentQuinacridoneMagenta singleBurntUmber singleCadmiumOrangeHue singleNaphtholCrimson singlePrimaryYellow singlePhthalocyanineBlue singlePhthalocyanineGreen singleUltramarineBlue singleDioxazinePurple singleIvoryBlack singleTitaniumWhite single
1�1�
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
Color ranGes single pigment Colors
Offersartiststhepurestcolor,tobeusedaloneorincolormixing IncludesCadmiums,Cobalts,Quinacridone,Phthalocyanine(Phthalo)andothercolors
•CadmiumColorsTraditionalsinglepigmentcolors Expensive,opaque,permanent Non-toxiconskinorifingested Toxicinspraymist
mixed pigment Colors
• Givesartiststhebenefitofpre-mixed,“custom”colors Colorsarebrighterthancanbemixedinstudio,cutsdownoncolormixingandprovidescostsavings
• NeutralGray5enablesartiststoadjustthevalueandchromaofacolorwithoutalteringthehue
hue ColorsColorsthatcontaintheword“Hue”attheendofthecolorname
• Singlepigmentormixtureofpigmentsthatlookandperformsimilartothecolortheyreplace
• Huesareusedasreplacementsforcadmium,cobaltandotherpigments,whentheyareeitherunavailable,tooexpensive,orfugitive Liquitex®“Hue”colorsgenerallyyieldhigherintensitiesthanthecolortheyimitate
professIonal artIst aCrylIC ColorSincedevelopingthefirstwaterbasedartistacrylicproductsin1955,Liquitex®hasalwaysbeenconcernedwiththeneedsoftheprofessionalartist AllLiquitex®productsareformulatedbyauniqueteamofchemistsandartists:chemistswithawidearrayofskillsinresintechnologiesandartistswhohelpustostayfocusedontheworkingproperties Thiscombinationallowsustomakethemostversatilerangesofintense,highlyloaded,permanentcolorspossible Liquitex®istheonlyacrylicbrandtoofferthreeuniquelydifferentrangesofprofessionalpainttosuittheneedsoftheartist:SoftBody,HeavyBody,andSuperHeavyBody Withthatinmind,range-specifichandlingcharacteristicsareestablishedsothateveryLiquitex®paintfeelsjustright–nevertoostickyorslippery Thelow-odoracrylicresinbaserepresentsthelatestinacrylicresintechnology,offeringincreasedopentimeandproducingcolorsofgreatclaritywithverylowwet-to-dryvalueshift Thepaintfilmsarehighlyflexible,durable,non-yellowing,UVresistant,water-resistantandpHneutralwhendry AllLiquitex®ProfessionalColorscanbeintermixedwitheachotherandaswellaswithallLiquitex®Mediums
liQuiTeX® producTs
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1�1� 1�1�
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / p r o f e s s i o n A l c o l o r
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
attributes for all liquitex® professional Colors• Littletonoperceptiblewet-to-drycolorshift
• Widerangeofintense,permanentpigments
• Eachcolorisuniquelyformulatedtobringoutthemaximumbrillianceandclarityofeachindividualpigment
• Allcolorsareformulatedtodrywithinatightsatinsheenrange
• Suitableforindoorandoutdoorapplications
• Watersolublewhenwet,driesquicklytoawater-resistantsurface
• Nochemicaldryingactiontoprolongpaintingandvarnishingprocedure
• Excellentadhesiontomostpaintingsurfaces;wood,leather,canvas,silk,plastic,muralapplications,metal,paper,etc
• Chemicallyalkalinewhenwetandthereforecompatiblewithcommonmuralgroundssuchasconcrete,plaster,cement,concreteblockoranymasonrysurface
• Notoxicsolventsorcleanersnecessary
• Resistanttoultravioletlight,willnotyelloworgetbrittleovertime
• Outstandingcolorclarityandbrillianceforsuperbcolormixing
1 Goodproductshelpyousucceed Thefinestqualitypaintsandcolorsmixbrilliantly,offerthepurestcolor,andprovidetheartistwithalltheessentialsforcreative,artisticsuccess
2 Water-borneAcryliccolorsforartistswereinventedbyLiquitex®in1955 Liquitex®continuestobetheleaderinproducinghighquality,innovativeacrylicproductsforartists
3 Artists’paintiscostly Nonews,there Thereasontheycostmorethanhousepaintsormodelpaintsorsomecraftpaintsisbecauseofthecostofpigment Thereisatrulyamazingconcentrationofpigmentinartists’qualitycolor
4 Artists’qualitycolorsareofferedandpricedin‘series ’Thecostofeachseriesnumberreflectstherelativecostoftheuniquepigmentincludedineachformulation
5 Acryliccolorscanbeproducedindifferentthicknesses(orbodies) Liquitex®istheonlyacrylicbrandtoofferthreedistinctlydifferentranges:SoftBodyforfluidapplications,HeavyBodyforthickapplications,andSuperHeavyBodyforimpasto,superthickapplications
6 AllLiquitex®ProfessionalAcryliccolorscontainthesameconcentrationofpigmentpervolume Thecolorismademore(orless)fluidbyalteringthechemistryoftheacrylicvehicle NOTbyaddingwater,orbydilutingthepigmentstrength
7 Acrylicsareidealforcontemporaryandexperimentalapplications Thecolorsdryveryrapidly(remainingworkablefor10–40minutes)makingthemwell-suitedforapplicationsthatrequiremasking,rapidlayering,andtexturalapplication They’reidealformurals,fabrics,tiles,andstructuraltechniques
8 Acrylicscanbeusedfortraditionalpainting,too Mediumscanbeusedtomakethecolorsuitableforglazing,impasto,watercolor,andotherapplications
9 Acrylicscanbeusedonalmostanysurface,frompaper,tocanvas,tobrick,towood—theexceptionsareoilyorshinysurfaces Plasticsurfacesshouldbesandedbeforepainting;leathersurfacesshouldbedegreasedwithrubbingalcohol Alwaysconductanadhesiontestwhenworkingonmore‘unusual’surfaces
9 essentIal thInGs to knoW aBout aCrylIC Colors
1�1� 1�1�
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / s o f t b o d y
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k 1�1�
soft Body professional artist acrylic ColorSoftBodyArtistColor,previouslyreferredtoasMediumViscosity,wastheoriginalLiquitex®acrylicformulationfirstmadein1956 Itisanextremelyversatileartistpaint,creamyandsmoothwithaconcentratedpigmentloadproducingintense,purecolor Thecreamysmooth,pre-filteredconsistencyensuresgoodcoverage,even-levelingandsuperbresultsinavarietyofapplicationsandtechniques
•94ProfessionalColors
•Heavycreamconsistency
•Evenleveling
•Extremelyversatileformulationformostfineartanddecorativearttechniques
•Retainslittleornobrushmarks
•Idealforflat,largeareacoverageandfinelinedetail
•Professionalgradecolorsfordecorativepaintersarealsoavailable
•Availableintubesandjars
•IntermixablewithallLiquitex®products
t e C h n I q u e s a n d a p p l I C at I o n s
›Traditionalpaintingoncanvasorpanel
›FabricPainting
›DecorativePainting
›FauxFinishing
›Glazing
›Underpainting
›Murals
›Calligraphy
›Unfiredceramics
›Sculpture
›Photoretouching
›Watercolor
›IllustrationandDesign
›Airbrush*
›Printmaking:ScreenPrinting,MonoPrints,BlockPrints
›CollageandMixedMedia
›Scrapbooking/AlteredBooks
*ThinwithLiquitex®AirbrushMedium
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / h e A v y b o d y
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
heavy Body professional artist acrylic Color HeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColor,previouslyreferredtoasHighViscosity,hasathickconsistency(similartooilpaint)fortraditionalarttechniquesusingbrushesorknives,aswellasforexperimental,mixedmedia,collageandprintmakingapplications Impastoapplicationsretaincrispbrushstrokeandknifemarks Goodsurfacedragprovidesexcellenthandlingandblendingcharacteristicswithincreasedopen/workingtime Highpigmentloadproducesrich,brilliant,permanentcolor
•100ProfessionalColors
•Exceptionallysmooth,thickbutteryconsistency
•Retainsbrushstrokesandpaletteknifemarks
•Greatforthick/impastoapplicationsandpaintingtechniques
•Flexiblewhendry;thickfilmsremainfreeofcracksandchips
• IntermixablewithallLiquitex®products
t e C h n I q u e s a n d a p p l I C at I o n s
›Impasto:Thickapplicationswithbrushstrokeandknifemarks
›TraditionalPaintingoncanvasorpanel
›ExperimentalPainting
›CollageandMixedMedia
›Printmaking:ScreenPrinting,Monoprints,BlockPrints
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c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / s u p e r h e A v y b o d y
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k �1�0
super heavy Body professional artist acrylic Color SuperHeavyBodyisalineofhighlypigmented,clean,brilliantcolorswithsuperiorshaperetentionandunique“gutsy”handling ItisaninnovativeproductintroducedtotheLiquitex®rangeinearly2004,andisexcellentfor‘textural’and‘sculptural’applications SuperHeavyBodyhasverylowshrinkagefromwet-to-dryandproducescleancolormixeswithoutstandingclarityandbrilliance Itisformulatedtodrywithinauniformsatinsheenrange,enhancingthevisualclarityofthefinishedpainting,providinganon-plasticlookandeliminatingglare Littleornowet-to-dryvalueshiftallowsformoreaccuratecolormixing Increasedopentimeforeasierblending
•27ProfessionalColors
•Extrathickbodywithhighsurfacedrag(rheology),comparabletofineoils
• Superiorshaperetention:holdssuperhighpeaks,knifemarksandbrushstrokes
•Flexiblewhendry,allowingbuilt-upsurfacestoremainfreeofcracksandchips
•Excellentforimpasto(thick),‘textural’and‘sculptural’paintingtechniques
•Satinfinish,no“plasticlook”
•Verylowshrinkage
•Vibrantcolorsstraightoutofthecontainer
•Slowdryingtime,allowsmoreworking(open)time
• IntermixablewithallLiquitex®products
t e C h n I q u e s a n d a p p l I C at I o n s
›Impastoapplicationswithstrongbrushstrokeandhighknifemarks
›TraditionalThickPaintingoncanvasorpanel
›ThickApplicationExperimentalPainting
›CollageandSculpturalMixedMedia
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / i n t e r f e r e n c e c o l o r s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
deCoratIVe serIesInterferenCe Colors Liquitex®InterferenceColorsarecolorless,transparentcolorsmadefromtitaniumcoatedmicaflakesratherthantraditionalpigments Theyarealsoknownas“OpalescentColors” Theychangetheircolor(exhibitingametalliclookandcolorshift)dependingupontheviewingangle Asthelighthitsthemicaflakesiteitherbouncesoffdirectly,reflectingthelabeledcolororpassesthroughtoanotherlayerandbouncesoutatadifferentrefractiveindexdisplayingthelabeledcolor’scomplement Theeffectisvisuallysimilartoathincoatofoilfloatingonwater
t I p s & t e C h n I q u e s
›Useinanytechniqueorsurfacesuitableforanyacrylicpaintormedium
›Applystraightfromcontainer,thinnedwithwaterormixedwithanyLiquitex®AcrylicColor,IridescentColor,FluidorGelMediumtoproduceanendlessvarietyofcolorsandeffects
›Applyinseveralthinlayersratherthanonethicklayer
›Thinapplicationsinawashorglazeincreasethevisualinterferenceeffects
›Toachieveavisuallyopaquecoat,applyabasecolorthatmatchesthe“flip”orcomplementoftheinterferencecolor,beforeapplyingtheinterferencecolor (i e NaphtholCrimsonunderneathInterferenceGreen)
›Toincreaseinterferencecoloreffect,add1%MarsBlacktointerferencecolor
›Tocreateiridescentgrays,add2–5%MarsBlacktointerferencecolor
›Appliedoverwhitesurfacesorlightcolors,theyaretranslucent
›Appliedoverblackordarksurfacestheyareseenasbrilliantpastelcolors
›Appliedontransparentandtranslucentsurfacestheycreateunusualvisualeffects
›MixwithLiquitex®Mediumstocreateluminescentfluidglazes
liquitex® Interference Glaze mixing Guide
thick Interference Glaze85–90% GelMediumorHeavyGelMedium10–15% InterferenceColor1% Liquitex®SoftBodyArtistAcrylicColor*
fluid Interference Glaze85–90% GlossMedium&Varnish10–15% InterferenceColor1% Liquitex®SoftBodyArtistAcrylicColor**=Useatransparentcolor
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c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / i r i d e s c e n t – f l u o r e s c e n t
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
IrIdesCent Colors Iridescentpaintsarealsoknownas“metallic“paintsthatdonottarnish Theymimictheeffectofbronzingpowders Bronzingpowderscannotbeusedwithacrylicemulsionsastheytarnishduetothealkalinityofthebinder
Characteristics•Liquitex®IridescentColorsproduceavarietyofnon-
tarnishingiridescentormetalliceffects
•Madefromtitaniumcoatedmicaflakeswithanouterlayerofatransparentlightabsorbingcolorant,ratherthantraditionalpigments
•Lightabsorbingcolorantlayersdeterminetheobservedcolor
•Iridescentpigmentsare“opticallyopaque”andtheyrelyonreflectedlightonlyfortheireffect NoInterference“flip”colorisobserved
•Colorswillnotoxidize
t I p s & t e C h n I q u e s
›TheycanbeusedaloneormixedwithotherLiquitex®ColorsandMediumsforavarietyofiridescent,metalliceffects
›Avoidmixingwithopaquecolors
›MixwithsmallamountsofLiquitex®AcrylicColorsforavarietyof“metallic”colors,i e copperwithgreen=antiquecopper
›MixwithLiquitex®FluidMediumsfor“metallic”glazes
›MixwithLiquitex®TextureGelMediumsfor“metallic”textures
›AddIridescentWhitetoothercolorstoattainpearlescentqualities
fluoresCent ColorsLiquitex®FluorescentAcrylicsColorsareintense,brilliantcolors,producedfromdyessurroundedbyapolymercoating Thedyesabsorbinvisibleultravioletlightandemitvisiblelightofalongerwavelength,reflectingmorelightthantheyreceive Asaresult,theyfluoresceorglowandwillvisiblyoverpowerpaintsmadefromtraditionalpigments
CharaCterIstICs•Thefluorescenteffect,aswellasthecolor,fadesratherrapidlybecausethedyesare
notstable;aswithalltraditionalfluorescentcolors,thesecolorsareratedLightfastnessIIIandshouldnotbeusedforworkthatismeanttobepermanent
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / l i q u i g e m s – g l o s s i e s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
fluoresCent Colors (Cont )
t I p s & t e C h n I q u e s
›Fluorescentcolorsaretranslucentandgreaterintensitycanbeachievedbyworkingoverabrightwhitesurface
›Ifagreaterpermanencyisdesired,atopcoatofLiquitex®Soluvar®GlossVarnishorSoluvar®MatteVarnish(whichcontainUltravioletLightStabilizers)isrecommended,althoughitwilleliminatethefluorescent“glow”underblacklight
lIquIGemstm aCrylIC GlItter paIntAheavybody100%acrylicpolymeremulsionpaintthatcontainsaheavyconcentrationofmicaflakes
CharaCterIstICs•Glittercolorsdrytoathick,three-dimensionalconsistency
•Appearmilkywhenwet
t I p s & t e C h n I q u e s
›Brushonorusewithapplicatortipfordimensionallinework
›Notrecommendedforairbrushormarblingtechniques
›Notrecommendedforpermanentwork
GlossIestm aCrylIC enamelLiquitex®GlossiesTMarewaterbasedacrylicenamelsthatarespeciallyformulatedtoadheretoslick,nonporousmaterialssuchas:glass,tiles,glazedceramics,stoneware,china,enamelware,primedmetal,woodandothernon-oilysurfaces
t I p s & t e C h n I q u e s
›Air-driedcolorsdrytoadurable,highglossfinish
›Heat-setcolorsdrytoascratchresistant,highglossfinish
›Allcolorsarelightfast Suitableforindoorandoutdoorapplications(whenheatset)
›AllGlossiesTMcolorsareintermixableandcanbeeasilyblendedtoachieveanycolor
›Non-Toxicandcontainnosolvents Cleanupwithsoapandwater
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c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / g l o s s i e s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
GlossIestm aCrylIC enamel (Cont )
use and Care
•Heat-setGlossiesTMwillsoftenwhensoakedinhotwaterorexposedtoheatandreturntoproperhardnessuponcooling Allowtocoolpriortorubbing,cleaningorwettingsurface Heatsetat325˚F/163˚Cfor45mins
•Handwashinwarmwaterwithmilddishwashingdetergent
•Donotplaceextremelyhotpans,etc onbakedGlossiesTM
•Notrecommendedforshowerstalltileinstallation Repeatedexposuretohotwaterwilladverselyaffectadhesion
•Notrecommendedfor“heavyuse”applications,suchaskitchencountertops,floors,etc
•DonotcleanGlossies™(heatsetorair-dried)withscouringcleaners,astheywillabradesurface
•Careshouldbetakenifusinggroutin-betweenheatsetGlossiesTMtiles Groutisabrasiveandcanscratchsurface Anon-abrasiveacrylictilegroutisrecommended
•Donotuseonflexiblesurfaces
•Donotuseinfoodcontactsurfaceapplications
•Maybeusedonoutsideofmugs,bowls,etc Donotpaintwithinthetop¾”(20mm)ofdrinkingvessel Maybepaintedonundersideofclearglassdishes
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / b A s i c s ®
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
BasICs® Value serIesDevelopedforstudentsandartiststhatneeddependablequalityataneconomicalprice Eachcolorisuniquelyformulatedtobringoutthemaximumbrillianceandclarityoftheindividualpigment Availableintwoformulations,BASICS®andBASICS®Matt,tofitavarietyofapplicationsandtechniques
attrIButes for all BasICs® Value serIes Colors•36Colors
•ValuePriced
•Colorsareuniquelyformulatedtobringoutthemaximumbrillianceandclarityofeachindividualpigment
•ColorsareintermixablewithallLiquitex®ProfessionalGradeColorsandMediums
•Allcolorsarenon-toxicandholdtheAPsealfromACMIforsafeeducationaluse
•Flip-topcapforquickandeasydispensingandclosing
•ContainsthesamebinderasLiquitex®ProfessionalGradeAcrylics
•ContainsalowerpigmentloadthanLiquitex®ProfessionalGradeAcrylics
BasICs® BASICS®isaheavybodyacrylicwitha“buttery”consistencyforeasyblending Itretainspeaksandbrushmarksandcolorsdrytoasatinfinish,eliminatingsurfaceglare
•Greatcoverage
•Heavybodyconsistencyallowsforthickoil-likepainting,retainingpeaksandbrushmarks
•Colorsdrytoasatinfinish
t e C h n I q u e s a n d a p p l I C at I o n s
›Impasto:Thickapplicationswithbrushstrokeandknifemarks
›TraditionalPaintingoncanvasorpanel,easyblending
›ExperimentalPainting
›CollageandMixedMedia
›Printmaking:ScreenPrinting,MonoPrints,BlockPrints
›ColorTheory/Mixing
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c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / b A s i c s ® m A t t
���� l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ���� l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
BasICs® mattBASICS®Mattisasoftbodyacrylicwithasmoothconsistencyforeasyapplicationandblending Itsfreeflowformulaensuresasmoothapplicationandevenleveling BASICS®Matt’srichsaturatedcolorsdrytoaflatmattesheenandhavegouache-likepropertiesofexcellentopacity
•Flatmattefinish,‘gouache-like’properties
•Creamy,softbodyconsistencyallowsforeasybrushoutandthinningwithwaterorLiquitex®mediums
•Highopacityforgreatcoverage
•Deep,richsaturatedcolor
•Evenleveling,freeflowingformula
•Waterresistantwhendry(allowsevendaystofullydry)
t e C h n I q u e s a n d a p p l I C at I o n s
›ExperimentalPainting
›DecorativePainting
›FauxFinishing
›IllustrationandDesign
›Printmaking:ScreenPrinting,Mono
›Prints,BlockPrints
›CollageandMixedMedia
›ColorTheory
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / c h o o s i n g t h e r i g h t c o l o r
���� l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ���� l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
ChoosInG the rIGht Color: artIsts’ Color Vs Value serIesthe difference between artists’ and value series color is simple: Artists’colorsareformulatedtoprovidethebestpossibleperformance,independentofcost AtLiquitex®,thebenchmarksforselectingpigments,rawmaterials,andmillingforourartistgradecolorsareclear:chooseandusethebest Makingthefinestpossiblecolorcomesfirst Costissecondary
four reasons that artIst qualIty Colors are Worth the Cost:
1 Finepigmentis,byfar,thegreatestcontributortothecostoffinecolor Asingletubeofartists’qualitycolorcontainsasmuchormorehighlyrefinedpigmentthanmuchlargerbucketsofhousehold-qualitypaint
2 Everysinglepigmentisunique,andeverysinglecolorisformulateddifferently Inarangeof100colors(likeLiquitex®HeavyBodyArtistAcrylicColors),thereare100differentformulationstotakefulladvantageofthedistinctcharacteristicsofeachpigment
3 Everycolorisformulatedtoprovidethemoststableandpermanentfilmpossible Housepaints,bycontrast,areformulatedtolastadecadeortwo,atmost Withproperapplication,fineartistcolorsareformulatedtolastgenerationsorcenturies
4 Rawmaterialscomefromallovertheplanet,includingsomeveryobscurelocations Theverybestmaterialscanbemorecostlytoobtain Qualityrawmaterialsproducequalityproductsthatenhancetheexperienceofpainting;thatqualitywillbeapparentintheworkproduced
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / c h o o s i n g t h e r i g h t c o l o r
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
artists’ Colors Value series Colorspigment load formulated with as much pigment
as is necessary, (usually regardless of cost) to achieve the ideal mixing and working properties.
formulated with sufficient pigment to offer dependable, if not ideal, working properties.
milling milled to achieve thorough and complete dispersion of pigment within the vehicle, regardless of resources required.
milled quickly (where possible), using pigments requiring minimal resources, to offer dependable stability and working properties.
price priced in series, according to pigment. quality of color is more important than cost.
often priced at a single level; sometimes with a second series for genuine cadmiums and cobalts.
true pigment Character formulated to offer ideal qualities of opacity/transparency, color bias, and tinting strength for every color in the range
formulated to offer dependable qualities of opacity/transparency, color bias, tinting strength for a more limited range. “hue” colors usually offered as an alternative to genuine cadmiums or cobalts.
fillers or extenders minimal use of additives, and only for the purpose of improving viscosity and working properties. extenders used only to bring down excessive tinting strength of colors like those made with phthalocyanine.
fillers or extenders used only when necessary to moderate price. because lower cost pigments are used, good quality student colors required a minimum of fillers.
permanence formulated to offer the best possible lightfastness (depending upon the color) and stability of film.
permanence of many value series colors, when used appropriately, is often quite good. many of the pigments used in the formulation, even though of lower cost, offer superior lightfastness.
spectrum broad and complete spectrum of colors, sometimes in excess of a hundred within a given range. the ideal spectrum is well balanced, and allows the artist an almost infinite array of mixing options.
good value series ranges offer a balanced, while more limited, spectrum.
(Reprinted with Permission from “What Every Artist Needs to Know About Paints and Colors,” by David Pyle, Krause Publications, ©2000)
ValueSeriesColors(likeLiquitex®BASICS®)areformulatedtoofferdependablestandardsofperformanceatamoreaffordablecost Belowisatableoutliningthekeydifferencesbetweenartists’andValueSeriesColors:
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / A c r y l i c m e d i u m s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
aCrylIC medIumsInadditiontothewidestarrayofProfessionalandStudentcolors,Liquitex®offersthebroadestpossiblerangeofacrylicmediumstoinspirecreativityateverystageofthepaintingprocess Weunderstandthatmediumsareoftenadifficultconcepttograspuntilyouactuallydiveintothem,sowe’vetriedtosimplifyusagebyclassifyingproductsinthreedistinctcategories:Prep,Paint,andFinish
prep Surfacepreparationssetthefoundationforstableandpermanentcolorapplicationsbysealingandaddingtoothtoalmostanypaintingsurface Weofferfivedifferenttypesofacrylicgessoestoaccommodatealltypesofwork
paint Withinthepaintingcategory,thereareseveraldifferenttypesofproductsyouwoulduseinadditiontothecoloritself TheyareFluidMediums,GelMediums,Additives,andTextureGels Eachoftheseproductsareexplainedfurtherwithinthisbook Thesepaintingmediumsallowanartisttoadjusttheworkingandopticalpropertiesofthepaintfilmtoaccomplishanastonishingvarietyoftechniquesandapplications
finish Varnishesareappliedoveracompletedpieceofworktochangeorunifythesurfacesheenandprotectthepaintedsurfacefromtheenvironmentandultravioletlight
WhetheryouarePREPingthesurface,PAINTingthemasterpiece,oraddingthecrucialFINISHingtouch,Liquitex®offersthepropermediumtoachieveanydesiredresult ExploreyourpossibilitiesevenfurtherbymixingLiquitex®acryliccolorwithanyofourmediums
all liquitex® medIums are
•Permanent
•Phneutralwhendry
•Non-yellowing
•Waterresistantwhendry
•Flexible,non-cracking1
•Idealforimprovingadhesion
•Formulatedforlong-termdurability
•APLabeled2
•Manufacturedwiththebestqualityresinsavailable
•Developedbyspecializedchemists,withcombined50+yearsofexperience
1 – Except Modeling Paste2 – Except Soluvar®
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / A c r y l i c m e d i u m s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
essentIal InformatIon aBout usInG aCrylIC medIums
•Forbestresults,alwaystestbeforeusing
• MixLiquitex®Mediumsintoacryliccolortoaddflexibility,adhesion,andlong-termstability
• Liquitex®mediumsextendthevolume,whilemostalsoincreasethetransparencyofacryliccolor
• Athinfilm(1/16”)ofLiquitex®mediummaytakebetween1⁄2hourto24hourstoinitiallydry,whileathickerfilm(1/4”)maytakebetween2–5daystoinitiallydry(alwaysdependantonrelativehumidity)
• TheuseofPalletteWettingSprayoranair-misterandhumidifierwillslowthedryingtimeofallLiquitex®Mediums
•Avoidanyoily,oilpainted,greasyorwaxysurfaces
• Toimproveadhesionwhenpaintingonanyhardorslicksurfacesuchasglass,metal,enamelorhardboard,sandsurfacespriortoapplyinganymedium
• Vigorousbrushworkovertexturedareasmaycausebubblestoformwithinthepaintfilm
• Donotoverworkduringapplication Ifmediumsarebrushedheavilyduringdrying,itmaycauseclouding Oncethefilmiscloudedanddry,itcannotbeclarifiedorremoved Ifanareaismissed,allowthesurfacetodryandthencoverwithanothercoatofmedium
General defInItIon
• Liquitex®AcrylicMediumsaremadefrom100%acrylicpolymeremulsionthatwhendryformdurablefilms Theycanbethoughtofascolorlesspaint Theyarethebinder(glue)ofacrylicpaintandhaveexcellentflexibilityandchemical,waterandultravioletradiationresistance
• Theyareaddedtoacrylicpainttoalterthepainthandlingcharacteristics,appearanceorvolume,producinganinfinitevarietyofeffects
• Liquitex®Mediumsareavailableindifferentviscositiesandsheens(glossandmatte) Theyareallintermixable
• Theycanfunctioninavarietyofapplicationsandtechniques Acombinationofseveralmediumsmaybenecessarytoachieveadesiredeffectorseveralmediumsmaybeusedbythemselvestoachievesimilareffects
the dIfferenCe BetWeen addItIVes and medIumsAnadditiveissomethingthatchangesthechemical“innerworkings”ofthepaintfilm Additivesshouldbeusedsparingly,inonlytheamountneededtogeneratethedesiredeffect Ingeneral,Liquitex®recommendsaddingnomorethan25percentofanyadditivetoyouracrylicpaint
Amediumchangestheworkingpropertiesofthepaint,anditincludesresinbinderforadditionalstability Becausemediumsmaintainorenhancethestabilityofthepaintfilm,theycanbeusedinanyamountyoulike
�1�0 �1�0
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / p r e p
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k �1�0 �1�0
prep surfaCe prepSurfacePreparationsareusedtoseal,primeandaddtooth(forcoloradhesion)toallsurfacessuchascanvas,wood,paperandmetal Thissame
preparationisusedforbothacrylicandoilpaint Liquitex®professionalgessoesusuallytakejustonecoat
all surfaCe preps•Flexible/non-cracking
•Donotyellowovertime
•Ifusingmorethanonecoat,sandingbetweencoatsisrecommended
•AddingLiquitex®SoftBodycolortoanygessocreatescustomizedtintsandprimers
•Providetheperfect“tooth”andadhesiontoawidevarietyofsupportssuchascanvas,paperandwood
•Useonetotwocoatsforacrylicapplications Usetwotofourcoatsforoilapplications
Gesso Theclassicwhitesealerandgroundforabsorbentsurfaces,suchascanvas,paper,orwood Providesthepropersurfacesizing,toothandabsorbencyforacrylicandoilpaints Onecoatisusuallyenough Traditionalgessoismeanttobeopaquetitaniumwhiteforgoodcoverage
attributes
•Traditionalwhitesizeandground
•Excellentgroundforacrylicandoilpaint
•Canbemixedwithacryliccolortocreateatintedground
•Veryopaque
•Flexible,non-crackingandnon-yellowingwhendry
• Providestheperfect“tooth”andadhesiontoawidevarietyofsupportssuchascanvas,paperandwood
• Excellentbasecoatandprimerformanytechniquesandapplications
S
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / p r e p
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
Gesso (Cont ) application
•Forcanvas,paper,wood,oranyclean,porous,non-oilysurface
• Sizesandprimes,creatingagoodsurfacetoestablishapreliminarydrawingincharcoalorpencil
•Useundilutedorthinupto25%withwater
• Whenthinningmorethan25%useanequalmixtureofwaterandLiquitex®MatteMediumtothingesso
•TintcolorwithLiquitex®SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColors
note: At Liquitex®, we strongly recommend against the use of any house paint as a ground. House paint is formulated to last only a decade or so. Additionally, a low-cost ground that flakes and separates from the painting support will obviously take the artists’ expressive image with it. On the other hand, fine artists’ gesso will—with proper application and under the right conditions—last generations.
In addition, house paint is far more absorbent than artists’ gesso. Too absorbent, in fact, and can seriously undermine the paint film, particularly when painting with oil colors. Artist’s gesso is formulated to offer the ideal degree of absorbency.
Clear Gesso Averyclearsizeandgroundthatkeepstheworkingsurfacevisible ClearGessoprovidesanidealdegreeoftoothforpastel,oilpastel,graphite,andcharcoalaswellasanexcellentgroundforacrylicandoilpaints Thisgessoisidealforpaintingovercoloredorpatternedsurfacesoroveranunderdrawing Mixwithacryliccolortoestablishatintedtransparent/translucentground Driescleartotranslucentdependingonthickness
attributes
•Averyclearsizeandgroundthatkeepsyourworkingsurfacevisible
• Idealhightoothforpastel,oilpastel,graphite,andcharcoal
•Excellentgroundforacrylicandoilpaint
•Mixwithacryliccolortohaveatintedground
•Driescleartotranslucentdependingonthickness
•Flexible,non-crackingandnon-yellowingwhendry
• Providestheperfect“tooth”andadhesiontoawidevarietyofsupportssuchascanvas,paperandwood
•Excellentbasecoatandprimerformanytechniquesandapplications
application
•Forcanvas,paper,wood,oranyclean,porous,non-oilysurface
•Sizesandprimeswhilemaintainingtheoriginalappearanceofthesupport
•Providespaperwithgoodtoothforchalkandoilpasteltechniques
• Mixwithaverysmallamountoftransparentortranslucentacryliccolortotintthegroundwhilemaintainingtransparency
•Donottooverbrush
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c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / p r e p
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
super heaVy Gesso Aninnovative,impasto,titaniumwhitegessohavingtheabilitytoholdsculpturalshape Providesalltheattributesoftraditionalacrylicgesso Idealforthickandsculpturalapplicationwithaknifeorbrush
attributes
• Aninnovative,impastoacrylicgessousedtopreparepaintingsurfacesforacrylicandoilpaint
•Createthicksculpturalapplications
•Mixwithacryliccolortohaveatintedground
•Flexible,non-crackingandnon-yellowingwhendry
• Providestheperfect“tooth”andadhesiontoawidevarietyofsupportssuchascanvas,paperandwood
application
•Forcanvas,paper,wood,oranyclean,porous,non-oilysurface
•TintcolorwithLiquitex®SoftBodyArtistAcrylicColors
•Usewithknifeorbrush
•Donotsand
Colored Gesso Establishesacolorgroundwhileprovidingalltheattributesoftraditionalacrylicgesso Someartistsliketostarttheirworkonacoloredgroundtoreflectthepaintingprocessinadifferentway Onecoatisusuallyenough Aswithtraditionalgesso,coloredgessoesalsogiveopaquesurfacecoverage AvailableinBlackandNeutralGray
attributes
•Excellentgroundforacrylicandoilpaint
•Non-yellowing
•Flexibleandnon-cracking
• Providestheperfect“tooth”andadhesiontoawidevarietyofsupportssuchascanvas,paperandwood
•Excellentbasecoatprimerformanyapplicationssuchasmurals
application
•Useundilutedorthinupto25%withwater
• Whenthinningmorethan25%useanequalmixtureofwaterandLiquitex®MatteMediumtothingesso
•TintcolorwithLiquitex®SoftorHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColors
• Liquitex®ColoredGessoishuebalancedandallcolorsareintermixabletoprovideawidevarietyofcoloredgrounds
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / f l u i d
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
paintDuringthepaintingprocess,thereareseveraldifferenttypesofmediumsyouwoulduseinadditiontothecoloritself FluidMediums,GelMediums,Additives,andTextureGelsallowanartisttoadjusttheworkingandopticalpropertiesofthepaintfilmtoaccomplishanastonishingvarietyoftechniquesandapplications
fluId medIumsFluidMediumsreduceviscosityofheavierpaintsandgels,tendtoself-levelanddonotretainbrushstrokes FluidMediumsmodifyacrylicpaintsinavarietyofwaysandcontainacrylicresinstomaintainorenhanceadhesionanddurability
all fluId medIums
•IncreaseFlow
•Drytransparentortranslucent
•Extendthevolumeofthinpaint
•Makeanexcellentarchivaladhesiveforcollage
key attrIButes
•Self-leveling,resultingineasierbrushfreesurfaces
•MixwithSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColortomaintainpaintviscosity
•MixintoHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColortoreducepaintviscosity
Donotshake,asthiswillcreatefoam Foamcanseverelyaffectthetransparencyofthefilmbycreatingavisualfoggyorhazyquality
palette WettInG sprayAninnovativefluidacrylicresindesignedtoslowthedryingofcolors Sprayontoyourpaletteordirectlyontothesurfaceofapainting Thismediumimprovescolorblendingandcanbeusedtothincolorwhilemaintainingfilmintegrity Userepeatedlytopreventpaintfrom“skinningover ”
attributes
•Aninnovative,fluidacrylicresindesignedtoslowthedryingofacryliccolors
• Allowsyoutokeepyourpalettecolorsfreshlonger,preventingthepaintfrom“skinningover ”
• Improvescolorblending
•Canbeusedtothincolorwhilemaintainingfilmintegrity
•Formulatedwithananti-microbialagenttopreventmold
application
•Userepeatedlytore-wetpalette
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F
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / f l u i d
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
Gloss medIum & VarnIsh TheworkhorseoftheLiquitex®fluidmediumsrange GlossMedium&Varnishisanall-purposemediumthatperformstwofunctions Itcanbeusedasafinal,clearglossvarnishcoatand/orafluidglossmedium Itimprovesadhesionofpaintfilmandincreasescolordepth,intensity,andgloss Excellentfortransferringprintedimages
attributes
• Allpurposemedium,formulatedtobemixedintoallLiquitex®acrylicpaintsandmediums
• Mixintoanyacrylicpainttoenhancethedepthofcolorintensity,increasetransparency,gloss,easeflowofpaintandaddflexibilityandadhesionofpaintfilm
•Useasanon-removablevarnishtoprotectpaintingandestablishglosssheensurface
•Translucentwhenwet,transparent(clear)whendry
application
•AsAnExtender:
› MixwithSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColortoextendvolumeandincreasetransparency,whilemaintainingpaintviscosity
› MixwithHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColortoextendvolumeandincreasetransparency,whiledecreasingpaintviscosity
•AsAFixative:
› Useasafixativeoverartwork(acrylicpaint,pastel,graphite,chalk)toincreaseglossorshine Mix1partGlossMedium&Varnishto1partdistilledwater Applywithatomizerorairbrush
•AsAGround:
› Useastransparentgroundforacrylicpaintinsteadofgesso Allowssubstratetobeseen TopreventSubstrateInducedDiscoloration(SID)washcottonorlinencanvasbeforeuse
sId definition: Whenusedasasizeovercotton,linenandhardboard,acrylicmediumsdrawsubstancesoutofthesupportastheydryandcontinueovertime Discolorationcanoccurinareasthatareleftunpainted
•WithPowderedPigments:
› Useasabinderwithpowderedpigmentstomakeaninexpensivestudentgrade(softbody)glosspaint Pigmentsmustbecompatiblewithacrylicemulsion
•AsAGlue:
› Usewhencollagingwithnewspapersandlightweightmaterials
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / f l u i d
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
GlaZInG medIum Usewhenmaximumtransparencyisrequiredtoaddluminosityanddepthtoyourpaintings Thisfluidmediumcanbeusedtocreatebrilliantglazeswhenmixedwithtransparentcolor GlazingMediumdriesquicklyforrapidlayeringandtendstominimizeoreliminatebrushstrokes MixwithSlow-Dri®BlendingMediumorSlow-Dri®FluidRetardertoextendtheworkingtime
attributes
•Forcreatingbrilliantjewellikeglazeswithacrylicartistcolors
•Excellentbrushingandlevelingqualities
•Driesquicklyforrapidlayering
•Smallquantitiesofcolorprovidethemosttransparency
•Worksbestwithtransparentortranslucentcolors
•Flexible,non-yellowingandwaterresistantwhendry
applications
•Mixwithanyamountofacryliccolor
•Applytodry,paintedareastochangecolorationwithoutlosingestablisheddetail
•Underlayermustbethoroughlydrybeforeapplyingthenextcoat
• Thoroughlymixasmallamountofcolorintothemediumandthecolorwilllighten Asthemediumdriesitwillbecometransparentandthecolorwilldarken,appearingasathin,transparentversionoftheoriginalcolor
matte medIum Aclassicmediumusedtogivefluiditytodelicatebrushworkortoactasalowsheenadhesiveforcollage Thismediumhasacreamyconsistencyandisgreatwithopaquecolors MixwithGlossMedium&Varnishtocreateacustomizedsatineffect
attributes
•Createsamatteordull,non-reflectingfinishwhenaddedtoacryliccolors
• Mixintoanyacrylicpainttoincreasetransparencyandextendcolor,increasematte,increasefilmintegrity,easeflowofpaintandaddflexibilityandadhesionofpaintfilm
•MixwithGlossMedium&Varnishtoproduceasemi-glossorsatinmedium
•Opaquewhenwet,translucentwhendry
application
•AsAnExtender:
› MixwithSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColortoextendvolumeandincreasetranslucency,whilemaintainingcolorviscosity MixwithHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColortoextendvolumeandincreasetranslucency,whiledecreasingcolorviscosity
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c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / f l u i d
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
matte medIum (cont )
application
•AsAFixative:
› Useasafixativeoverartwork(acrylicpaint,pastel,graphite,chalk)todecreaseglossorshine Mix1partMatteMediumto1partdistilledwaterandapplywithatomizerorairbrush
•AsAGround:
› Recommendedfluidmediumtouseasatransparentground(size)foracrylicpaint,withexcellenttoothandadhesion Thiswillallowthecolorandtextureofthesupporttoshowthrough Canbeusedasasubstituteforthehidegluesizetraditionallyusedforoilpaintings
› TopreventSubstrateInducedDiscoloration(SID),washcottonorlinencanvasbeforeuse
sId definition: Whenusedasasizeovercotton,linenandhardboard,acrylicmediumsdrawsubstancesoutofthesupportastheydryandcontinueovertime Discolorationcanoccurinareasthatareleftunpainted
› ExteriorMurals:Ifthesupportorwallissomewhatsmooth,acoatofMatteMediumshouldbebrushedortwocoatssprayedontothesurfaceontothesurfacepriortoapplyinggesso
•AsAGlue:
› Usewhencollagingwithnewspapersandlightweightmaterials
ultra matte medIum Anextremelymatte,fluidmedium UltraMatteMediumcanbeusedtomaintainopacityandwillextendanopaquecolortodoubleamountswithoutchangingthenatureofthecolor Idealforlargeprojectswheretransparencyisnotdesired Driestoadeadmattefinishwithabsolutelynolevelofsheen
attributes
•ColorsmixedwithUltraMatteMediumdrytoadeadmattefinish
• Increasesthevolumeofpaint,whilemaintainingtheopacityofthecoloritismixedinto
• EconomicallydoublesthevolumeofSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColorwithlittleornonoticeablelossincolorintensity,opacityorchangeinhue
• OpacityofcolorsmixedwithUltraMatteMediumwillbehigherthanifthecolorhadbeenthinnedtothesamedegreewithanyothermediumexceptModelingPaste
•Thedegreetowhichthecolorcanbeextendedwillvaryamongthedifferentpigments
• Whenover50%isadded,UltraMatteMediumcanactasaweaktintingwhite,increasingthevalueoftheoriginalcolorapproximatelyonelevel Lightcolorswillbeaffectedlessthandarkcolors
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / f l u i d
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
ultra matte medIum (cont )
application
•Gouache:
› MixwithopaqueSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColorforamattefinishandgouache(opaquewatercolor)look
› These“gouache”colorsarewaterresistant,flexible,lightfastandpermanentwhendry Traditionalgouachecolorsarenotandaresusceptibletoaccidentalre-wettingandmustbewellprotectedwhenfinished
•Murals:
› MixintoSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColorforunderpaintingofmuralstoeconomicallydoublethevolumeofpaint FortoplayersuseLightfastnessIcolorswithoutUltraMatteMedium
•Runningoutofcolorduringpainting:
› UsewhenrunningoutofaSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColormixturewhilepainting Whenyouhavereachedthehalfwaypointofpaintingaspecificarea,determineifyouhaveenoughpainttofinish Ifnot,addanequalamountofUltraMatteMediumtothecolor Thecolorandopacitywillbeunchanged,butthevolumewillbedoubledenablingyoutofinishpaintingwithoutre-mixing
•Underpainting:
› MixintoSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColorduringinitialunderpainting,todoubleamountofcolor SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColorhasthreetimesthecoverageofHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColor
sloW-drI® BlendInG medIum Anessentialmediumforcreatingsofteredgesandmodeledforms Thismediumisusedtoextendthe“open”timeofacrylicsbymorethan40%,givingyouanopportunitytoreallyworkthepainttoenhancecolorblending Youcanaddanyamountofthismedium,asitcontainsbindertoretaintheintegrityofthepaintfilm,unliketheadditivesversion
attributes
• Auniqueformulationthatextendsdryingtimeupto40%forsuperiorsurfaceblendingwithacrylics
• AddsflowtoHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColorandissimilarinbodytoSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColor
• Mixanyamountintocolortoenhancethedepthofcolorintensity,increasetransparency,gloss,easeflowofpaint,andaddflexibilityandadhesiontopaintfilm
•Driescleartorevealfull,richcolor
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c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / f l u i d
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
sloW-drI® BlendInG medIum (cont )
attributes
• Unlikeretardingadditives,anyamountmaybeaddedtocolorwithoutjeopardizingthestrengthofthepaintfilm
•Translucentwhenwet,transparentwhendry
•Flexible,non-yellowingandwaterresistantwhendry
application
• Formulaisdesignedtobeusedintechniqueswhereslowerdryingcharacteristicsaredesired MayalsobeusedinmanyoftheconventionaltechniquesforaGlossMediumsuchas:airbrushing,brushwork,glazing,collage,andmurals
application possibilities as a medium
•AsanExtender
› MixwithSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColortolengthendryingtime,extendvolume,andincreasetransparencywhilemaintainingpaintviscosityandflow
› MixwithHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColortoslowdryingtime,extendvolume,andincreasetransparencywhilethinningthepaint
•AsaFixative
› Useasafixativeoverartwork(acrylicpaint,pastels,graphite,chalk)toincreaseglossorshine Increaseddryingtimeallowsforworkingthemediaonthesurfacepriortofinalfixing Useanatomizerorairbrushfilledwithamixtureofonepartmedium,onepartwater
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / g e l
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
Gel medIumsOntheoppositeendofthespectrumfromFluidMediums,GelMediumsaddbodytothinnerpaintforimpastotechniquesaswellasextendingcolorvolumeandaddingtransparency Gelsmediumscanalsoadd“opentime”astheytend
todryslowerthanthinnerpaintfilms Ingeneral,thethickerthelayerofacrylicpaint,thelongerthepaintfilmtakestodry Thesemediumsalsomodifyacrylicpaintsinavarietyofwaysand,sincetheycontainacrylicresins,tendtoimproveadhesionanddurability
all Gel medIums
•AddBody
•Increase“open”time
•Drytransparentortranslucent
•Extendthevolumeofpaint
•Holdbrushorknifemarks
•Makeanexcellentarchivaladhesiveforcollage
General attributes
• Heavy-bodiedmediums,formulatedtomaintainthreedimensionalpeaksandmarks,buildsurfaces,extendpaintvolume,extenddryingtimeandachievevariousdegreesoftransparencyandsheen
• MixintoSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColortoincreasepaintthickness
•MixintoHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColor,tomaintainorincreasepaintthickness
•Producefilmsofvaryingthickness,sheensandvisualeffects
• Inthewetstate,mediumsappearmilky,butdrytransparenttotranslucent(unlessnoted) Awetmedium/paintmixturewillbelighterincolorthanthedriedmedium/paintmixture
•Thethickertheapplicationthemoreopaquethefinalfilmwillbe
• AllGelscanbeusedasabinderforpowderedpigments,additivessuchassand,sawdust,etc Overloadingmediumswithtexturingmaterialscancausebrittleness
•AllGelsareexcellentgluesforattachingheavyobjectstoasurface
•Mixanygelsintoacrylicpainttoincreaseworking(open)time
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c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / g e l
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k �1�0
Gloss Gel Excellentforretainingbrushmarkswhileslowingthedryingtimeandaddingbodytothepaint Mixwithtransparentcolorsforimpastoglazesofgreatdepthandbrilliance Excellentfortransferringprintedimages
attributes
•Driestoaglossfinish
•ViscosityandbodysimilartoHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColor
• Translucentwhenwet,transparent(clear)totranslucentwhendry Thickerapplicationsresultinlesstransparentdrymediumfilms
• IdealmediumtomixwithHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColortoextendpaint,increasethebrillianceandtransparencyofcolor,withoutchangingthethicknessofthepaint
• MixwithHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColortoobtainpaintsimilarincolordepthtooilpaint
application
•AsAnExtender:
› MixwithHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColortoextendvolumeandincreasetransparency,whilemaintainingpaintviscosity
› MixwithSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColortoextendvolumeandincreasetransparency,whileincreasingpaintviscosity
•AsAGround:
› Useastransparentgroundforacrylicpaint,insteadofgesso Allowssubstratetobeseen TopreventSubstrateInducedDiscoloration(SID)washcottonorlinencanvasbeforeuse
sId definition: Whenusedasasizeovercotton,linenandhardboard,acrylicmediumsdrawsubstancesoutofthesupportastheydryandcontinueovertime Discolorationcanoccurinareasthatareleftunpainted
› WhenapplyingGlossGelMediumtocanvas,useadequatepressuretoforcethemediumintothecanvasweavetoinsureproperbondingbetweenthegelandcanvas
•PowderedPigments:
› Useasthebinderforpowderedpigmentstomakeaninexpensive“studentgrade”heavybody(thick)glosspaint Pigmentsmustbecompatiblewithacrylicemulsion
Gloss heaVy Gel Averythickgelmediumthatextendsworkingtimeandincreasesbrillianceandtransparency Mixwithacrylicpainttoincreasebodyandattainoilpaintlikeconsistencythatholdsbrushorpaletteknifemarks
attributes
•Extraheavybodymediumofgreatdensitywhichdriestotranslucentglossfinish
• Mixwithacrylicpainttoincreasebody,density,viscosityandattainoilpaintlikeconsistencywithbrushorpaletteknifemarks
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / g e l
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
Gloss heaVy Gel (cont )
attributes
•Extendspaintwhileincreasingbrillianceandtransparency
•Keepspaintworkablelongerthanothergelmediums
application
•AsAnExtender:
› MixwithSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColorandHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColortoextendvolume,increasetransparencyandincreasecolorviscosity
•AsAGround:
› RefertoGlossGelformoredetailedinformation
•WithPowderedPigments:
› Useasthebinderforpowderedpigmentstomakeaninexpensive“studentgrade”extraheavybody(thick)glosspaint Pigmentsmustbecompatiblewithacrylicemulsion
Gloss super heaVy Gel Asuperthickgelwithhighsurfacedragusedtocreateastiff“oil-like”feel Idealforcreatinghighpeaksandsculpturalapplicationsthatholdshapewhendry,withminimalshrinkage Thismediumkeepspaintworkablelongerthanmostothergelmediums
attributes
•Extremelythick,extraheavybody Thethickest“clear”gel
•Driescleartotranslucentdependingonthicknessoftheapplication
•Verylittleshrinkageduringdryingtime
•Excellentadhesionforcollageandmixedmedia
•Extendspaint,increasesbrillianceandtransparency
•Flexible,non-yellowingandwaterresistantwhendry
application
•AsaHeavyBodiedExtender
› MixwithSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColororHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColortoincreasecolorviscosity,body,extendvolume,increasetransparencyandcolorbrilliance
•AsAGround
› Whencreatingasculpturalground,besuretouseadequatepressuretoforcethegelintotherawcanvastoinsureproperbonding Applypaintoverthegelafterthegelisdry
•Collage:
› Makesanexcellentglueforcollageanddecoupage
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c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / g e l
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ���� ����
Gloss super heaVy Gel (cont )
application
•WithPowderedPigmentsandotherAggregates
› Becarefulnottoincludesomanyforeignmaterialsastojeopardizethestrengthofthepaintfilm Besuretheyarecompatiblewithacrylicemulsion
› Useasthebinderforpowderedpigmentstomakeaninexpensive“studentgrade”superheavybody(thick)glosspaint Pigmentsmustbecompatiblewithacrylicemulsion
matte Gel Athickgelthatimpartsatranslucentmattesheenwhendry Idealforcreatingcollageswithheavierobjects CombinewithGlossGeltocreateacustomizedsatinfinish
attributes
•SamequalitiesasGlossGelMedium,exceptdriestomattefinish
•ViscosityandbodysimilartoHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColor
• MatteGelMediumhasgreateradhesionthanGlossGelMediumandGlossHeavyGelMedium
application
•AsAnExtender
› MixwithHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColortoextendvolumeandincreasetranslucency,whilemaintainingpaintviscosity
› MixwithSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColortoextendvolumeandincreasetranslucency,whileincreasingpaintviscosity
•AsAGround
› Recommendedthickmediumtouseasatranslucentground(size)foracrylicpaint,withexcellenttoothandadhesion Willallowsomecolorandtextureofthesupporttoshowthrough Useasasubstituteforthehidegluesizetraditionallyusedforoilpaintings
› TopreventSubstrateInducedDiscoloration(SID),washcottonorlinencanvasbeforeuse
sId definition: Whenusedasasizeovercotton,linenandhardboard,acrylicmediumsdrawsubstancesoutofthesupportastheydryandcontinueovertime Discolorationcanoccurinareasthatareleftunpainted
› ExteriorMurals:Ifthesupportorwallisveryrough,acoatofMatteGelMediumshouldbebrushedortroweledontothesurfacepriortogessoapplication
•ForImpastoEffects
› MixwithLiquitex®HeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColorforimpastoeffectsthatdrytoamattesheen
•WithPowderedPigments
› Useasthebinderforpowderedpigmentstomakeaninexpensive“studentgrade”heavybody(thick)mattepaint Pigmentsmustbecompatiblewithacrylicemulsion
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / g e l
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
matte super heaVy Gel Asuperthickgelwhichretainshigh-peaksandcrispbrushandknifestrokeswithverylittleshrinkage Thismediumkeepspaintworkablelongerthanmostothergelmediumsanddriestoatranslucentmattefinish
attributes
•Extremelythick,extraHeavyBody
•Heavybodied,verydense,withhighsurfacedragforastiff“oil-like”feel
•Driestoatranslucentmattefinishdependingonthicknessoftheapplication
•Verylittleshrinkageduringdryingtime
•Excellentadhesionforcollageandmixedmedia
•Extendspaint
•Flexible,non-yellowingandwaterresistantwhendry
application
•AsAGround
› Whencreatingasculpturalground,besuretouseadequatepressuretoforcethegelintotherawcanvastoinsureproperbonding Applypaintoverthegelafterthegelisdry
•Collage
› Makesanexcellentglueforcollageanddecoupage
•WithAggregates
› Becarefulnottoincludesomanyforeignmaterialsastojeopardizethestrengthofthepaintfilm Besuretheyarecompatiblewithacrylicemulsion
ultra matte Gel Agelwithhighresinsolidsthatmaintainscoloropacityandextendspainttodoubleamountswithoutchangingcolorposition Thisproductismeanttobeusedwithopaquecolorswheretransparencyisnotdesired Driestoadeadmattefinishwithabsolutelynolevelofsheen
attributes
• Atranslucentwhitegelofhighdensityandhighsolids,thateconomicallyextendsthevolumeofHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColorwithoutchangingitsthickness
•Addupto50%byvolume,todoubleamountofpaintandretaincolorposition
• Ifmorethan50%isadded,itactsasaveryweaktintingwhite
•Maintainstheopacityofthecolorbetterthanusingacleargelmedium
•Driestoadeadmattefinish,givingcolorsagouachelook
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c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / g e l
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
ultra matte Gel (cont )
application
•Runningoutofcolorduringpainting:
› UsewhenrunningoutofamixedHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColorwhilepainting Whenyouhavereachedthehalfwaypointofpaintingthespecificarea,determineifyouhaveenoughpainttofinish Ifnot,addanequalamountofUltraMatteGeltothecolor Thecolorandopacitywillbeunchanged,butthevolumewillbedoubledenablingyoutofinishpaintingwithoutre-mixing
•Underpainting:
› MixintoHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColorduringinitialunderpainting,todoubleamountofcolor
sloW-drI® BlendInG Gel Aheavybodygelusedtoextendthe“open”timeofacrylicsbymorethan40%foreasierblending Addanyamountwithoutjeopardizingthestrengthofthepaintfilmtoachieveexcellentimpastotechniques
attributes
•Auniqueformulationforsuperiorsurfaceblendingwithacrylics
•Extendsdryingtimeupto40%forsuperiorsurfaceblendingwithacrylics
• IssimilarinbodytoHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColor
• Mixanyamountintocolortoenhancethedepthofcolorintensity,increasetransparency,gloss,andaddflexibilityandadhesiontopaintfilm
• Unlikeretardingadditives,anyquantitymaybeaddedtocolorwithoutjeopardizingthestrengthofthepaintfilm
•Driescleartorevealfull,richcolor
•Translucentwhenwet,transparentwhendry
•Flexible,non-yellowingandwaterresistantwhendry
application
• Formulaisdesignedforuseintechniqueswhereslowerdryingcharacteristicsaredesired MayalsobeusedinmanyoftheconventionaltechniquesforaGlossGelMediumsuchas:brushwork,thickglazes,collage,andmurals
•AsanExtender
› MixwithHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColortolengthendryingtime,extendvolumeandincreasetransparencywhilemaintainingpaintviscosity
› MixwithSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColortoslowdryingtime,extendvolumeandincreasetransparencywhilemakingpaintthicker
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / g e l
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
modelInG paste Averythick,matte,opaquepreparationofmarbledustandpolymeremulsionusedtobuildheavytexturesonrigidsurfaces Thisproducthandleslikeclayanddriestoaveryhardstone-likesurface Canbemixedwithacryliccolororover-paintedwhendry Makesanexcellentsubstrateforacrylicpaint,watercolor,graphite,ordrypastel Greatforsculpturalapplicationsandmaybesanded,carved,ordrilledwhendry Foruseonrigidsupportsonly
attributes
•Amarble“putty”madeofmarbledustand100%polymeremulsion
•Usedtobuildheavytexturesonrigidsupportsandcreatethree-dimensionalforms
•Driestothehardnessofstone Itcanbesandedorcarvedwhenthoroughlydry
• Canbehandledlikeclayifthetopofthecontainerisremovedandsomeofthewaterisallowedtoslowlyevaporateuntilitreachesaclay-likeconsistency
•Adherestoanynon-oily,absorbentsurface
•Dryingtooquicklycausesmudcrackingthatiscosmetic,notstructural
• Whenmixedwithacryliccolorswillactasaweaktintingwhite,whileincreasingthicknessandrigidity
• Excellentsubstrateforacrylicpaint,oilpaint,oilpastel,oilbars,watercolor,graphiteordrypastel
directions
•Applywithknife,brush,cakedecoratingtools,etc
• Topreventshrinkagecracks(mudcracking),dryslowlybycoveringlooselywithplasticwrap Applylessthan¼”thick
•Mixwithacryliccolorstoproduceacoloredtintedpaste
•Whendry,ModelingPastemaybepaintedwithacrylicoroilcolors
application
•Sculptural
› Applyinthinlayersallowingeachlayertodrybeforeapplyingnextlayer Ifcracksappear,allowtodryandfillinwithanadditionalthinlayerofModelingPaste
•Rigidsupport
› Usestraightfromcontainer
•Flexiblesupport
› UseFlexibleModelingPasteorMixModelingPaste50/50withGlossGelMedium,MatteGelMediumorGlossHeavyGelMedium
•Ground
› ApplyathinlayerofAcrylicModelingPastetorigidsurface(i e wood),usingapaletteknife,trowelorroller Letdry,thensandsmooth Repeatifnecessary
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l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
modelInG paste (cont )
application
•Absorbentground
› Mix¼ModelingPastewith¾Liquitex®Gesso Applywithtrowelorroller Letdry,thensandsmooth Repeatifnecessary
•Paper-Maché
› MixAcrylicModelingPaste50/50withLiquitex®GlossGelMedium,MatteGelMediumorGlossHeavyGelMedium Soakpaperinthismixture
lIGht modelInG paste Alightweightandairypreparationofmarbledustandpolymeremulsionspecificallyformulatedtobeusedinapplicationswhereweightisafactor Canbeusedtoaddbodytopaintandcreatepasteltints Driestoamatteopaquewhiteandcanbemixedwithacryliccolororover-painted Recommendedforuseonrigidsupportstoavoidcracking
attributes
• Alightweight,airy,flexible,thick,sculpturalgelspecificallyformulatedtobeusedinapplicationswhereweightisafactor
•Willnotexhibit“mudcracking”
› Usedalone,willdrytoamatteopaquewhitethatreadilyacceptsstainingifdesired
flexIBle modelInG paste Amatte,opaquepreparationofmarbledustandpolymeremulsion Driesmoreslowlythanothermodelingpastestoahard,yetflexiblesurface Usetobuildheavytexturesandthree-dimensionalforms Recommendedforuseonsupportswithoccasionalflexing
attributes
•ExtraHeavyBodyandveryopaque
•Amarblepastemadeofmarbledustand100%polymeremulsion
•Driesmoreslowlythanothermodelingpastestoahardyetflexiblesurface
• Usedtobuildthree-dimensionalformsandheavytexturesonsupportsthatmaybesubjecttoflexingormovement
•Adherestoanynon-oily,absorbentsurface
• Whenmixedwithacryliccolorswillactasaweaktintingwhite,whileincreasingthicknessandrigidity
• Excellentsubstrateforacrylicpaint,oilpaint,oilpastel,oilbars,watercolor,graphiteordrypastel
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / e f f e c t s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
effeCtsLiquitex®offersavarietyofspecialtyproductsincludingFluidMediums,Gelmediums,TextureGelsandAdditiveswhichhavebeenspecificallydesignedtoachievevarious
techniques,applications,andspecialeffects
fluid medium effectsfaBrIC medIum Enhancesblending,workability,andadhesionofacryliccolorsforpaintingdirectlyonfabricorunprimedcanvas Reducesdrypaintstiffness Noheatsettingrequired
attributes
•Enhancestheworkabilityofacrylicpaintonfabric
•Controlsbleedingofcolorswhenthinnedwithwater
• Providesasmooth,consistentflowtoSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColor
•Preventsunevenapplicationofpainttoroughtexturedfabrics
•Reducesstiffnessofdriedacrylicpaintonfabric
• Reducestheneedtoscruborabraderoughtexturedfabricsinorderforpainttoadheretoorpenetrateintosurface
•Doesnotrequireheatsetting
application
• Beginbyaddingmedium1:1withLiquitex®SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColor
Color Blending on fabric
•Mixintoacryliccolorstoimprovewet-on-wetblendingtechniques
•Mediumcanbeaddeddirectlyontofabrictoblendcolor
Watercolor on fabric
• UseFabricMedium5:1withLiquitex®SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColortocontrolcolorbleeding
IrIdesCent medIumAddsrichnesstoacryliccolorsbycreatingametallic/pearlescenteffect Driestranslucentandwillnotoxidize Canaddshimmerorsparkletoapictureeveninthesmallestamount Achievethemostdramaticeffectswhenmixingwithtransparentcolors Trypaintingontopofanydrycolorforuniqueeffects
attributes
•Producesarangeofiridescentormetalliccolorswhenmixedintoacryliccolors
•Opaquewhenwet,transparenttotranslucentwhendry
•Willnotoxidize
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c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / e f f e c t s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
IrIdesCent medIum (cont )
directions
• Mixwithsmallamountsofcolor,graduallyaddingmorecoloruntildesirediridescentqualityandtransparencyisachieved
•Transparentandtranslucentcolorsworkbest Opaquecolorscanalsobeused
•Colorwillbecomemoretransparentaspercentageofmediumincreases
• Colorsincreaseintheiriridescentqualityandbecomemuchmorereflectiveupondrying
•ForMotherofPearlcolor,usedirectlyfromcontainer
•Foruseonfabric,thin50%withdistilledwater
aIrBrush medIum Apre-filtered,ready-to-usemediumthateasilythinsanyacrylictotherightconsistencyforsprayapplication Anexcellentchoiceforcolorwashesandwatercolortechniqueswhenusedwithacryliccolors Mixeswellwithothermediumstoadjustthebodyandhandlingproperties Maintainsintegrityofacrylicsevenathighdilutions,anddecreasesairbrushcloggingandpaintbuildup UsewithLiquitex®SoftBodyColorforbestresults
attributes
• Pre-mixedblendofacrylicpolymeremulsion,distilledwater,retarderandLiquitex®Flow-AidTM
• Readytousepre-filteredandpre-reducedtotheproperconsistencyforairbrushtechnique Addasmuchoraslittleasdesired
•Easilythinsacrylictoasprayableconsistency
•Decreasesairbrushcloggingandpaintbuilduparoundtipduringspraying
•Allowsthinnedacrylicpainttobesprayedefficientlyandretainpaintfilmintegrity
directions
•MixAirbrushMediumintoSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColor Noneedtostrain
• MixAirbrushMediumintoHeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColor Straintoremoveanyparticlesofundissolvedcolor
• Startbymixing50%AirbrushMediumtocolor Mixthoroughly AddmoreAirbrushMediumasnecessarytofacilitateflowthroughtheairbrush EachcolormayrequireadifferentpercentageofAirbrushMediumtocolor,duetovariationincolorpigmentsizeandconcentrationofpigment
• Airbrushnozzlesizeandsprayingpressure(PSI)willdetermineAirbrushMedium/paintmixture Largernozzlesallowforgreateramountsofpaintinthemixture
•Keepairbrushwetduringuse Donotallowpainttodryinairbrush
•Cleanairbrushwithwater,water/ammoniamixture,airbrushcleaneroralcohol
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / e f f e c t s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
pourInG medIum Designedtoeliminatecrazinginpouredapplications,resultingineven,pouredpuddlesandacrylicsheets Canbemixedwithanyacryliccolortocreatesmooth,evencoloredfilms
attributes
•Createseven“puddles,”pouredsheets,andflowingapplicationsofcolor
•Doesnotcraze,crack,orholdbubblesinthepaintfilmupondrying
•Retainshighglossandwetappearancewhendry
•Willnotaddtransparencywhenmixedwithcolor
•Flexible,non-yellowingandwaterresistantwhendry
application
•MixwithSoftBodyAcrylicColortopromotedryingwithasmooth,evenlycoloredfilm
Gel medium effectsstrInG Gel StringGelhasahoney-likeconsistency,andcanbemixedwithsoftorheavybodiedcolorstocreateawidevarietyofeffects StringGellendsitselftocreatinglongropeystrandsofpaintwhenappliedbygentlydrippingitfromtheendofabrushorknife Thismethodofapplicationgivestheartistmuchmoreprecisecontrolofthedrippedorpouredmark,allowinggreaterdetailthanwouldhavebeenpreviouslyavailablebyanyothermeans Whenappliedtraditionallywithabrushitiscapableofproducinglongfluidmarksinwhichcolorfollowsthebrushproducingastreakingeffect Itstransparencyandself–levelingqualitiesfurtherenhancetheuniquepropertiesofthisgelmedium
attributes
•Aself-levelinggelwithasyrupy,honey-likeconsistency
•Enhancesdepthofcolorandincreasestransparencyandflow
•Driesglossyandtransparent
•Permanent,non-yellowing,flexibleandwaterresistantwhendry
applications
• Abstractpainting,wherecontrolleddrips,poursandsplashesgiveabroaderexpressiverangetoartists
• Contemporary/Imaginarylandscapepaintingwheregesturalflowingmarkscouldfunctionwelltodescribefloralelementsfoundinnaturesuchastrees,shrubsorgrass
• Illustration—wheretheuniquepropertiesofthismediummayaddthetextureandstylisticimpacttohelpcommunicatetheartist’svision
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c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / e f f e c t s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k �1�0
texture GelsLiquitex®TextureGelscontainparticlesthatproduceavarietyofuniquetexturalanddimensionaleffects Theymaybemixedwithacryliccolors,othermediums,orusedontheirown AdryTextureGellayercanbeutilizedasatexturedunderpaintingforacrylicpaint,coloredpencilorpastel Mixanytexturegelstogethertoachieveuniquesurfaces
all texture Gels
•Dryflexible
•Donotyellow
•Drywaterresistant
General attributes
• Containspecificaggregates,whichproduceavarietyofuniquetextural,dimensionalandreflectiveeffects,whenmixedwithacrylicpaint
• AllsevenTextureGelsmaybeintermixedtoincreasethevarietyofpossibletextures
•Formulatedformaximumflexibilityandadhesion Willnotchiporcrackoncanvas
• Canbeappliedtoanymaterialorsurfacethatwillaccepttraditionalacrylicmedia,suchascanvas,paper,wood,etc
• TextureGelsarelightweight,non-toxicanddrytoawaterresistant,non-yellowingsurface
CeramIC stuCCo Afavoriteofmanyartists Thisthick,fine-texturedgelcanbeappliedwithapaletteknifetogivethesurfacefinishofanItalianfresco Itdriestoalightgraymattestuccofinishandisagreatabsorbentgroundforwashesandglazing TrypaintingoverthedrysurfacewithAirbrushMediumordrawingwithpastelorcharcoal
•Athick,lowluster,finetexturegel,thatdriestoalightgraymattestuccofinish
•Excellentforproducingthick3-Deffects,aswellasthinlycoatingsurface
•Excellentgroundforacrylic,pastelsandgraphite
• Somewhatsusceptibletoabrasion CoatwithLiquitex®Varnishforaddedprotection Applyvarnishcarefullytoavoidfoamingandclouding
•Workswellwithbrushapplication
WhIte opaque flakesAheavy,coarsegelcontainingirregularsizedandshapedwhiteopaqueflakes Maybeusedtocreatefoliageeffectsinlandscapesbymixingwithopaquecolororglazingoverwhendry Hasasimilareffectofsnowflakesorcoconutflakes
•AHeavybody,coarsegel,thatcontainsirregularsizedandshapedopaqueflakes
• Whiteflaketextureismostapparentwhenmixedwithtransparentortranslucentcolorsorsmallamountsofopaquecolor
• Ifpurewhiteisdesired,addasmallamountofLiquitex®TitaniumWhite
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / e f f e c t s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
Glass BeadsAmediumbodygelthatcontainsclearroundplasticbeadsanddriestoasemi-glosssurface Perfectforcreatinga“bubbly”butsmoothtexturethatcanbedramaticwhenmixedwithcolor Whenpoureditcreatesaflexibleshimmeringfilmforawidevarietyofapplications Workswellasasurfacetopaintoverwithcolor Canbeusedunderoiloracrylic
• Amediumbodygelthatcontainsclear,roundaggregatesthatdrytoasemi-gloss,reflective(“bubbly”)surface
• Formostdramaticreflectiveeffects,mixwithtransparentortranslucentcolorsorapplystraightfromcontaineroverdriedpaint
• Forreflectivetexturalglazes,mixwithLiquitex®GlossMedium&VarnishandsmallamountsofLiquitex®SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColor
•Suitableasagroundforacrylicandoilpaint Workswellwithbrushapplication
Blended fIBers Greatforaddingtextureandbodytopaintedforms Thisthickopaquegel,whendry,willgivetheeffectofflexiblefiberswithamattsheen Itholdsunusualpeaksandknifestrokeswhenmixedwithcolor Cantendtohavetheeffectofpiecesoftornfabric
•Athick,stringy,fibrousgelthatwhendrygivetheeffectofflexiblefibers
• AddLiquitex®GlossGelMediumorGlossHeavyGelMediumforeasierapplicationandtoincreaseadhesionwhilewet
•Worksbestwhenappliedwithpaletteknifeortrowel
resIn sandAthick,coarsegelthatdriestoasemi-glosstexturesimilartoroughcement MixwithBlackLavaandCeramicStuccotocreateanabsorbent,granitelikesurfacethatisveryreceptivetoSoftBodycolors
•Athick,coarse,texturegelthatcontainsaggregatesofvarioussizes
• Driestoa“roughcement”lookandwillretainitsuniquetexturewellwhenmixedwithpaint
•Excellentgroundforacrylicpaint,whendramaticeffectsaredesired
natural sandAfine-texturedgelthatdriestotheappearanceofglossybeachsand Mixwithothergelstocreatecustomizedsurfaces Anexcellentchoicetoaddabitof“tooth”toanunder-painting Trycombingthenaturalsandwitharidgedtrowelforuniformpeaksandvalleys
•Afinelytexturedgelthatdriestoasurfacesimilartoglossy“beachsand”
•MixwithLiquitex®acryliccolorstoimproveblendingandimpartthe“feel”ofoilpaint
• Veryeffectivegroundforacrylics,pastelandgraphitewhendelicatemarksandblendingarenecessary Workswellwithbrushapplication
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c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / e f f e c t s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
BlaCk laVaAcleargelspeckledwithsmallblackparticlesthataddsaninnovativedimensiontopaintsurfaces Givesdramaticeffectswhenmixedwithtransparent,translucent,orinterferencecolorsandcanbeusedtodarkenvaluesinapicture Tryoverpaintingwhendrywithacryliccolorforadditionaleffects
•Ablackspeckledgelthatcontainssmall,flat,hexagonalshapeddarkaggregates
• Whenwet,looksspeckledgraybutwhendry,givetheeffectofground,dry,blacklava
• Mixedwithtransparentandtranslucentcolors,blackspeckledqualityismostapparent
•MixwithLiquitex®InterferenceColorsfordramaticcoloreffects
application
• Applywithpaletteknife,trowel,paintbrush,etc Differenttoolsproducedifferenteffects
•MixacryliccolorintoTextureGelorletgeldryandpaintontop
•MixwithGlossMedium&Varnishtoproducetexturedglazes
• VerysmallamountsofcolorareneededsincemostLiquitex®TextureGelsaretranslucent
• AddLiquitex®GlossGelorGlossHeavyGelwhenusingadditionalaggregates(suchassand)toavoidbrittleness
•TextureGelscanbethinnedwithsmallamountsofdistilledwaterifnecessary
• Varnishwithcaretoavoidfoamingorclouding Ifafinalvarnishlayerisdesired,sprayapplicationofvarnishisadvised
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / e f f e c t s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
additivesAdditivesallowtheartisttoadjustthechemistry(andasaresulttheworkingproperties)ofacrylicpaint Theycanbeusedtoincreasetheflow,theopacity,orthethickness,andmore Whiletheydocontainacrylicpolymerforcompatibility,theydonotcontainsufficientacrylicresintoactasabinderwithinthepaint Ingeneral,Liquitex®recommendsthatnomorethan25%ofanadditivebeaddedtothepaint Additionally,mixingmorethanoneadditiveatatimeintoyourpaintisnotrecommended
all addItIVes
• Shouldbeusedsparinglyandonlyintheamountneededtoachievethedesiredeffect
•Donotaddtransparencytothepaintfilm
•Availableinbothfluidandgelviscosities
sloW-drI® Gel retarderAnexcellentchoicewhenworkinginlowhumidity,orwheneverincreasedworkabilityandblendingtimeofacrylicpaintsandmediumsisdesired Willretainbrushstrokesandaddbodytoloweriscositycolors Shouldnotaddmorethan25%asthereisnobinderanditcanweakenthestabilityofthepaintfilmwhentoomuchisadded
attributes
•SimilartoSlow-Dri®FluidRetarder,exceptingel(heavybody)thickness
• Gelconsistency,designedtobeusedwithLiquitex®HeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColor
• MayalsobeusedwithLiquitex®SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColorandallLiquitex®Mediums,howeverthicknessofpaintsormediumswillbeincreased
directions
• Donotmixmorethan25%pervolumeintopaintandmediumsorpaintmaynotfullydryandmayhavepooradhesionandexcessiveshrinking
sloW-drI® fluId retarderAfluidthatslowsthedryingtimeofacrylicpaintsandmediumsbyupto40% Anabsolutelyessentialadditiveifworkingindrierclimates Mixintothepaintwhenonthepalettetoslowtheskinning-overofpaintandincreaseblendingtime Shouldnotaddmorethan25%asthereisnobinderanditcanweakenthestabilityofthepaintfilmwhentoomuchisadded
attributes
• Increases“open”timeofacrylicpaint Reducespaintskinningoveronpalette
• Increasesblendingtime,makingblendingofcolorsanddetailbrushworkeasier
•MixwithLiquitex®AcrylicColorsandMediumstoretarddryingtimeupto50%
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / e f f e c t s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
sloW-drI® fluId retarder (cont )
attributes
• Fluidconsistency,madetobeusedwithLiquitex®SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColor
• MayalsobeusedwithLiquitex®HeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColorandallLiquitex®Mediums,howeverthicknessofpaintsandmediumswillbereduced
directions
• Donotmixmorethan25%pervolumeintopaintandmediumsorpaintmaynotfullydry
floW aId™Breakswatertensiontoimproveflow,absorbencyandblendingofanywaterbasedpaint,inkordyeandminimizesbrushstrokes UsewithLiquitex®SoftBodycolortocreateveryfluidwasheswithouthardedges Greatforstainingeffectsonrawcanvas Shouldnotaddmorethan25%asthereisnobinderanditcanweakenthestabilityofthepaintfilmwhentoomuchisadded
attributes
• Useinconjunctionwithanyacrylicmediumorcolorwhenincreasedflowandabsorptionanddecreasedfilmtensionandfrictionareimportant
• Aflowenhancerthatimprovestheflow,absorptionandblendingofanywater-solublepaint(i e acrylicpaint),medium,inkordye
•Minimizesbrushmarks,byreducingfrictionofpaintapplication
• Doesnotcontainbinder OverthinningofacrylicpaintwithFlow-AidTMandapplyingtoanon-absorbentsurface(i e gessoedcanvas)mayresultinpooradhesion Alwaysmakeatestpieceforyourparticularapplicationandsurface
• Onnon-absorbentsurfaces,willincreasethefluidityandopen(drying)timeofthepaint
•Onabsorbentsurfaces,willactasastain,dyeorwatercolor
directions
• Flow-AidTMisaconcentrate Dilutewithwaterbeforemixingintopaint Distilledwaterisbest,sincequalityoftapwatervaries
• Minimumdilution:1partFlow-AidTMto10partsdistilledwatertoachieveFlow-AidTMWater
• Normaldilution:1partFlow-AidTMto20partsdistilledwatertoachieveFlow-Aid™Water
• Donotuseundiluted Usingundilutedmayresultinpoorpaintadhesion,causepainttocrack,remaintackyandbecomewatersensitive
• Donotshakeorrapidlystir ThiswillincreasefoamingofFlow-AidTM Waituntilfoaminghassubsidedbeforeusing
• Absorbentsurfaces:UseasmuchFlow-AidTMasnecessary TheFlow-AidTMWater/paintmixturewillbeabsorbedbythesupport
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / e f f e c t s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
floW aId (cont )
directions
• MixFlow-AidTMWaterintowaterbasedpaint DonotmixFlow-AidTMwithturpentineoroilpaint
• DonotuseFlow-AidTMinmarbling,asthistechniquerequiresthatthesurfacetensionofthewaterfilmbemaintained
lIquIthICk™ thICkenInG GelExcellentforsculpturaleffectswhenamattfinishisdesired Givesthehandlingcharacteristicsofoilorencausticpaintwhenaddedtowater-basedacrylicpaintsandmediums Worksgreatwithopaquecolorsasitdoesnotincreasetransparencyorchangethepositionofcolors Shouldnotaddmorethan25%asthereisnobinderanditcanweakenthestabilityofthepaintfilmwhentoomuchisadded
attributes
•Athickeninggelforwatersolubleacrylicpaintandmediums
• Usedinsmallamounts,produceshandlingcharacteristicsveryclosetothatofoilorencausticpaint
• Athigherconcentrationscanthickenpaintormediumsto“cake”orsculpturalconsistency
• Dryingtimewillbebetween24hoursto7daysdependinguponamountofLiquithickTMaddedtopaintormedium
•LiquithickTMdoesnotincreasetransparency
•LiquithickTMproducesamattesurfacesheentodriedpaintfilm
• PaintandmediumshrinkagewilloccurinproportiontotheamountofLiquithickTMadded
directions
• StartbyaddingaverysmallamountofLiquithickTMtopaintormediumandmixwellwithapaletteknife Theproperproportionwillvarywithcoloranddesiredeffect
• Proportionsof20or25partscolorto1partLiquithickTMwillchangethehandlingcharacteristics
•ContinueaddingLiquithickTMslowlyuntilthedesiredviscosityisachieved
• Addonlyenoughfordesiredeffectanddonotexceed1to4ratioasexcessiveshrinkageandcrackingmayoccur
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c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / v A r n i s h
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
finishVarnIshTherearemanymisconceptionsaboutwhetherornotitisnecessarytovarnishanacrylicpainting Asageneralrule,youshouldalwaysvarnishyouracrylicworkwhenpossible Varnishesareappliedover
drypaintfilmsandserveseveralpurposes Theirfirstandmostimportantfunctionistoprotectthepaintingsurfacefromtheenvironmentandprotectthepigmentsfromultravioletlight Secondly,varnishescanbeusedtosaturateandrevealapainting’ssurface,therebyunifyingtheoverallsheen Liquitex®varnishescomeinseveraldifferentsheens,whichcanallbeintermixedforacustomizedsheen
Ourvarnishesareeitherpermanentorremovableandcanbeappliedtobothflexibleandrigidsupports
BenefIts of VarnIshInG:
1 Minimizetheattractionandmigrationofatmosphericpollutantsintothepaintfilm
2 Protectagainstsurfaceabrasionduringshippingorexhibition
3 Boostthebrightnessandcolorsaturation
4 Adjustandunifythesurfacesheen
5 Protectcolorsfromultravioletlight AnyvarnishwillaffordsomeprotectionbutthosewithUVinhibitorsofferextendedprotectionfromcolorfading
6 Allowsforeasycleaningwithoutfearofremovingordamagingthepaintfilm
arChIVal permanent VarnIsh
attributes
• 100%acrylicpolymervarnish Watersolublewhenwet Goodchemicalandwaterresistance
•Forinteriorandexterioruse
•Excellentlevelingproperties
• Translucentwhenwet—driescleartoanon-tacky,hard,flexiblesurfacethatisresistanttoretentionofdirt
• Resistdiscoloring(non-yellowing,non-fogging)duetohumidity,heatandultravioletlight
•Dependinguponsubstrate,allowsmoisturetopassthrough(breathable)
•Notforuseoveroilpaint
available sheens
•HighGlossVarnish
•GlossVarnish
•SatinVarnish
•MatteVarnish����
V
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / v A r n i s h
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
reCommended applICatIon – permanent Varnishes
Chooseadesiredsheen Permanentvarnishesarenon-removableandshouldalwaysbetestedbeforeapplyingtoyourwork Makesurethatyourpaintedsurfaceiscompletelydry(between72hours–2weeksdependingonthickness)beforeapplyinganyvarnish Onlyapplyvarnishesinaworkenvironmentthatiscleanandfreeofdirtanddust
arChIVal remoVaBle VarnIsh – soluvar®
• Permanent,removable,mineralspiritbasedfinalvarnishforacrylicandoilpaintingsthatprotectspaintingsurfaceandallowsforremovalofsurfacedirt,withoutdamagingpaintingunderneath Oncesurfaceisclean,anewcoatofSoluvar®maybereappliedtosurface
•Forinteriorandexterioruse
•Excellentlevelingproperties—willnotholdbrushstrokes
• Resistsdiscoloring(non-yellowing,non-fogging)duetohumidity,heatandultravioletlight
•Clearinthewetstate
•Canbeusedonoil&acrylicpaintings
•Removewithmineralspiritsorturpentine
• Flexible Willnotcrackassurfaceexpandsandcontractsduringtemperatureandhumiditychanges
• ContainultravioletlightinhibitorsthatresistcolorfadingbydiffusingUVradiationbeforeitcomesincontactwithpaintedsurface Thethickerthevarnishfilm,thegreatertheprotection
•Donotuseonpaintovervinyl
available sheens
•SoluvarGlossVarnish
•SoluvarGlossVarnishAerosol
•SoluvarMatteVarnish
•SoluvarMatteVarnishAerosol
reCommended applICatIon – soluvar®
1 Apply1–2layersofGlossMedium&Varnishasanisolationbarrierbeforeapplying Letdry1–3hoursbetweencoats Allowtodry48hoursafterfinalcoat
2 Cleanthesurfacewithalintfreeragdampenedwithmineralspirits
3 Apply1–2layersofSoluvarVarnish IfusingSoluvarMattestirthoroughly(donotshake,thiswillcausetheformationofbubble)beforeapplying Allow24hoursdryingtimebetweenvarnishcoats
4 ForOils—wait6–12monthsbeforeapplyingvarnish
5 Useonly“true”mineralsprits(notodorless)tothinSoluvarifneeded
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / v A r n i s h
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
VarnIshInG tIps1 Donotshakethevarnish Shakingcanintroducebubblesthatwillformanddry
onyourpaintedsurface
2 Applyin1–3thincoats,ratherthan1thickcoat Athickcoatwilltakelongertodry,maydrycloudy,driporsagduringapplicationandhasagreaterchanceofshowingbrushstrokeswhendry
3 Placetheworktobevarnishedflatonatable—donotvarnishvertically
4 Thinnedvarnishismoresusceptibletoproducingbubbles Donotbevigorousinyourapplication
5 Applyinlongevenstrokestocoverthesurfacetoptobottomwhilemovingfromonesidetotheother Whileworking,inspectthevarnishlayeratallanglesforbubbles Eventhemoutimmediately
6 Onceyouleaveanarea,donotgobackoverareasthatyouhavedone Ifyoudo,youriskdraggingpartiallydryresinintowet,whichwilldrycloudyoverdarkcolors Ifanyareasweremissed,allowtodrycompletelyandre-varnish
7 WhenapplyingLiquitex®MatteorSatinVarnish,applynomorethan1–2thincoatsasthickapplicationsmayresultincloudinesswhendry Ifmorethan2coatsaredesired,firstvarnishwithGlossVarnishtothedesiredthicknessandapplyMatteorSatinVarnishasthefinalcoat
8 Airbrushapplicationsofvarnisharerecommendedforheavilytexturedworkorverticalapplications(suchasmurals)
9 Applicationofavarnishwitharolleroraspongebrushisnotrecommended
thInnInG – all VarnIshes•Thinningincreasespenetrationandcanmakeiteasiertoapplyvarnish
• Overthinningmayresultinweakvarnishfilm,pooradhesion,runningandsoakingintosubstrate
VarnIsh remoVal
all liquitex® Varnishes (except for soluvar®)
•Notremovable Donotattempttoremovethesevarnisheswithharshsolvents
soluvar® Gloss and matte Varnish
•Removevarnishinclean,well-ventilatedarea
• Wearadualfilterrespirator(NIOSHapproved)andneoprenegloves Dampenasmallpieceoflintfree,soft,whiteclothwithmineralspirits(not“odorless”)orturpentine—nothingstronger Donotuseketonesorpaintremovers
• Workhorizontally Applymineralspiritsgenerouslyandallowittolayonsurfacefor15–30minutes Checkperiodically Longertimemaybenecessary,dependinguponageofartworkandstrengthofmineralspirits Ifvarnishisnotdissolvingordissolvingslowly,useahigherstrengthmineralspiritsorturpentine(coverwithplastictoslowdownevaporationofmineralspirits) Strongermineralspiritsarenotlabeledassuch,buthaveastrongerodor
• Rubclothgentlyoverasmallarea1–2squareinchesuntilvarnishstartstodissolve ����
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / v A r n i s h
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k �1�0
VarnIsh remoVal (cont )
soluvar® Gloss and matte Varnish
• Usingacleanclothandcleansolvent,rubtheareaagaintoremoveresidue Repeatthisprocedurefortheentireareatobecleaned Ifanypaintcolorshowsonthecloth,stopimmediatelyandallowthesurfacetodry
• AllowpaintingtodrybeforereapplyingafreshcoatofSoluvar®FinalPictureVarnish
VarnIshInG GIClee prIntsMostgicleeprintsaremadeusingwaterbasedpigmentedinks Inthiscase,directbrushapplicationofwaterbasedacrylicemulsionvarnishesisnotpossible,asitwouldbegintodissolvetheinks Youcanhowever,sprayapplyLiquitex®GlossVarnish Youcanuseanairbrush,spraygunorplantmister Theapplicationshouldbedoneinseveralcoatsstartingoutwithjustafinemistandworkingtoathickerapplication Thevarnishcanbebrushappliedoncetheairbrushedlayersaredryifathickercoatisdesired Liquitex®AcrylicColororGlossGelcanthenbeappliedtoaddadditionalcolororabrushstrokelook YoumayapplyLiquitex®Soluvar®ifdesiredasitcontainsUVinhibitorstohelpprotectcolorsfromfading,howevercolorpermanencyisdependentonthepigmentsandthesubstrateused Liquitex®Soluvar®issolventbasedandcontainsnowatersoitcanalsobeapplieddirectlytogicleeprintswithoutdisturbingtheinks
teChnIques & applICatIonsLiquitex®offersanassortmentofmediumstoachieveavarietyoftechniquesandapplications Usethechartbelowtoidentifywhichproductwilldeliverthebestdesiredresults
technique medium to useAcrylicSheets • GlossMedium&Varnish • MatteMedium • AnyGlossorMatteGel • GlazingMedium • PouringMedium
Airbrush • AirbrushMedium
Collage(Light) • MatteMedium • GlossMedium&Varnish
Collage(heavy) • AnyGlossorMatteGel
ColorBlending • Slow-Dri®BlendingMediumorGel • Slow-Dri®FluidorGelRetarder • GlossMedium&Varnish • MatteMedium • AnyGlossorMatteGel • GlazingMedium
ColorThinning • GlossMedium&Varnish • GlazingMedium • MatteMedium • AirbrushMedium
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x ® p r o d u c t s / m e d i u m s / v A r n i s h
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
teChnIques & applICatIons (cont )
technique medium to useDyeing • Flow-AidTM
Extender(transparent) • GlossMedium&Varnish • MatteMedium • Slow-Dri®BlendingMediumorGel • AnyGlossorMatteGel • GlazingMedium
Extender(opaque) • UltraMatteMedium • UltraMatteGel
FabricPainting • FabricMedium
FineDetail • Flow-AidTM • Slow-Dri®BlendingMedium • Slow-Dri®FluidRetarder • AirbrushMedium*
Fixative • GlossMedium&Varnish • MatteMedium • AirbrushMedium
Glazing • GlazingMedium • GlossMedium&Varnish • Slow-Dri®BlendingMediumorGel
Ground(transparent) • ClearGesso • MatteMedium • AnyGlossorMatteGels
Impasto • AnyGlossorMatteGels
TransferringPrintedImages • GlossMedium&Varnish • AnyGlossorMatteGel • AnyTextureGels
• IridescentMedium • GlazingMedium
Monoprint • Slow-Dri®BlendingMediumorGel • AnyGlossorMatteGel • Slow-Dri®GelRetarder
Pouring • PouringMedium
Silk-screenBlockOut • GlossMedium&Varnish • MatteMedium
Staining • Flow-AidTM
Stencils • AnyGlossorMatteGel
Textures • AnyGlossorMatteGel • AnyTextureGels
Watercolor • Flow-AidTM • Slow-Dri®BlendingMedium • AirbrushMedium
�1�0
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
aCrylIC sheetsThisprocessallowsartiststocreateflexibleacrylicsheetsofvaryingthickness,sheen,color,textureandsize ItcanbedonewithawidevarietyofLiquitex®Mediumsandtexturegels,incombinationwithacrylicpainttoachievenumerousdesiredeffects EachmediumwillimpartadifferentqualitytotheAcrylicsheet
uses•Self-SupportingPaintings
› Acrylicsheetscanbehungdirectlyonawall(nocanvasorstretcherbars),asonemighthangaquilt
•Collage› Acrylicsheetsmaybeadheredtopaintingsurfacesandpaintedoverascollage
elementsinapicture •Sculpture
› Acrylicsheetsmaybeadheredtosculpturalformsandpainted
dIreCtIons
• Putmaskingtapeonasmoothsheetofglassinthedesiredshapeandsizeoftheacrylicsheettobecreated
applICatIon
•Brush
› Usea1/2”to2”wide,softbrushtoapplydesiredLiquitex®FluidMediumorAcrylicMedium/colormixture
› Add5–10%Liquitex®Flow-Aid™(1partLiquitex®Flow-AidTMto20partsdistilledwater)forsmoothapplication
› Allowtofullydry,(1–12hoursdependingonenvironment)
› Repeatstepsuntilsheetisthickenoughsothatyoucanpeelitoffglasswithouttearing
› 5–12coatswillgiveyouathicknessof1/16”to1/8”
› Thicknessshouldvaryaccordingtodesiredeffect
› Thinlayersmaybedifficulttohandle
› Coatsuccessivelayersinalternatingdirections
•Roller
› Useamediumnaprollertoapplyfluidmediumorpaint/mediummixture
› Thiswillgivethinnestapplicationofacrylic (Airbubblesmaydryinsheets )
04c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s
ApplicATionsc
hA
pt
er
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / A c r y l i c s h e e t s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
applICatIon (cont )
•Trowel
› Usea2–6”troweltoapplya1/8”thickapplicationofLiquitex®GelMediumorheavybodypaint/mediummixture Mayresultinanunevenapplication
•Pouring
› Onsmoothsheetofglass,createdesiredshape/imagewithmaskingtapein4–5successivelayerssothataridgeordamisbuiltup
› Usealeveltoensuresurfaceisflat (Ifsurfaceisnotlevel,pouredmediumwilldrythickerattheloweredge )
› PourFluidMediumorpaint/mediummixtureoversurface Spreadaroundwithsoftbrushifneededwhilewet
› Allowallmethodstodrycompletely:48–72hours
› Toremovesheets:useablade,andscorealongtapededgestoseparatesheet Peeloffglass (Ifnecessarydampenentiresurfacewithawetspongetoreleaseacrylicsheetfromglasssurface )
reCommended produCts:
•Liquitex®PouringMedium
› Driesglossyandclear
› Mixwith5–10%Liquitex®SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColorforauniquepour
•Liquitex®GlossMedium&Varnish
› Driesglossyandclear
› Mixwith5–20%Liquitex®SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColorfortransparent-opaquesheet(varieswiththicknessandcolor)
•Liquitex®GlazingMedium
› Driesglossyandclear
› MixwithasmallamountofatransparentortranslucentLiquitex®SoftBodyArtistColorforastainedglasseffect
•Liquitex®MatteMedium,MatteGel,andMatteSuperHeavyGel
› Driesmatteandopaque
› Mixwith5–20%Liquitex®SoftBodyArtistColor
•Liquitex®IridescentMedium
› Driesopalescentandtranslucent-opaque
› Mixwith5–20%Liquitex®SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColorforcoloredopalescentsheet(Opacityvarieswiththicknessandcolor)
• Liquitex®GlossGel,GlossHeavyGelandGlossSuperHeavyGel
› Driesglossandtranslucent-opaque(dependinguponthickness)
› Mixwith5–20%Liquitex®SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColorforcoloredglosssheet(Transparencywillvarywiththickness)
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / A c r y l i c s h e e t s – A i r b r u s h i n g
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k ����
reCommended produCts (cont ):
•Liquitex®TextureGelMediums
› Mixwith5–20%Liquitex®SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColor
› Driedsheetswillvaryinsheen,opacityandtexture
•Liquitex®TextureGelMediums
› Mix10–50%TextureGelMediumsintoanyLiquitex®FluidorGelMedium Forexample,Liquitex®BlackLavaTextureGelmixedwithLiquitex®GlossMedium&Varnishwillresultinasheetthatistransparentwithblackspeckles
•Liquitex®InterferenceColors
› Mix5–10%Liquitex®SoftBodyInterferenceColorintoanyoftheLiquitex®FluidorGelMediumfamilytocreateanopalescentcoloredsheet
› Mix5–10%Liquitex®SoftBodyInterferenceColorintoBlackLavaTextureGeltocreateaniridescentmetallicSheet
adherInG aCrylIC sheets to a support
•Canvas,wood,MasoniteTMandfabricareallgreatsurfacesforacrylicsheets
• CoatthebackofthesheetwitheitherGlossMedium&Varnish,GlossGel,GlossHeavyGel,orGlossSuperHeavyGel
•Quicklypositionthesheetontothesupportwiththewetsidedownandpress
• Toinsureproperadhesionletthetransferredsheetdryunderweight Coveracrylicsheetwithwaxpaperbeforeaddingweighttopreventsticking
• IfadheringtowoodorMasoniteTM,sheetsmaybestapledtosupport(inadditiontoorinsteadofgluingwithmediums)
aIrBrushInGLiquitex®ProfessionalArtistColorsofferthemostpermanent,brilliant,lightfastandversatileairbrushcoloravailable Allcolorsarelowtonoodorandareeasytothinandcleanupwithwater Theyarenon-yellowing,waterresistantwhendry,fullypigmented,flexibleandnon-toxic
•liquitex® soft Body professional artist Color
› Liquitex®SoftBodyisrecommendedforbestresults
› FluidconsistencymixeseasilywithLiquitex®AirbrushMediumtomakeairbrushcolors
› OnlysmallamountofLiquitex®AirbrushMediumisnecessaryforproperconsistency
› Pre-filtered,nostrainingnecessaryafteraddingLiquitex®AirbrushMedium
•liquitex® heavy Body professional artist Color
› Liquitex®HeavyBodytakeslongertothinandrequiresgreateramountofAirbrushMediumtoreachairbrushconsistency Thisyieldslessintenseairbrushcolorandstrainingmaybenecessary
c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / A i r b r u s h i n g
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
ChoosInG speCIfIC aIrBrush Colors
•Everycolorhasaspecificopacity,hue,valueandchroma
•AllLiquitex®AcrylicColorsarelabeledwiththisinformation
• Thisinformationisimportantinairbrushtechnique,sincecolorblendsareopticallycreated (Ratherthanphysicallymixedonapaletteasintraditionalpainting )
aIrBrush applICatIon
• Theproperthinningprocedureisdeterminedbythetypeofsurfacetobeairbrushedandbythedurabilitydesiredforthefinalpaintfilm
absorbent surfaces:
•Hardwoods,paper,fabric,plaster,Liquitex®ModelingPaste,andprimedcanvas
• ThinpaintwithLiquitex®AirbrushMedium,distilledwaterorFlow-AidTM(1partFlow-AidTMto20partsdistilledwater)
• UseLiquitex®Flow-AidTMtoincreaseabsorptiononabsorbentsurfacesandpaintflowthroughairbrush (Itwillalsoreduceclogging )
• Fabric:Washpriortoairbrushingtoremovesizing Colorsmustpermeateclothandbeseenasghostimageonreversesidetobepermanent Allowtocurefor3daysbeforewashingordrycleaning
•Resultingcolorsarepermanent
• Surfacesabsorbpaintdifferently—Alwaysperformatestifyouareuncertain
non-absorbent surfaces:
•Plastic,metal,masonry
• ThinpaintwithLiquitex®AirbrushMedium,Liquitex®FluidMediums&distilledwaterorLiquitex®FluidMediumsandFlow-AidTM
• Over-thinningwithwateronlymaycausepooradhesion,cracking,flakingorpeeling Abradesurfaceforincreasedadhesion
techniques
•ThinningwithWaterorFlow-AidTM
› Firstadd50%distilledwaterorFlow-AidTM(upto80%ifneeded)tothepaintandmixthoroughly
› Amountmayvaryduetoindividualpigmentcharacteristics Dilutingreducespigmentcolorstrength
› Straintoensureproperflowthroughairbrush
› Absorbencywilldiminishwithsuccessiveairbrushlayers
•ThinningwithLiquitex®AirbrushMedium
› MixingcolorswithLiquitex®AirbrushMediumwillensurethatthecolorsdonotlosetheirflexibility,durabilityandadhesion
› Liquitex®AirbrushMediumcontainsspecificadditivestoslowdrying,improveflow,anddecreaseclogging
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / A i r b r u s h i n g
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
aIrBrush applICatIon (cont )
Directions• MixLiquitex®AirbrushMediumintoLiquitex®SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColor
thoroughlyataratioof1:1,addingmoreLiquitex®AirbrushMediumasneeded
•Properconsistencyisthatoflightcream—Dilutingcolorincreasestransparency
• Ifmixtureistoothickeitherincreaseairpressureoradddistilledwatertothinairbrushpaintmixture Donotexceed1:1ratioLiquitex®AirbrushMediumtowater
• Theproperviscosity,willdependontheairpressure,typeofairbrushandproximitytotheworkingsurface
• Asthepaintisthinned,airpressurecanbeloweredandtheairbrushheldclosertotheworkingsurfaceforgreaterdetail Astheairpressureisincreasedtheairbrushisheldfurtherfromtheworkingsurface
•Note: Liquitex®IridescentandInterferencecolorscontainmicaflakesthatmayrequirealargerairbrushnozzleandgreaterairpressureforconsistentspraying )
maskInG teChnIques• Maskscoverandprotectareasnottobepainted StencilsandFrisketsare2types
ofmasks Maskingpapercanbetapedoverlargerareas
stencil
• Athinsheetofmaterialinwhichashapeorpatterniscut,throughwhichpaintcanbeappliedtothesurfacebelow
•PositiveStencil—spraythroughholes
•NegativeStencil—holdpiecesonsurfaceandspray
frisket or masking fluid
• Athinvinylfilmwithalowtackadhesiveononeside,toprotectcoveredareasfromoverspray
• Ifanareahasbeenpainted,allowtocompletelydrybeforeapplyingfrisket
•Burnishfriskettomakesureit’sflat,withnoairbubbles
• Toimproveadhesionoffrisketfilmtocanvas,useafineweavecanvasandapply1-2coatsofLiquitex®GlossMedium&Varnishoverareathatistobecovered
• Usingasharprazorknifeandlightpressure,carefullycutfriskettodesiredshape Removeunwantedfrisketandapplynextcolor
•Donotallowfrisketortapetoremainonthesurfaceforperiodslongerthanaday
tape
• ToachievestraightlinesorattachmaskingmaterialsuseDraftingorScotchTMtapeinamannersimilartofrisket Ithasalowadhesivetack,whichwillnotdamagepaintedareaswhenremoved
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Positive Stencil
Negative Stencil
c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / A i r b r u s h i n g
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
maskInG teChnIques (cont )
protecting delicate airbrush areas on Canvas for masking procedures
•Allowsprayedareatodryfully
• Useaclean,softbrushorsprayapplicationandcarefullycoatareawithLiquitex®GlossMedium&Varnish Allowtodry
•Continueairbrushapplicationoverpaintingsurfaceasneeded
•Repeatasnecessary
aIrBrush CleanInG• Water-solublepaintcanbeeasilycleanedfromtheairbrushwhilewet Donotallow
acrylicpaintormediumstodryintheairbrush
While working
•Backflushcleanwaterthroughtheairbrushperiodically
• Paintbuild-uponthetipoftheairbrushneedleandinthespraycapshouldberemovedregularly
•Occasionallyremovetheneedleforamorethoroughcleaning
• Airbrushshouldbestoredinacontainerofwater(withtipsubmerged)whennotbeingused
•Donotimmersetheentireairbrushinwater
final Clean up
• BackFlushAirbrushusingwater,anammoniabasedwindowcleanerorairbrushcleaner
• Allowsomecleanertoremainintheairbrushforabout15minutestoloosenanystubborndeposits
•Followthisbysprayingwaterthroughthebrushuntilclean
•Cleantheoutsideoftheairbrushwithdenaturedalcohol •Note:Donotsoakplasticwashers,sealsorhandlesinalcohol
health WarnInGs•Whenspraying,useaneffectivedustorparticlemask,approvedbyNIOSH
• Airbrushenclosureshouldhaveadequateventilation,withventforincomingairandfanexhaust
• Readpaintlabel CadmiumandCobaltpigmentsaretoxicinmist(spray)formandmaybecancercausingifinhaled
•Theyshouldbeavoidedinspraytechnique
• Liquitex®“Hue”colorsarenon-toxicinmistandshouldbeusedinplaceofCadmiumandCobaltcolorsforsafesprayapplications
•Alwayskeeptheworkareascleanofairbrushoverspray
•Donoteatorsmokeinthestudio
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / b r u s h w o r k
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
BrushWorkWashes
• TocreatecolorpassagesthatcoverbroadareasbeginwithLiquitex®SoftBodyAcrylicColor
•Waterandmediumcanbeaddeduntildesiredfluidityisachieved
Note:avoidover-thinningwithwaterbyaddingmediumtomaintainintegrityofpaintfilmandproperadhesion(50%water/paintrequiresanequalamountofmedium)
• Liquitex®Airbrushmediumisidealforthisapplicationasitisveryfluid,yetsupportsthepaintfilm
• SheencanbeadjustedwitheitherglossormattmediumandopentimecanbeextendedwithLiquitex®Slow-Dri®BlendingMediumorSlow-Dri®FluidRetarder
fIne lIne detaIl•Liquitex®SoftBodyAcrylicColorwillyieldthebestresults
•Waterandmediumcanbeaddeduntildesiredfluidityisachieved
Note:avoidover-thinningwithwaterbyaddingmediumtomaintainintegrityofpaintfilmandproperadhesion(50%water/paintrequiresanequalamountofmedium)
•Asoft,smallroundbrushwillgivemaximumcontrolofmark
•Asmoothsurfaceisidealforthisapplication
• UseAdditivesthatincrease“open”timetodecreasesurfacefrictionandincreaseflow
•Recommendedproducts:
› Liquitex®Slow-Dri®FluidRetarder:
› Liquitex®Flow-AidTM
› Liquitex®Slow-Dri®BlendingMedium
› Liquitex®AirbrushMedium
dry Brush, sCumBlInG, stIpplInG•Usepaintthatisnottoofluidandlightlydragastiffbrushacrossthesurface
•Aroughersurfaceworksbetterforthistechnique
•MaybedonewithLiquitex®SoftBody,HeavyBody,orSuperHeavyBody
•Nomediumsoradditivesarenecessaryforthistechnique
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / b r u s h w o r k – c o l l A g i n g
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
Impasto• Apaintingtechniquethatusesabrushorknifeloadedwithpainttocreatebold
texturesthatstandoutinrelief WellknownexamplesincludepaintingsbyartistssuchasVincentVanGoghandFrankAuerbach
•RecommendedProducts:
› Liquitex®SuperHeavyBodypaintoffersbrilliantpigmentationandisidealforsculpturalapplications ItisthethickestprofessionalqualityArtistacryliccolorcommerciallyavailable
› HeavyBodyArtistsColorisexcellentforcreatingtextureandrevealingbrushwork
› LiquithickTMThickeningGelwillincreaseimpastotoanyviscositywithoutchangingcolororopacity (Note:highconcentrationsofthisgelwillcauseshrinkage )
› GlossGel,GlossHeavyGelandGlossSuperHeavyGelwillincreasetransparencyandflexibilitywhileenhancingimpastosurfaces
› MatteGelorMatteSuperHeavyGelthickenpaintandofferamattesheen
› ModelingPasteandLightModelingPastewillthickenpaintwhiledecreasingflexibilityandincreasingopacity Itshouldbeusedonfirmsubstratesuchasboardorpanel UselightModelingPastwhenweightisaconsideration
› FlexibleModelingPastedriesmoreslowlythanothermodelingpastestoahardyetflexiblesurface Designedtobeusedonflexiblesurfacessuchascanvas
CollaGInGCollageisatechniquewherematerialsofdifferentsizesandweightsaregluedtoabackingsurface Thecollagematerialsandbackingsurfacedeterminethetypeofgluetobeused Liquitex®AcrylicMediumsareexcellentgluesforcollagetechniques Theyprovideeasy,permanent,non-toxicadheringofmostmaterialstoanysurfacesuitableforacrylicpaint
preparatIon•Allsurfacesshouldbefreeofdirtandgrease
• Forsmoothsurfaces,suchasplastic,metalandglass,sandfirsttoinsureproperadhesion
•Absorbentsurfaces,suchaspaper,canvasandwoodusuallyneednopreparation
applICatIon•ApplyappropriateLiquitex®Mediumtocollagematerial,substrateorboth
•Whileacrylicmediumisstillwet,applycollagematerialtosurface
• Ifacrylicmediumisabsorbedintocollagesurface(somepapersareveryabsorbent),allowmediumtodry Thenre-applyasecondcoat Thesecondcoatwillnotbeabsorbedbycollagesurface
• Ifacrylicmediumisdryingtoofast,keepenvironmentcoolandhumid
• Allowacrylicmediumtofullydry FluidMediums(1–4hours) GelMediums(24–72hours),dependinguponthicknessofapplication
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s – c o l l A g i n g
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
types of CollaGe adhesIVesLiquitex®Mediumsareavailableinseveralformulationsthatvaryinthicknessandsheen Whileeachmediumcanbeusedwithavarietyofmaterials,specificmaterialsmayrequireaspecificmedium
for lightweight and flat materials (suchaspaper,canvas,etc ),useLiquitex®FluidMediumoranyGelMedium
for heavyweight and 3-d materials (suchasbeads,rocks,etc ),useanyLiquitex®GelMediums
lIquItex® fluId medIumsGlossMedium&Varnish
•Driesclear,glossfinish
MatteMedium
•BestadhesivequalitiesofanyFluidMedium
•Driesfromtranslucenttoopaque,mattefilmfinish
lIquItex® Gel medIumsGlossGel
•Driestoclear-translucent,glossfilmfinish
MatteGel•BestadhesivequalitiesofanyGelMedium
•Driestranslucenttoopaque,withamattefilmfinish
GlossHeavyGel•Driestoclear,translucent,glossfilmfinish
GlossSuperHeavyGel•Driescleartotranslucent,glossfinish
MatteSuperHeavyGel•Driestranslucenttoopaque,withamattefilmfinish
T I P S & T E C H N I Q U E S
›Itisoftenhelpfultocoattheobjectwhichisbeingcollaged,inadditiontoapplyingthemediumtothesurfaceofthecollage
›Doconsiderthesterilityofobjectswhicharebeingintroduced Wildbeachsandmaycontainchemicalimpuritiesthatcouldreactwiththechemistryofthepaint AgoodalternativewouldbeLiquitex®NaturalSandTextureGel
›Planyourcollageinadvance,asyouwouldplanapainting Whatdesignareyouintendingoncreating?Whatcolorsareinyourpalette?Organizetheobjectsaccordingly Makesketchesandlayoutyourdesign Itisalwaysagoodideatostartwithanunderpainting
›Varnishingisrecommended Thiscanbetrickywithcollageandfoundobjectart Wait3–7daysaftercompletingthework(dependinguponthethicknessofthepaintfilm) Ifthesurfaceisheavilytextured,itisrecommendedthatyouapplythevarnishwithaspraygun
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / f l o o r c l o t h s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
floorClothsFloorclothsarepaintedcanvases(unstretched)thatlieonthefloorinsteadofhangingonthewall Thisofcoursesubjectsthemtoabrasionanddirt,sotheymustbeprepareddifferently
duraBIlIty• Liquitex®ProfessionalArtistColorsarethemostdurableacrylicpaintforthisapplication
• Placementandtheamountoffoottrafficwilldeterminelongevity;walkingonthesurfacedepositsdirtandcausesdamageovertime
•Abrasivecleanerswillalsodamagethesurfaceofthepainting
materIals needed• Heavyweight#8CottonDuckorFloorClothisrecommendedfordurability
Lightweightcanvasislessdurable
• Canvasshouldbe4–6”largerineachdirectionthantheplannedfinisheddimensions
CanVas preparatIon
• WashingCanvasminimizesshrinkageandwarpingofthefinishedfloorcloth,whichcanbeexaggeratedwhentheedgesareturnedunderlater
•Usestandardwashingmachinewithasmallamountofdetergent
•Air-dryandironoutwrinkles
• BrushononecoatofLiquitex®MatteMediumtobacksideofcanvas LetDry Flipcanvasoverandrepeat
prImInG CanVasItiseasiertoprimeandpaintcanvaswhileitisattachedtoarigidsurface Eitherstaplecanvasdirectlyontostudiopaintingwalloronto1–2”thickplywoodthatislargerthancanvas
directions• Markdesireddimensionsonfrontofcanvas Thereshouldbea2–3”borderon
eachside
• Maskoffborderswithmaskingtape (Thiswillmakeiteasiertoturnthemunderlater )
•Apply2coatsofLiquitex®Gesso(Clear,TitaniumWhiteorColored)
•Allowgessotodrybetweencoats—sandeachcoatifdesired
•Foraddedflexibility,add25%MatteMediumtoGesso
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / f l o o r c l o t h s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
paIntInG• UseLiquitex®ProfessionalSoftBodyArtistColorsorHeavyBodyArtistColors
• SoftBodycolorswilldrytoasmoothersurfaceandbelesssubjectabrasionandretentionofdirt
• AddanyLiquitex®MediumorAdditivetoadjustworkabilityorcreatespecialeffects
some possible choices include:
•Liquitex®PouringMediumcanbeusedformarbleizingtechniquesandtocreateseamlesssurface
•Liquitex®StringGelhasahoneylikeconsistencyandusedtocreatelongflowingmarks
•Liquitex®GlazingMediumoffersunparalleledclarityanddepthtothelayeringoftransparentcolor
•Liquitex®IridescentMediumimpartsashimmeringmetallicqualitywhenmixedwithcolors
fInal proteCtIVe VarnIshInG • Firstapplyanisolationvarnish,likeLiquitex®GlossMediumandVarnishwhich
isnon-removable ThiswillprotecttheimageandisolateitfromthefinallayerofSoluvar,whichcanberemovedforcleaning
• Allowfloorclothbefullydryfor48hours,thenapplySoluvar®Varnish
• Thiswillextendthelifeofthefloorclothbyprotectingitfrom,pollutionanddirt Thisvarnishisremovable
• Whenthesurfacegetsdirtyorscuffed,itcanberestoredbyremovingandrecoatingwithSoluvar®Varnish
edGInG the sIdes • AfterSoluvar®hascompletelydried(1–2weeks),removethefloorcloth
fromthewallorplywood
•Turncanvasoverandgessotheentireback Letdry
•Removemaskingtapefromborder
•Trimunpaintedcanvasedges(“hem”)toapproximately1”
• Cutawayeachcornerbymeasuring11/8”inbothdirectionsandcuttheun-paintedcanvasedgestotheexactcornerpointofthepaintedcanvas
• Foldoverthefourunpaintededges(2vertical,2horizontal) Createacreasebypressingwherethepaintedcanvasendsandtheunpaintedcanvasbegins
• ApplyMatteGelMediumtothebackofeachedgeandpressfirmly Putunderevenweightandletdry24–48hours Donotliftweightoffuntilcompletelydry
•ApplyMatteMediumtotheoutersurfaceoftheedgestoseal
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / f l o o r c l o t h s – g l A z i n g
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
shIppInG•Useasturdytube8–12”indiameter
•Laypaintingfacedownandroll
•Avoidrollingpaintingiftemperatureisbelow50°
CleanInG
•Warmsoapandwateronsurfacewithasoftmop
•Donotuseammoniaorammoniabasedproducts
GlaZInGImagineholdinguparedlens Nowholdabluelensinfrontofit,andlookatthepurplecolorthatresultsfromthefirsttwo You’vejustmadeuseofthebasicpaintingconceptofglazing,ormixingcolorbyusingtransparentlayers Glazingproducesrichsurfaceswithgreatcolordepthandjewel-likefinishes
GlazingwasthesignaturemethodusedbyartistslikeLeonardodaVinci,Rembrandt,andVermeer Theyglazedbecausethepigmentsintheirpalettewouldturnblackiftheymixedthemtogetherdirectly Iftheywantedapurple,theyhadtolaydownalayeroftransparentred,letitdry,thenputdownalayeroftransparentbluetovisuallyblendthecolors,ratherthanphysicallymixingthemonthepalette Thelightpassingthroughthetransparentlayersgivesthepaintingaspecialglow,whichcanshiftandshimmer,dependinguponthelight Inthisway,averyrealdepthofthepaintingcanbeachieved
t I p s & t e C h n I q u e s
1 Liquitex®SoftBodyAcrylicColorsareidealforglazing
2 Choosetransparentcolors Transparentpigmentswilldeliverthebestresultsproducingclear,cleanglazes Mostmodernpigmentshaveverypowerfultintingstrength,soitonlytakesalittletotonethemedium
3 Usethefollowingratiofortheidealdegreeofflowandbrushability:
›TransparentColor,SoftBody(1part)
›GlazingMedium(10parts)
›Note:Formore“opentime”addasmallamountofLiquitex®FluidretardertothemixturetoslowdryingorlightlymisttheworkingsurfacewithLiquitex®PaletteWettingSpray
teChnIques• Mixtheglazewithyourpalettekniferatherthanyourbrush Iftheglazeisstilltoo
thick,addsomeAirbrushMediumandstirthemixcompletely
• Chooseanareayouarecomfortableyoucancoverinabout15–20minutestime Dosomepracticestripstogetafeelforthemedia
• Brushyourglazecolorusingasoftbristlebrush Brushinginasingle,uniformdirectionwillcreateasmootherglaze Letthislayerdryforapproximately30–40minutes
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / g l A z i n g – g l o s s i e s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
GlaZInG (cont )
teChnIques
• Youcannowaddasecondglazebyrepeatingtheprocess,withadifferentcolor You’llfindthat,bybuildinglayersofcolor,glazinghelpsyoubringadeep,burnishedglowtoyourimages
• Inordertocreatethickreliefglazesusingpaintsandgelmediums,itisadvisabletoapplyseveralsuccessivelayers Toachievethehighestdegreeoftranslucency,alloweachlayertofullydrybeforeapplyingthenext Overtimethecolorswillbecomebrighteranddeeperasthegelclarifies
• Themoreglazelayers,themorevisualdepththeimagewillhave
• GlossMedium&VarnishandSlow-Dri®BlendingMediumcanalsobeusedforglazing
GlossIestm on Glass, tIle & CeramIC surfaCesLiquitex®Glossies™arewaterbasedacrylicenamelsformulatedtoadheretoslick,non-porousmaterialssuchasglass,tile,glazedceramics,stoneware,china,enamelware,primedmetal,woodandothernon-oilysurfaces
surfaCe preparatIon
• Surfacesmustbeclean(freeofalldirt,oilsorsoapfilms)anddrypriortopaintapplication
•Aftercleaning,avoidtouchingsurfaceasoilfromfingersreducestheadhesion
•Cleanwithalcohol(rubbingordenatured)or50/50mixtureofwaterandvinegar
applICatIon
• StirLiquitex®GlossiesTMfor30-60secondsbeforeusing Liquitex®MetallicGlossiesTMwillrequirethoroughmixing,aswell
• Pigmentsandmicaflakestendtosettletobottomofjar Donotshake
•Letpaintdryatroomtemperaturefor24hours,thenheatset
• Chalkorgraphitepencilsmaybeusedforunderdrawing Donotusewaxypencilsormarkingpens
• Keeppaintedsurfacehorizontaluntildry Paintmay“slide”ifnotthoroughlyair-driedpriortoheatsetting
•Cleanupwithsoapandwater
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / g l o s s i e s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
paIntInG teChnIques
•PaintThinning
› Upto25%distilledwatermaybeaddedtoachievevaryingconsistenciesanddegreesofopacity
› Over-thinningwilladverselyaffectadhesion
•PaintMixing
› AllLiquitex®Glossies™andLiquitex®MetallicGlossiesTMareintermixable
› DonotmixwithotherLiquitex®AcrylicPaints
› IridescenteffectsofLiquitex®MetallicGlossiesTMwillbemoredramaticondarksurfaces
•PaintThickness
› Multiplethinlayersarebetterthanonethicklayer Singleheavylayersmaybubblewhenbaked
› Thickerapplicationincreasesthepossibilityofincompletedryingandpooradhesion
› Alloweachlayerofpainttoair-dry(1hourminimum,24hoursbest)beforeapplyingnextlayer
› Hairdryerwillspeeddryingandreducethepossibilityofliftingbottomlayer,duringtoplayerapplication
› Liquitex®GlossiesTMcanberepaintedafterheatsettingwithoutaffectingcolororadhesion
•Brushes
› Acrylicorwatercolorbrushesarebest Don’tuseSable Don’tletpaintdryonbrushes
› Softbrushesarebestforsmoothapplication Usestifferbrushesforstippling
•GlazingandStainedGlassEffects
› Useupto25%withdistilledwatertocreateglazes Donotover-thin
› Allowpainttofullydrybeforeapplyingthenextlayer
› ForthinpaintlinesapplyLiquitex®GlossiesTMthroughaplasticsyringe
•Stenciling&Masking
› Usemaskingtapetoblockofareaswherepaintshouldnotgo
› Usepreparedstencilsorcreatefromacetate
› Usespongeorstencilbrushtoapplypaint
•SpongingandDabbing
› Naturalspongesworkbestandcanbeusedforavarietyofdecorativetechniquesandtocreatetexture
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / g l o s s i e s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
GlossIestm on Glass, tIle & CeramIC surfaCes (Cont )
heat settInG
•Oven
› Bakeforadurable,scratchresistant,glossfinish
› Suitablesurfacesincludeanynon-poroussurfacethatisovensafe,(ieglass,tiles,glazedceramic,etc)
directions•Bakeonlyinawell-ventilatedspace Donotinhalefumes
•Placeair-driedGlossiesTMincoldoven,settemperatureat325°F(163°C)
•Turnonovenfor45minutes Turnoffoven,openovendoorandletcooltotouch
•Bakingatalowertemperatureorforlesstimemayadverselyaffectscratchresistance
•Testsurfacebybaking,priortopaintapplicationtoinsureitcanwithstandoventemperature
•Measureoventemperatureaccuracypriortobaking
•Donotheatsetintoasterovenormicrowaveoven
•Thickpaintofmaynotsetfully Longerdryingandbakingtimesmayimprovefinaladhesion
•Testbakedsurfacebyallowingtocoolandlightlyscratchingsurfacewithfingernail Paintshouldadhere
•HeatGun
› Useheatgunfordurable,scratchresistant,glossfinish
› Suitablesurfacesincludeanyapplicablesurfacethatistoolargeforovenheatsetting
directions•Blowwithheatgundirectlyonsurfaceforabout30minutes Lesstimemay
notfullysetthepaint
•Makesurespaceiswell-ventilated Donotinhalefumes
•AirDrying
› Fordurable,highglossfinish
› Recommendedforporoussurfacesthatdonotrequirescratchresistance
directions•Allowpaintedsurfacetofullyairdry Donotheatset
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / g l o s s i e s – m u r A l p A i n t i n g
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
use and Care
•HandwashBakedGlossiesTMinwarmwaterwithmilddishwashingsoap
• BakedGlossiesTMwillsoftenwhenexposedtoheat,andreturntoproperhardnessuponcooling
•Allowsurfacetocoolpriortorubbing,cleaningorwettingsurface
•Donotplaceextremelyhotitemsonpaintedsurface
• Notrecommendedforshowerinstallation(regularexposuretohotwaterwilladverselyaffectadhesion)
• Notrecommendedfor“heavyuse”applications,suchaskitchencountertops,floors,etc
•DonotcleanGlossiesTMwithscouringcleaners
• Anon-abrasiveacrylictilegroutisrecommendedforusewithGlossiesTMpaintedtiles
•Donotuseonflexiblesurfaces
•Donotuseinfoodcontactsurfaceapplications
• Maybeusedonoutsideofmugs,bowls,etc Donotpaintwithinthetop20mmofdrinkingvessel
•Maybepaintedonundersideofclearglassdishes
mural paIntInGMuralsincludeavarietyoftechniquesincludingfresco,encaustic,mosaic,stainedglassandphotography Mostcontemporaryartistswilleitherpaintoncanvasandattachittoawallorpaintdirectlyonthewallitself ThewordmuralisactuallyderivedfromtheFrenchword“mur”meaningwall Acrylicpaintshaveproventhemselvestobeoneofthemostdurablepaintsavailableforexterioraswellasinteriormuralpainting
•liquitex® soft Body professional artist Color
› Hasaconsistencysimilartoheavycream Canbesprayapplied
› Driestoasmooth,evensurfacewithgoodlevelingthatshowslittlebrushmarks
› PigmentloadisequaltoLiquitex®HeavyBodyColorsandoffersfargreatercoverage
› Flatpaintfilmrequireslesscleaningovertime
•liquitex® heavy Body professional artist Color
› Theseheavy-bodiedpaintshaveasmooththickbutteryconsistencysimilartooilpaint
› Usetocreatesurfacetexturesandshowbrushwork
•liquitex® super heavy Body professional artist Colors
› Useforathickermoreviscousimpastosurfacewhileretainingbrilliantcolor
› Addssculpturaldimensiontomural
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / m u r A l p A i n t i n g
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
CoVeraGe
• Liquitex®SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColorwillcoverapproximately400sq ft/gallon
• Liquitex®HeavyBodyProfessionalArtistColorwillcoverapproximately130sq ft/gallon Roughsurfaceswillreducecoverage;Sprayapplicationwillincreaseit
• DoublepaintcoverageofeitherSoftorHeavyBodyAcrylic,byusingLiquitex®UltraMatteMediumorUltraMatteGelina1:1ratiowithpaint Bestforunderpainting
• ToplayersofthemuralshouldbepaintedusingLightfastnessIratedcolorswithnoextendermediumsaddedforbestpermanence
mural surfaCes
•FalseandSeparateWalls
› FalseandSeparateWallsprovidethebestsupportbyeliminatingdangersofexpansionandcontractionofplasterandmasonry
› Theyprotectagainstcracking,peelingandwaterdamage
› Theyallowsforeasyremovalofthemuralifnecessary
› Muralcanbeacanvasthathasbeenstretchedoradheredtoapanelandtheninstalled(Thiswaymuralispaintedinstudio,ratherthanonlocation )
•ExistingWalls
› Propersurfacepreparationisessentialforlongevityofthemural
› Previouslypaintedsurfaceswillnotbeaspermanentasunpaintedorastrippedsurfaces
› Surfacesmustbefreeofanypaintorsubstancesthatmaypeel Useofpropersolventsorsandblastingisrecommendedifnecessary
surfaCe preparatIon
•Thelongevityofamuralisdirectlyrelatedtothesurfacepreparation
seleCtInG a surfaCe
• Moisturewillreduceadhesion (Itmaytake2–3monthsafterdryingfornewconcretetoberidofallwater )
• Besurenomoisturewillbeabsorbedfrombehindthemural(fromoutsideleaks,orpipes),whichcancausepainttopeelfromthesurface
CleanInG the surfaCe
• Cleansurfacewithadegreasertoremovegreasewaxandoil;useTSP(TrisodiumPhosphate)oracitrusbased(moreenvironmentallyfriendly)productmixedwithwarmwater
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / m u r A l p A i n t i n g
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
CleanInG the surfaCe (cont )
•Surfacemustbestructurallysoundandfreeoflooseparticles
• Ifthewallhasbeenpaintedwithoilpaintorispeeling,stripallexistingpaint
• Ifthesurfacehasbeenpaintedwithacrylicpaint,sandtheentiresurface
• Removemoldormildewwithstiffbrushandamixtureof1partbleachto3partswater(oracommerciallyavailableproduct) Rinsetwicewithwarmwaterandallowtofullydry
fIxInG CraCks and uneVen surfaCes
• Smoothsurfaces:BrushononecoatorspraytwocoatsofLiquitex®MatteMedium
•Roughsurfaces:TrowelononetotwocoatsofLiquitex®MatteGel
•Allowtofullydry
prImInG the surfaCe
• ApplyanyLiquitex®AcrylicGessoproduct(TitaniumWhite,Clear,Colored,orSuperHeavyGesso)
•Thingessowithupto50%MatteMediumifdesired Brushorsprayapply
• Forsprayapplication,thingessowithamixtureof50%MatteMediumand50%distilledwater Donotover-thinwithwater;thiswillcausepooradhesion
•Wetsandingwillproduceasmoothgroundbutwillmakeflexiblesurfacesbrittle
•SuperHeavyGessocanbeusedtocreateamoretexturedsurface
VarIous mural surfaCe preparatIons
•NewWood
› SandandSealwith1coatofMatteMedium
› Apply1–2coatsofanyLiquitex®Gesso
•PaintedWood
› RemoveloosematerialbySandingorStriping
› Sealwith1coatofMatteMedium
› Apply1–2coatsofanyLiquitex®Gesso
•NewMasonry
› Mustbedryandcured
› ApplyMatteMediumforsmoothsurfaces,MatteGelforroughsurfaces
› Apply1–2coatsofanyLiquitex®Gesso
•PaintedMasonry
› Removeloosematerial—Clean,SandorStrip
› Mustbedryandcured
› ApplyMatteMediumforsmoothsurfaces,MatteGelforroughsurfaces
› Apply1–2coatsofanyLiquitex®Gesso
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / m u r A l p A i n t i n g
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
VarIous mural surfaCe preparatIons (cont )
•NewSheetrock
› ApplyanacrylicemulsioncompatibleindustrialsealersuchasAqualockTM
•Unprimed&PaintedMetal
› Removegrease,dirtandsolvents
› Sandsurface
› Washwithaprepsolutionforthepaintedmetalbeingused
› ApplyanacrylicemulsioncompatibleprimersuchasAqualockTM
› ApplyMatteMediumforsmoothsurfacesandMatteGelforroughsurfaces
› Apply1-2coatsofanyLiquitex®Gesso
ChoosInG Colors
• Outsidemuralsaresubjecttotheharshestenvironmentalconditions;OnlyLightfastnesspigmentsarerecommendedforoutdoormuralpainting
paInt applICatIon
• Drawingscanbeprojectedwithadigital,slide,overhead,oropaqueprojectorandtracedontothemuralsurface Theyalsocanbescaledandtransferredusingagridsystemortransferredtothesurfaceusingcartoons
• Drawingsshouldbe“fixed”withaspraycoatingof50%MatteMediumanddistilledwater
thInnInG Colors durInG paIntInG
•UseLiquitex®mediumstoadjustpaintconsistency,textureandsheen
• Donotuseonlywaterforthinning Outsidemuralsexposedtoweatherneedmaximumfilmintegrity Toomuchwaterwillweakenthepaintfilm
temperature, moIsture and humIdIty durInG exterIor paIntInG • Idealtemperature:65°–75°F;Lowesttemperature:50°F
• DonotVarnishduringrain;itmaytrapmoisture,hinderadhesionandcauseclouding
adhesIon test
• Toensureproperadhesion,atestshouldbedoneonasurfacesimilartotheactualmuralsurfacebeforepainting
directions•Applythepaintormediumtopreparedsurfaceandletdrythoroughly Wait
72hoursforacrylicpainttocurebeforecontinuing(longerinmorehumidconditions)
�1�0
c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / m u r A l p A i n t i n g
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
adhesIon test (cont )
directions•Whencompletelydry,scoresurfaceinacrosshatchpatternusingasharpknife
•Applymaskingtapefirmlytoscratchedsurfaceandfirmlyburnish
•Removemaskingtapeslowly Ifanypaintcomesoffwiththetape,goodsurfaceadhesionhasnotbeenachieved Eitheradifferentsurfacepreparationisnecessaryortheparticularsupportisnotsuitableforthepaintormediumtested
fInal proteCtIVe VarnIshes
• Afterthemuraliscomplete,afinalprotectivevarnishshouldbeappliedtoprotectitfromweathering,pollutionanddirt Thevarnishshouldberemovable,suchasLiquitex®Soluvar®,toallowcleaning
mural varnishing occurs in two steps: 1 Isolationvarnishlayer2 Removablevarnishlayer
soluVar® Gloss and matte VarnIsh applICatIon• Apply1–2layersofGlossVarnishorGlossMedium&Varnishasanisolation
barrier
• ThisbarrierphysicallyseparatesthepaintingfromtheSoluvar®Varnishandsealsthesurface
• ThisallowsamoreevenapplicationofSoluvar®VarnishandprotectsthepaintingsurfacewhentheSoluvar®Varnishneedstoberemoved
• Toinsureproperadhesion,cleansurfacewithalintfreeragdampenedwithmineralspirits
•Apply1–2layersofSoluvar®Varnish Letdry24hoursbetweencoats
• IntermixGlossandMatteSoluvar®Varnishforavarietyofsheens
• Soluvar®MatteVarnishcontainsmattingagentsthatsettleduringstorage Beforeusinggentlystirwithawoodendowelorbrushhandleuntilcompletelyre-dissolved Donotshake
remoVInG soluVar® VarnIsh• Ifthemuralbecomesdirtyorabused,removingthevarnishcanrestoreit Cleaning
willnotaffecttheunderlyingpaintingifthevarnishwasproperlyapplied
•Removevarnishinclean,well-ventilatedarea
• Wearaduelfilterrespirator(NIOSHapproved)andneoprenegloves Dampenasmallpieceoflintfree,soft,whiteclothwithmineralspirits(not“odorless”)orturpentine—nothingstronger Donotuseketones(i e acetoneorsimilarsolvents)orpaintremovers
• Workhorizontally Applymineralspiritsgenerouslyandallowittolayonsurfacefor15–30minutes Checkperiodically Coversurfacewithplastictoslowdownevaporationofmineralspirits
�1�0
c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / m u r A l – p A i n t i n g o n f A b r i c
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
remoVInG soluVar® VarnIsh (cont )• Longertimesmaybenecessary,dependinguponageofartworkandstrengthof
mineralspirits Ifvarnishisnotdissolvingordissolvingslowly,useahigherstrengthmineralspiritsorturpentine
•Strongermineralspiritsarenotlabeledassuch,buthaveastrongerodor
•Rubclothgentlyovera1squarefootareauntilvarnishstartstodissolve
• Usingacleanclothandcleansolvent,rubtheareaagaintoremoveresidue Repeatthisprocedurefortheentireareatobecleaned Ifanypaintcolorshowsonthecloth,stopimmediatelyandallowthesurfacetodry
•AllowpaintingtodrybeforereapplyingafreshcoatofSoluvar®Varnish
paIntInG on faBrIC and leatherLiquitex®ProfessionalArtistAcrylicColorsarethemostpermanentpaintsforfabricandareavailableinthreedistinctbodies Theyofferexceptionalquality,durability,adhesionandthelargestassortmentofpurepigmentsofanyprofessionalqualityacrylicpaint
•Heatsetting,steamingorchemicalfixingisnotrequired
•Avarietyofapplicationsarepossible
• Liquitex®AcrylicColorscanbeusedoncotton,cotton-polyblends,woven,knitted,felt,terrycloth,silk,velvet,velveteen,corduroy,flannel,suede,leatherandmostsynthetics
•liquitex® soft Body professional artist Color
› Idealformostfabricpaintingtechniques,especiallylightweightortexturedfabrics
› Driessmoothandevenwithgoodlevelingwithfewbrushmarks
› Useforflatlargeareacoverage,finelinedetail,airbrush,stencil,watercolor,staining,dying,silkscreen,calligraphyandmarbling
› Easymixingwithwaterandmediums
•liquitex® heavy Body professional artist Color
•Exceptionallysmooth,thickbutteryconsistency
•Retainsbrushstrokesandknifemarks Excellentforimpasto
• Flexiblewhendry,allowingbuilt-upsurfacestoremainfreeofcracksandchips
•liquitex® super heavy Body professional artist Color
› Superiorshaperetentionandunique“gutsy”handling
› Excellentfor‘textural’and‘sculptural’applicationswithverylowshrinkagefromwet-to-dry
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / p A i n t i n g o n f A b r i c & l e A t h e r
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
General InstruCtIons •Pre-washnewfabrictoremovesizing,whichinterfereswithadhesion Letdry
• AdjustpainttodesiredconsistencyusingLiquitex®Mediums
• note: ForExcellentresultsuseLiquitex®FabricMedium,adddistilledwaterifnecessary—donotover-thin
• Testtechniqueonaseparatepiece Eachfabrichasadifferentabsorbencyandwillaffectpainthandling
• Placeprotectivelayeronworksurfacetopreventsticking Stretchsweatshirtswithcardboardforbestpaintapplication )
•Applyingthickpainttolargeareaswilltendtostiffenfabric
• Irononlowsyntheticheatsetting Useapressingclothorirononreversesideoffabric
• note: Loosefabricweaveallowsmoreofthecolortopenetratethefibers
dryInG tIme• Variesdependingonsurface,applicationandhumidity Paintwilldrytotouchin5
minutesto2hours,
WashInG faBrIC•Afterpaintfullydries,waitatleast4daysbeforewashing
• Handwashandhangdryisbest Donotpresoakorusehotwater Washitemsinsideout
•Machinewashfabricinwarmwater Usepermanentpress/gentlecycle
• Drycleaningmachinesthatspin-dryfabricatroomtemperaturearerecom-mended Drycleaningsuedeisacceptable Spotcleaningsolutionsshouldbeavoidedorusedsparingly
faBrIC paIntInG teChnIquesairbrush and spray application
› Liquitex®SoftBodyandLiquitex®AirbrushMediumarerecommendedforthistechnique
-Mix1partSoftBodyColorswith1partAirbrushMedium
-AddmoreAirbrushMediumasneededtoachievedesiredconsistency
› Colorsmustpermeateclothandbeseenasghostimageonreversesidetobepermanent
Block printing
› Liquitex®HeavyBodyColorsandLiquitex®Slow-Dri®GelRetarderarerecommendedforthistechnique
› Coatalinoleumorwoodblockwithwaterproofvarnish
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / p A i n t i n g o n f A b r i c & l e A t h e r
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
faBrIC paIntInG teChnIques (cont )
Block printing
› Whilevarnishiswet,siftfinelyshreddedfabric(flocking)ontothevarnish Whendrythisabsorbentsurfacewillholdpaintforapplication
› MixLiquitex®HeavyBodyArtistColorwithupto25%Slow-Dri®GelRetarderandspreadontotheblockwithasoftfoamroller
› Wetthefabricandplacetheblockfacedownontotheclothpressingfirmlyandevenly
› Stretchthefabriconapaddedsurfacetohelpfacilitateprinting
› Useabsorbent,medium-to-heavyweightfabricswithoutdeeptextureforbestresults
Brushwork
recommended products:•Liquitex®SoftBodyColorsand/orLiquitex®HeavyBodyColors
•Liquitex®Slow-Dri®FluidRetarder,Liquitex®GelRetarder,andLiquitex®FabricMedium
› MixLiquitex®SoftBodycolorswithFabricMediumforasofterfeeltofinishedpainting
drawing
recommended products:•Liquitex®HeavyBodyorSuperHeavyBodyArtistColors
•Liquitex®GlossGel,Liquitex®GlossHeavyGelorLiquitex®MatteGelMedium
› ScrewaplasticcakedecoratortipontoatubeofHeavyBodyArtistColorandsqueezeapply
› SuperHeavyBodyColorscanbeappliedwithcakedecoratorthroughavarietyofdifferenttips
› MixpaintwithLiquitex®GelMediumstoadjustconsistency;applywithcakedecoratortoproducethicklines
› Useabsorbentfabric HandwashandHangDry
dyeing and staining
recommended products:•Liquitex®SoftBodyProfessionalArtistColor
•Liquitex®Flow-AidTM
› Washfabrictoremoveanystarchorsizing
› MixFlow-Aid™water(1partFlow-Aid™to20partsdistilledwater)withSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColor
› Mix1partcolorand3partsFlow-Aid™watertoincreasetransparencyanddecreasecolorintensity
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / p A i n t i n g o n f A b r i c & l e A t h e r
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
dyeing and staining (cont )
recommended products:
› Transparentandtranslucentcolorsworkbestanddrywithasofterfinish
› Forsoftedges,pre-wetfabricwithFlow-Aid™water;forhardedgesleavedry
› Tightlywovencottonandsilkwillachieverichestcolors
› Ahotwaxresistmaybeusedforhardedges Removewaxresistbydrycleaning
› Allcolorsarepermanent;noheatsettingrequired
› Wetcolorswilldrylighter
› TitaniumWhiteandallIridescentandInterferencecolorsmaystiffenfabric
silk-screen
recommended products:•Liquitex®SoftorHeavyBodyColors
•Liquitex®Slow-Dri®FluidRetarder,
•Liquitex®GlossMedium&Varnish
› Mixupto25%Liquitex®Slow-Dri®FluidRetarderintopainttoslowdrying
› ForheavyweightfabricuseLiquitex®SoftBodycolors;lightweightfabricuseLiquitex®HeavyBodycolors
› Squeegeepaintthroughscreen Washscreenwithwaterimmediatelyafteruse
› GlossMedium&Varnishcanbeusedasapermanentscreenblocksolution Applydirectlytoscreen
•Stamping
› PaintstampwitheitherLiquitex®SoftorHeavyBodyColors
› Presspaintedsideontosurfaceusingevenpressure;allowingabsorptionintofabric
•Stenciling
› Useeitherreadymadestencilsorcutfromheavypaper,oaktag,acetateorfrisketfilms Usespraystenciladhesivesifnecessary
› Applypaintwithpolyurethanefoamdauber,ragorstencilbrush
› Thinningpaintmaycauseittobleed
› Donotforcepaintundertheedgeofstencil
•Watercolor
› UseSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColor,thinnedwithdistilledwatertodesiredconsistency
› Multipleapplicationscanbepaintedoveroncedrywithoutpickingupunderlyingcolors
› Lightweightfabricsallowpainttospreadquickly
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / p A i n t i n g o n f A b r i c & l e A t h e r
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
leather • Long-termpaintadhesioncanbeaproblemduetovariationsinsurface,
thickness,fiberstructure,oilcontent,dyetypeandtendencytostretch Alwaysdoatestsample
preparation•Formaximumadhesionandlongevity,thepaintshouldpenetrateintothe
leather
•Deeperpenetrationwillachievegreateradhesion
•Removeanysurfacecoating,shine,orsmoothnessbysandingwithfinesandpaperoremerycloth
•Removesurfaceoilsbywipingwithalcohol(denaturedorrubbing)oracetoneonlyinareastobepainted
painting techniques•Beforeapplyingpaint,flattenandadhereleathertoastablesurface
•ForlightorbrightcolorsondarkleatherfirstapplyLiquitex®SoftBodyTitaniumWhitethinnedwith25%distilledwatertothepaintingarea
•FollowanyofthealreadydiscussedFabricPaintingTechniques
Cleaning •Wipewithdampclothormildsoapandwater
Care•Paintmaycrackifleatherisstretchedbeyondthebindingcapability
•Avoidwearingpaintedleatherbelow45°F (Acrylicpaintcancrackifbentbelowthistemperature )
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / p o u r i n g
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
pourInG Liquitex®PouringMediumcanbeusedincombinationwithLiquitex®SoftBodyAcrylicColorstocreateseamlesssurfacesandpuddlesofcolor Liquitex®PouringMediumisformulatedtocreateasmooth,seamless,andstrongbodyofpaintwhenpouredordrippedontoasurface SuspendLiquitex®AcrylicColorsinLiquitex®PouringMediumforsculpturaleffectsandsurfacetreatments
usInG pourInG medIum
1 MixonetablespoonormoreofLiquitex®SoftBodyAcrylicColorwithonecupofLiquitex®PouringMediuminalargebucketorbowl Ithelpstomixcustomcolorsbeforeaddingtothemedium,toensureauniformityofcolorinthepour
2 Mixthecolorandthepouringmediumbyhandwithapaletteknife Inordertopreventbubbles,blendgentlyandallowthemixturetositfor10minutesfollowingagitation
3 Usingafunnel,takethemixtureandpouritintoasqueezebottleorapplicatorofchoice Additionalapplicatorssuchaspitchersortubescanbeusedforavarietyofeffects Thepaintisnowreadytobepoured
4 Mixturecanbepoureddirectlyoncanvasorboardsupports,glass,orevenpaper Agoodplacetoworkwithpouredmediaisonalevelworktable Ifthesurfaceisnotlevel,youmayproduceunevenresultswithverythinpiecesthatmaytear
5 Pourevenlyoverthesurfaceandallowatleastonedayofdrytime Ifthepaintfilmisthickerallowuptotwodaysofdrytime
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / p o u r i n g
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
pourInG (Cont ) materIals needed
•Liquitex®PouringMedium
•Liquitex®SoftBodyAcrylicColor
•MeasuringCupandSpoon
•LargeMixingContainer
•PaletteKnife
•SqueezeBottles
•StretchedCanvas,Board,Paper,orGlass
T I P S & T E C H N I Q U E S
›Paintwetinwet!Multicoloredcompositionscanbecreatedinonesittingifseveralcolorsarepreparedatatime Applythenextcolordirectlyafterthefirstpourforspotsorcrispconcentriccircles (Note:Gravitycanbeusedtomanipulatecolorswhenwetbyliftingthepouredsurfaceandgentlytiltingtoallowthepoolsofcolortobleedintoeachother )
›Marbledsurfacescanbecreatedusingmultiplecolorsappliedsidebysideandthenblendedusingapaletteknifeorbydraggingaforkorpointedtoolthroughthesurface
›Turnthesupportonitssidetocreatethindrips Allowthepainttorundownthesupportsurfaceatavarietyofspeeds
›Poursandpoolscanbelayered Applyanothercoatafterthefirsthasdriedforlayersofcolor
›Forsculpturalapplications,directlypourmediumandpaintmixtureontoaglasssurfacetocreateamoveable,flexiblepaintslick Tomakeremovablepours,treattheglasssurfacewithamoldreleaseorquickreleasesprayforeasyremovalofthepaintafteritdries Whendrythepouredpaintcanbesewn,glued,orrolledfordifferentsculpturaleffects
›Inordertoensurethecontinuedstrengthofthepaintfilm,donotmixwaterwiththeLiquitex®PouringMedium
›Dustcangetcaughtinthepaintfilmifleftopentotheair Coverthepaintedcanvas,glass,orboardwithalargercardboardboxtoensureacleanpour
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / s i l k - s c r e e n
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
sIlk-sCreenLiquitex®ProfessionalArtistAcrylicColorsofferartistsanon-toxicapproachforsilk-screentechniques
•liquitex® soft Body artist Colors
› Consistencyofextraheavycream
› Easiertosilk-screenthroughtightmeshscreens
› Driesquicklyonabsorbentsurfaces,suchaspaper
› Mayspreador“bleed”intoabsorbentsurfaces,suchaspaper
•liquitex® heavy Body artist Colors
› Consistencysimilartooilpaint
› Lesslikelytospreador“bleed”whenscreenprintingontofabric
› Generallyprintsmoreopaquebecauseofthickerpaintapplication
› Mayclogintightmeshscreen
extendInG dryInG tIme • MixanyamountofLiquitex®Slow-Dri®BlendingMediumorGelMediumwith
Liquitex®SoftorHeavyBodyArtistColorstoslowdryingtime Transparencyofcolorwillincreaseproportionallywiththeamountofmediumadded
• MixLiquitex®Slow-Dri®BlendingFluidandGelMediumstoattainanintermediateconsistency
• Mixupto25%Liquitex®Slow-Dri®FluidorGelRetarderwithLiquitex®SoftorHeavyBodyArtistColorstoslowdryingtime50%andallowforbettertransferofpainttopaperduringprinting,withoutsignificantlyaffectingopacity
• MixLiquitex®Slow-Dri®FluidandGelRetardertoattainintermediateconsistency
helpful hInts durInG prIntInG•Prepareallpaintnecessaryforprintingbeforebeginning
•Workquickly Donotstopduringprinting
• Pre-wetscreenwith1partLiquitex®SlowDri®FluidRetarderand1partdistilledwater
• Topreventpaintfromdryingonscreenduringprinting,periodicallysprayscreenduringprintingwith1partLiquitex®SlowDri®FluidRetarderand1partdistilledwater Toomuchsprayingmaycausepainttospread(“bleed”)onpaper
• Forspotcleaningduringsilk-screenprinting,removepaintfromscreenwithadampclothassoonasscreenclogs
• Tocleanmajorpaintclogsonscreen,stopprintingimmediatelyandcleanscreenwithwarmwaterandnon-abrasivespongeorcloth Blotwithpapertowelandcontinueprinting
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / s i l k - s c r e e n - s u r f A c e p r e p
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
lIquItex® medIums as permanent sIlk-sCreen BloCkouts •Theyareresistanttooilbasedscreeninksandsolvents
• Fordetailblockouts:UseGlazingMedium,GlossMedium&VarnishorMatteMedium
• Forlargeareaandexpressiveblockouts:UseGlossGel,MatteGel,GlossHeavyGel,GlossSuperHeavyGel,orMatteSuperHeavyGel
surfaCe preparatIonJustaboutanythingcanbepaintedwithAcrylics,butitisimportanttounderstandafewbasicprinciplestoensuremaximumstability Thesurface(supportorsubstrate)isthebasicsubstructureofapainting,andshouldbeappropriateforthetypeofworktobeexecuted Thechoiceofsurfaceandgroundhasalargeeffectonhowthepainthandlesduringthepaintingprocessandtheoveralllongevityofaworkofart Paintwilltendtodrymoreslowlyandmovemorefreelyonasmoothersurfacewhileamoreporousandabsorbentsurfacewillhavetheoppositeaffect
the surface chosen will depend on several factors:
•Paintingstyleoftheartist
•Thedesiredvisualeffect
• Thepurposeofthework
• Requiredlongevity
•ThetypeofMediaused
Basic rules for choosing and preparing surfaces
• Avoidoily,waxyandhard,shinysurfaces (Note:Somehardshinysurfacescanbepreparedbyroughingthesurfaceuptoprovidetooth,usuallywithsandpaper )
•Neverapplyacrylicsoveroilpaint
•AlwaysdoanAdhesionTestonasamplefirstifyouareunsure
adhesIon test• Applythepaintormediumtopreparedsurfaceandletdrythoroughly Wait72
hoursforacrylicpainttocurebeforecontinuing(longerinmorehumidconditions)
•Whencompletelydry,scoresurfaceinacrosshatchpatternusingasharpknife
•Applymaskingtapefirmlytoscratchedsurfaceandfirmlyburnish
•Removemaskingtapeslowly
• Ifanypaintcomesoffwiththetape,goodsurfaceadhesionhasnotbeenachieved Eitheradifferentsurfacepreparationisnecessaryortheparticularsupportisnotsuitableforthepaintormediumtested
�1�0
c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / s u r f A c e p r e p
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
flexIBle surfaCespaper
•Mostpapersaremadeandlabeledforparticularmediaandrequirelittleornopreparation
types› BristolBoardisdesignedspecificallyforacrylicpainting
› HotPressedPaperandBoardshaveasmoothsurface
› ColdPressedPaperandBoardshaveroughtextureandarebestforwatercolorandairbrushtechnique
preparation› Paperscanbesealedpriortopaintingtopreventabsorptionintothe
paperfibers
› Heavierpaperisrecommendedformostapplicationstopreventwarping (Note:Tapeedgesofpapertobackingsurfacewhilesealinganddonotremovetapeuntilpaperhasdriedtomaintainflatness )
› Liquitex®ClearGessoandLiquitex®MatteMediumallowscolorofpapertoshowthrough
› note: ClearGessocontainsfineaggregategivingthesurface“tooth”makingitanexcellentgroundforpastels )
fabric
•Liquitex®AcrylicColorscanbeapplieddirectlyonbothnaturalandsyntheticfibers Thetightertheweaveoffabricthebrighterthecolorswillbewhendry
types› Liquitex®Acryliccolorsaresuitableforcotton,cotton/polyblends,woven
fabric,knits,felt,suede,leather,terrycloth,silk,velvet,velveteen,corduroyandflannel
preparation› Washfirsttoremovethesizingorstarch (ifapplicable)
› Alwaysdoatestpiecetoensurecompatibility
› RecommendedProducts:Liquitex®FabricMediumandLiquitex®Flow-AidTM
Canvas
•Canvascomesinmanyvarietiesincludingcotton,linen,juteandnaturalorsyntheticfibers Itisavailableraw,pre-primedandpre-stretchedonbarsorboards
raw › CottonDuck:Themostcommonandpopularstyleofcanvasused
› Linen:Superiorstrengthandlongevitythoughnotnecessarilyidealforacrylicsduetoitsoilcontent
› Jute:Notconsideredapermanentsurface(usedforit’stextureaswellaslowerprice )
› Synthetic:Mostuniformintexture,exceptionallystrongandlonglasting �1�0
c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / s u r f A c e p r e p
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
flexIBle surfaCes (cont )
Canvas
pre-primed › Commerciallypreparedwithacrylicgessooroilgroundinavarietyofstyles
› Availableinavarietyofnaturalandsyntheticmaterialsandweights,weavepatternsandtextures
› Therearesingleanddoubleprimedversions,whichcanbefurthersmoothedwithmorelayersofgessoandsanding
› Primedcanvasismoredifficulttostretchthanrawcanvasandrequirescanvasplierstostretch
preparation
acrylic medium › Liquitex®ClearGesso,MatteMediumorMatteGelcanbeusedasasealer
(size)forcanvas,paperorboard,allowingnaturalsurfacecolortobeseenaftersealing
› SubstrateInducedDiscoloration(SID)
•Whenacrylicmediumsareusedasasizeforprimedorunprimedcotton,linen,woodorhardboard,thewatercontentmaydrawimpuritiesoutofthesupportasitdries
•Ayelloworbrowndiscolorationinthemediummayoccurovertime Itwillbenoticeableonlyinareasthatareleftunpainted Itisnotaproblemifthemediumsaremixedwithpaintorpaintedover
•Itoccurswithallacrylicmediumscurrentlyusedbymajorfineartpaintmanufacturers
•WashingthecanvasbeforeusecangreatlydecreaseoreliminateSID
•Theamountofdiscolorationintheacrylicmediumwillvarydependingupon:
1 Qualityoftheacrylicmedium TheuniqueresinformulationusedinallLiquitex®PaintsandMediumsisclear,flexibleandnon-yellowing
2 Thicknessofthemediumapplication GelmediumsaremoresusceptibletoSIDthanfluidmediums Theyarethicker,containmorewaterandtakelongertodry
3 Substrateused Differentsurfacescontaindifferentcolorantsandcontaminants
acrylic Gesso › Liquitex®AcrylicGessoisthehighestqualitygessoandprovidesaflexible,
non-yellowinggroundwithexcellenttoothforproperpaintadhesion
› Sealsandprotectsthesubstrate(i e canvas)andreadilyaccepttheapplicationofpaint (Note:suitableforbothoilandacrylicpaintapplications )
› Liquitex®GessoisavailableinClear,TitaniumWhite,Black,NeutralGray,andSuperHeavyformulations
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / s u r f A c e p r e p
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
flexIBle surfaCes (cont )
application
• ApplyLiquitex®Gessotorawcanvasafterithasbeenstretchedandstapledontostretcherbars Thisensuresatightsurface (Note:don’tstretchcanvastootightasthiscancausethestretchertowarp Dryingpaintwillcauseshrinking )
•Allowtofullydryforaminimumof24hoursbeforeuse
• MultipleCoatsarerecommendedespeciallyifitistobeusedasagroundforoilpaint
• Asecondlayerwillproduceasmoothersurfaceandofferbetterprotectionandadhesion (Note:Lightlysandbetweenapplicationsforasmootherpaintingsurface;useLiquitex®SuperHeavyGessoformoretexture )
• FormosteconomicalmultiplecoatsurfaceuseLiquitex®MatteMediumasfirstcoat,followedbyonecoatofLiquitex®Gessoafteritsdry
thinning•Liquitex®Gessomaybethinnedwithupto25%distilledwaterandfunction
withoutadverselyaffectingadhesionorcausinggessoedsurfacetocrack
•Forincreasedadhesionandflexibility,itisrecommendtothingessowithequalpartsdistilledwaterandLiquitex®MatteMedium
application
• Liquitex®Gessocanbebrushed,troweled,orsprayeddirectlyontocanvas
• Forasmoothsurface(withoutbrushstrokes),applywithalargepaintingknifeorsqueegee(inhalf-circularmotions)oruseahousepaintpad (Note:Workthegessointotheweaveifusingcanvas )Letdry,lightlysandwithfine-gritsandpaper Applysecondlayer
• WhensprayingitmaybenecessarytothingessowithLiquitex®AirbrushMediumapproximately1:1,addmoreAirbrushMediumasneeded
eGGshell CanVas surfaCe
•Thispreparationwillcreateapapersmoothsurfacethatisexcellentforportraitandairbrushtechniques
•Wetsandgessosurfaceincircularmotionuntilareadriesandbecomessmoothusing400gritwet-drysandpaperandaspraymister(Note:Surfacewillbebrittleandmaycrackifsurfaceispushedorstressed )
surface tooth and absorbency
› DiluteLiquitex®GessowithLiquitex®MatteMediumtogetlessabsorbencyandtooth
› AnyLiquitex®TextureGelmaybemixedintogessoalongwithmarbledustorsandfortexturaleffects (Note:Toomanyaggregatesmaymakegessobrittle )
› Amixtureof75%Liquitex®Gessoand25%Liquitex®ModelingPastewillmakeanAbsorbentGesso,suitableforuseasagroundforpastel,charcoalandgraphitedrawings
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / s u r f A c e p r e p
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
rIGId surfaCes
•Providesmoothortexturedsurfacesfordimensionalpaintingandcollage
• Mostboardscanbeusedassupportstowhichcanvas,paperorothermaterialcanbeglued UseLiquitex®MatteGeltoadherecanvastoboard
•Surfacesshouldbetestedforproperadhesion
Canvas panel Boards
• Notrecommendedforpermanentwork,astheymaywarpandmaterialsmaynotlast
• Preparedcommerciallyandavailableinawidevarietyofsizes
• Generallymadeofcottoncanvaswrappedandgluedontoheavycardboard
Compressed hardboards• CompressedhardboardssuchasMasoniteTMarenotrecommendedasa
permanentsupport
•UntemperedMasoniteissubjecttowarpingandisnotverystable
• TemperedMasonitecontainsoilysubstancesthatmayaffectpaintadhesionovertime
› Ifpermanenceisnotrequired,untemperedMasonitemaybeusedbutshouldbesealedalloverwithabarriervarnishsuchasLiquitex®Soluvar®Varnishandthenpreparedasfollows:
-Sandthetop(shiny)surface
-CoverwithatleasttwocoatsofLiquitex®Gesso
-Sandbetweencoatsandapplythesecondcoatatrightanglestothefirst
plywood
• MDO(MediumDensityOverlay)boardsarevarietiesofplywoodthatarebondedwithpaperononesideorbothsides
• Theyofferaverysmoothsurfacequalitythatishardtoachievewithstandardplywood (Note:Theycanbeheavy )
• Goodexteriorgradeboardscanprovideanexcellentpaintingsupport Theyareavailablein1/8”thicknessofmahogany,birch,mapleandoak Theymaybeadheredtowoodenstretcherstopreventwarping
• Allformsofplywoodwillrequirebetween2–5coatsofgesso (Harderwoodsarelessporousandwillrequirelesstoseal )
foamboard
•Notrecommendedforlong-termapplications—vulnerabletowarpinganddamage
•LightlysandandusetwocoatsofLiquitex®Gesso(sandingbetweencoats)
•Letdryovernight
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / s u r f A c e p r e p
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
rIGId surfaCes (cont )
fiberglass
•Canbepaintedwithacrylicsoroilsifthesurfaceispreparedproperly
•Sandorsandblastthesurface Removeresidualdust
• Coatwithanindustrialsolventbased,primer-sealersuchasKILZ(forwater-basedmedia)
•Allowtocurefor3days—Testforproperadhesion(seeAdhesionTest)
•Lightlysand
•ApplyLiquitex®Gesso(sprayorbrush)—Letdryovernightandre-testadhesion
•PaintSurfaceandapplySoluvar®Varnishasafinishcoat
metal and Glass
•Sandwith400-gritpaperorsandblastforproperpaintfilmadhesion
•EtchAluminumwith5%lyesolutionfor4to5minutes
•Glasscanbeacid-etchedorsandblasted
•Degreasesurfaceandcoatwithindustrialprimer(forwater-basedmedia)
•Letdryfullyandtestadhesion (seeAdhesionTest)
•ApplyLiquitex®Gesso(sprayorbrush) Letdry3daysandtestforadhesion
plastic panels (plexiglastm™)
• Surfacepreparationwilldependonthetypeofplastic
• Plasticmustbechemicallyinertsothatitwillnotreactwiththepaintfilmovertime
• Aslighttoothisrequiredforpaintadhesion—ifnoneexiststhesurfacemustbesandedwithafineormediumgradesandpaper(dustmaskshouldbeworn)wherepaintistobeapplied
• Aftersanding,useLiquitex®MatteMediumorMatteGelandoneortwocoatsofLiquitex®GessoorClearGessoforanopaqueortransparentground
•Bothsidesofthesheetcanbepaintedtoyielddimensionalqualities
•ApplySoluvar®Varnishtoprotectandsealfinishedwork
acetate
• Acetateisatransparent,somewhatbrittleplasticavailableinvaryingthicknessandsurfacetextures
• Matte-surfaceacetate,texturedacetateandwet-mediaacetate(alsocalled“preparedacetate”)aresuitableforacrylicmaterials
•Smoothacetateisnotrecommendedforacrylicmaterials,asitistooslick
mylar
• Mylarisafilmthathasallthepropertiesandusesofacetatewithadditionalflexibilityandstrength
•Muchhigherinpricethanacetate
• Itdoesnotstretch,crackoryellow ����
c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / s u r f A c e p r e p
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
rIGId surfaCes (cont )
mylar
•Availablewithaphotosensitivesurfaceforthereproductionoflinedrawings
•Availableinawet-mediaformthatneedsnosurfacepreparation
masonry and Concrete
•Masonryandconcretemustbethoroughlydryandcured (maytake8–12weeks)
• Allmoisturemustbegoneandtheremustbenowaterproofing,cementpaintorsilicones(oftenusedduringconstruction)onsurfaceoracrylicpaintadhesionwillnotbepermanent
•Liquitex®Acrylicscanbeapplieddirectlytoamasonrywall
› For best results:applyLiquitex®MatteGelMediumwithatrowel (Anexcellentgroundthatwillsealthewallandreducestheamountofpaintneededtocoverthesurface )
› LetMatteGelMediumfullydry;thenapplyoneortwocoatsofgesso
› Letdryovernight
murals• Encompassesawidevarietyoftechniquesincluding:fresco,encaustic,mosaic,
stainedglassandphotography
• Mostcommontechniques;paintingoncanvasandthenattachingtoawallorpaintingdirectlyonthewall
• Surfacesmustbefreeofgrease,wax,andoil—structurallysoundandfreeoflooseparticles
plasterboard•Useonlyifnotpreviouslypaintedwithoiloralkydpaint
• SealfirstwithabarriervarnishlikeSoluvar®oranindustrialproduct(likeAqualockTMforusewithwaterbasepaints) Letdrycompletely
•Applytwocoatsofgessowithabrush,sprayorpaintpad
unusual surfaces• Testforcompatibilitywiththeacrylicpaint (SeeAdhesionTest )
• Certainsurfacesmayhaveadversereactionswithpaints,eitherimmediatelyorovertime
adhesIon test
• Applythepaintormediumtopreparedsurfaceandletdrythoroughly Wait72hoursforacrylicpainttocurebeforecontinuing(longerinmorehumidconditions)
•Whencompletelydry,scoresurfaceinacrosshatchpatternusingasharpknife
•Applymaskingtapefirmlytoscratchedsurfaceandfirmlyburnish
•Removemaskingtapeslowly
• Ifanypaintcomesoffwiththetape,goodsurfaceadhesionhasnotbeenachieved Eitheradifferentsurfacepreparationisnecessaryortheparticularsupportisnotsuitableforthepaintormediumtested
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / t r A n s f e r s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
transfersAcrylictransfersallowartiststotransferimagesgeneratedfrommagazines,newspapers,photographsandlaserprintersontoanysurfacethatwillacceptacrylicpaint ItcanbedonewithawidevarietyofLiquitex®Mediumsdependinguponyourdesiredeffect Thistechniquetransfersblack&whiteandcoloredimages Themediumisbrushed,pouredortroweledovertheimagetobetransferred Afterthemediumhasdried,itissoakedinwaterandthepaperisremovedfromthebackoftheimage Youareleftwithatransparenttotranslucentimagethatisimbeddedwithinacrylicmedium
seleCtInG ImaGe
1 Selectimageofyourchoice:newspaper,magazine,photographorcomputerlaser(notinkjet)print Someimagessuchasnewspaper,laserprint,uncoatedmagazinewilltransferdirectlywithouttheneedofaphotocopy Someimagessuchasphotographsandcoatedmagazineimageswillnottransfer
2 Obtainaphotocopyofyourselectedimageeitherinblack&whiteorcolor Sinceitcanbeunclearbeforehandwhichimagewillandwillnottransfer,aXeroxoftheoriginalimageisrecommended
preparInG ImaGe for transfer
1 Placephotocopy,imagesidedownontoscrappaperandspraybackofimagewithalightcoatofasprayadhesive Useproperventilationandfacemask
2 Positionphotocopy,imagesideupontoglasspaletteandpressflat Imagemaybetapedtoglasspaletteinsteadofusingsprayadhesive,howeveratapedimagewillnotlayflatoncecoatingisbegun
CoatInG ImaGe
Brushing method: 1 Usinga1/2”–2”wide,softbrush,coatimagewithLiquitex®GlossMedium&
Varnish Forminimalbrushmarks,useLiquitex®GlossVarnishorthinGlossMedium&Varnishwith5–10%Liquitex®Flow-Aid™/Watermixture(1partFlow-Aid™to20partsdistilledwater)
2 Allowtodry20minutestoonehour,dependinguponenvironment Whilewet,mediumwillappearslightlycloudy Whendry,mediumwillbecompletelyclear
3 Repeatsteps1and2untilthemediumcoatingisthickenoughsothatyoucanpeelitofftheglasswithouttearing;5–12coatswillgiveyouathicknessof1/16”–1/8” Coatsuccessivelayersindifferentdirections,horizontalthenverticalthenhorizontal,etc Thethicknessofthecoatingcanvaryaccordingtoyourdesiredeffect Thinlayersbetween1/32to1/16maybedifficulttohandle
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / t r A n s f e r s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
CoatInG ImaGe (cont )
pouring method: 1 Useacarpentersleveltomakesuretheglasspalettesurfaceislevel Ifsurfaceis
notlevelpouredacrylicmediumwillruntowardloweredgeandwhendrywillbethickeratthatedge
2 Tapearoundimagewithmaskingtapein4–5successivelayerssothataridgeisbuiltuparoundimage Youarebuildingadamtocontainthepouredacrylicmedium
3 PourLiquitex®GlossMedium&Varnishoverimage Pouronlyenoughtocoverimage Youmayneedseveralpourstobuildenoughthickness Spreadaroundwithsoftbrush,ifneedbe,whilewet Pouringthicklayersmayresultincloudytransfersandshrinkagemarks
4 Allowtodrycompletely:48–72hours Whenmediumiscompletelyclearitisdry
soakInG transfer
1 Razorcutaroundtapeandremoveimagefromglasspalette Submergeinlukewarmwaterandsoak10–15minutes Thelongertheimageissubmergedinwatertheeasieritwillbetoremovethepaperfromthebackofimage Donotsoakpaperlongerthan20minutes Whensubmergedinwatertheclearmediummayturnslightlymilky
2 Removeimagefromwaterandusingyourfingers,gentlyruboffpaperfrombackofimage Rubofftoplayerofpaperonlyandsubmergeimageintocontainerofwarmwater Repeatstepsuntilonlytheimageremains
dryInG transferred ImaGe
1 Blotwithpaperorclothtowel Placeflatbetweenlayersofwaxpaper,thenpapertowel
2 Weighttopandallowtodry,insuringthatimagedriesflat
adherInG transfer to support
1 Removewhendry(24–48hours) Selectsupportthattransferistobeadheredto
2 CoatthesideofthetransferthatistobeaffixedtothesupportwitheitherLiquitex®GlossMedium&VarnishorLiquitex®GlossGel Quicklypositionthetransferontothesupport(i e canvas)andpress
3 Toinsureuniformcontact,drytransferunderweight Covertransferwithasheetofwaxtopreventtransferfromstickingtoweight Letdry24hours
dIreCtIons: usInG lIquItex® InterferenCe Colors
1 Followdirectionsfor“SelectingImage”and“PreparingImageforTransfer”
2 Mix5-10%Liquitex®InterferenceColorofyourchoiceintoGlossMedium&Varnishtoproduceaninterferencefilm
3 Followdirectionsfor“CoatingImage”
4 Followdirectionsfor“SoakingImage”,“DryingTransferredImage”and“AdheringTransfertoSupport”
5 InterferenceColorTransferwillbeopalescent
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / t r A n s f e r s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
dIreCtIons: usInG lIquItex® Gel medIums
1 Followdirectionsfor“SelectingImage”and“PreparingImageforTransfer”
2 CoatingImage:Usingapaletteknife,apply1–2coatsofLiquitex®GlossGelorGlossHeavyGel
3 Applyeachcoat1/16”–1/8”thick Ifapplyingtwocoats,allowfirstcoattothoroughlydrybeforeapplyingsecondcoat(approximately24–48hours) ThethickertheGelorHeavyGelMediumcoatingthemoreopaquethefinaltransferfilmwillbe
4 Followdirectionsfor“SoakingImage”,“DryingTransferredImage”and“AdheringTransfertoSupport”
5 Atranslucenttotranslucent/opaquefilmtransferwillresult
dIreCtIons: usInG lIquItex® texture Gels
1 Followdirectionsfor“SelectingImage”and“PreparingImageforTransfer”
2 CoatingImage:Usingapaletteknife,apply1–2coatsofLiquitex®NaturalSand,ResinSandorGlassBeadsTextureGel Applyeachcoat1/16”–1/8”thick Ifapplyingtwocoats,allowfirstcoattothoroughlydrybeforeapplyingsecondcoat(approximately24–48hours) ThethickertheTextureGelMediumcoatingthemoreopaquethefinaltransferfilmwillbe
3 Followdirectionsfor“SoakingImage”,“DryingTransferredImage”and“AdheringTransfertoSupport”
4 Asemi-transparent,texturedfilmtransferwillresult
dIreCtIons: usInG lIquItex® fluId medIums and texture Gels
1 Followdirectionsfor“SelectingImage”and“PreparingImageforTransfer”
2 Usingasoftbrushorpaletteknifemix5–50%NaturalSand,ResinSand,GlassBeadsorBlackLavaTextureGelMediumsintoLiquitex®GlossMedium&Varnish ThegreaterthepercentageofMedium,themoretransparentandlesstexturedthefinaltransferfilmwillbe Forexample,aBlackLavaTextureGel/Mediummixturewillresultinatransferthatistransparentwithblackspeckles TheamountoftransparencyandblackspeckleswillbeinfluencedbytheratioofMediumtoBlackLava MoreMedium,lessBlackLava=moretransparency/lessblackspeckles
3 Followdirectionsfor“CoatingImage:brushingorpouringmethods”
4 Followdirectionsfor“SoakingImage”,“DryingTransferredImage”and“AdheringTransfertoSupport”
5 Atransparent-translucenttexturedfilmtransferwillresult
addItIonal IdeasAnunlimitednumberofcreativeapplicationsexist,inadditiontofineart Tryplacingacrylictransfersontoclothing(suchashats,T-shirts,sweatshirts,andshoes),decoratehouseholdorcraftitems(ceramictiles,furniture,lampshades,cups,boxes,pillows,quilts),orevenapplytomirrors,windows,orframedglassforstainedglasseffects
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / w A t e r c o l o r w i t h A c r l i c
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
WaterColor WIth aCrylICLiquitex®Acryliccolorcanbeusedinthemannerofwatercolorsimplybythinningwithwaterandapplyingtoanabsorbentsurface Theamountofwateruseddependsonthedesiredconsistency;themorewaterusedthemorefluidthepaint Liquitex®SoftBodyArtistAcrylicColorshouldalwaysbeusedforacrylicwatercolortechniquessinceit’sfluidconsistencydissolveseasilyinwater Colorvaluesaretraditionallybuiltfromlighttodarkwhenworkinginthistechnique
adVantaGes of aCrylIC WaterColorThemainadvantageofusingacrylicforwatercoloristhatwashesmaybelayeredwithoutdissolvingoneanother Thisisbecauseacrylicpaintcontainsbinderanddriestoawaterresistantfilm Whenworking,allowwashestosoakintothepaperanddry;thiswaythepaperalsoactsasabinder Layersofwasheswilleventuallysealthepaperfibersandthuslimittheamountoflayeringthatispossible
note:Watercolorpaintwhendryisstillwater-solubleandeachlayerofpaintcandissolvetheunderneathlayer
WaterColor papers•Paperchoiceisimportantandwillbesignificantfactorinthefinalwork
› Highquality/heavierpapersmadefrom100%CottonRagareidealforthisapplicationandwillyieldbetterresults (Theyholdmorewater,warplessandallowmoreLayersofwashes)
› ColdPresspaperisroughandabsorbent
› HotPresspaperissmooth(notasporous)andlessabsorbent WhenworkingwithHotPresspaperitmaybeusefultomixcolorswithFlow-AidTMWater(1partLiquitex®Flow-AidTM:20partsdistilledwater)tohelpachievedeeperstainsandamoreevenapplication
› note: Toachievewatercoloreffectsonanon-absorbentsurfacesuchasprimedcanvas,Liquitex®AirbrushMediumcanbeusedtothincolorsandwillprovideadequatebindertocreateastablepaintfilm
applICatIons and teChnIques•TransparentWashes
› Transparent/translucentcolorsarethemostvibrant
› Themorewaterused,themoretransparentthewashbecomes
•ForHardEdgeBrushmarks
› Usedrypaper
•ForSoftEdge(“bleed”)Brushmarks
› DampenpaperwithdistilledwaterorSlow-Dri®FluidRetarder(seebelow)thenapplyacrylicwatercolor
› CreateacrylicwatercolorusingFlow-AidTMWater(1partLiquitex®Flow-AidTM:20partsdistilledwater) Liquitex®Flow-AidTMreducessurfacetension,therebysofteningedges
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c h A p t e r 4 : A p p l i c A t i o n s / w A t e r c o l o r w i t h A c r l i c
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k 101100
applICatIons and teChnIques (cont )
•ForUltra-SoftEdge(“bleed”)Brushmarks
› DampenpaperwithFlow-AidTMWaterthenapplywashesfordeepersaturationofcolor Working“wetintowet”inthismannerishelpfulforcreatingmoreatmosphericpassages
•ToSlowingDryingTime
› MixLiquitex®Slow-Dri®FluidRetarderintodistilledwater(4partsdistilledwaterto1partLiquitex®Slow-Dri®) Usethismixturetocreateacrylicwatercolor
reCommended produCts
• Liquitex®Slow-Dri®FluidRetardergivesmore“opentime”,allowingpainttobemanipulatedforlonger
• Liquitex®Flow-AidTMreducessurfacetension,therebysofteningedgestohelptoachievedeeperstainsandamoreevenapplication
• Liquitex®AirbrushMediumisveryfluidandcontainsbindermakingwatercolortechniquespossibleonnon-absorbentsurfaces
maskInG
• Protectsthedrypaintfilmfromnewpaintapplicationbycoveringpassageswithmaskingtapesand/orfluids
• Maybedonebeforepaintingtoprotectwhitepaper
•Maybedoneaftereachcolorapplication,tosavespecificcolormarksanddetails
maskInG tape
• ToachievestraightlinesuseDraftingorScotchTM811tape Ithasalowadhesivetack,whichwillnotdamagepaintedareaswhenremoved
frIsket or maskInG fluId
•Applywithbrushorpen
• MaskingFluidmayberemovedatanytime,byrubbingwithfingerorrubbercementeraser
c h A p t e r 3 : l i q u i t e x p r o d u c t s
freQuenTly Asked QuesTions
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c h A p t e r 5 : f r e q u e n t l y A s k e d q u e s t i o n s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
Why are different colors priced differently? Thebiggestfactorinthecostoftheartists’coloristhepigment Differentpigmentscomefromavarietyofdifferentsources,andcostfromalittletoalottorefine,process,andmillintoartists’paint
I want that “oil color look ” What can I do? UseLiquitex®Slow-DriBlendingFluidorGeltoslowthedryingandtohelpyouwithblendinguponthepaintingsurface ExperimentwithGlazingtechniques
my paint dries too fast What can I do? Minimizetheuseofwater,andminimizeheatandairflowinthepaintingenvironment Makeuseofacrylicmediumstoextendthecolor,especiallySlow-DriBlendingFluidorGel,AirbrushMedium,orSlow-DriFluidorGelRetarder note:onlyoneadditive/retardershouldbeusedwithinacolormix Combiningadditivescancompromisethepaintfilmstability
my colors are too bright how do I make them look more natural? UseaLiquitex®colorcharttoidentifythemineralbasedcolors(cadmiums,cobalt,ultramarine) Thesecolorsmixtothesofter,moregrayopticaltonethatweassociatewithnaturallight Generally,thesecolorstendtobemoreopaque
my colors look dull and chalky how do I brighten them? Itmaybethatyou’readdingtoomuchwater,andspreading(underbinding)thepaintfilm TryaddingGlossMedium&Varnishinsteadofwater
how do I make the color flow like water, but stay brilliant? ChooseLiquitex®SoftBodyProfessioanlAcrylicColors ThesecolorshavethesamepigmentloadastheHeavybodycolors,butareformulatedtoamorefluidconsistency Somewatermaybeaddedforflow,butoneofthefollowingmaybeaddedaswelltoincreaseflow,whilemaintainingthestabilityofthepaintfilm:GlossMedium&VarnishorMatteMedium
Is water the best additive for thinning acrylic color?Wateris,infact,thesolventfortheacrylic/wateremulsion You’llfindthatyougetthebestperformance—nottomentionthemostfun—outofacrylicsifyoumakeuseofacrylicmediumstoadjusttheworkingpropertiesofthecolor Savethewaterforcleanup
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c h A p t e r 5 : f r e q u e n t l y A s k e d q u e s t i o n s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k 10�10�
I’m on a really tight budget What can I do to cut corners? Artists’colorsaren’tcheap But,aswithanyhighlyrefinedproduct,yougetwhatyoupayfor Thatsaid,therearesomestrategiesthatcanhelpstretchtheartist’sbudget:
•Usemediumstostretchandeconomizeoncolor
• UseUltraMatteMedium It'sformulatedtoincreasethevolumeofpaintwithoutsignificantlycuttingintensityofcolor
• CompleteyourunderpaintingwithBASICSValueSeriesAcrylicColors,andusetheLiquitex®ProfessionalAcrylicsColorsforthefinishinglayers
What is the best surface for acrylic paint? Acryliccolorsareunbelievablyversatile,andcanbeusedonanalmostinfinitevarietyofsurfaces:canvas,paper,leather,andglass(amongothers) Alwaysconductanadhesiontestwhenworkingonmore‘unusual’surfaces
What’s the best way to prime a canvas for painting? SizethecanvaswithonelayerofMatteMedium,andthencoatwithoneortwolayersofAcrylicGesso WithLiquitex®Gessoes,youcanchoosebetweentraditionalwhite,neutralgrayorblackcoloredGesso,ClearGesso,orSuperHeavyGesso
Why is my finished acrylic paint surface powdery, flaking, or cracking? Ifyourgessoorpaintlayerispowderyorunstable,youhave,mostlikely,addedtoomuchwaterduringpainting Waterspreadstheacrylicbinder,leavingitlessabletofirmlylockthepigmentintoplaceonthepaintingsurface You’llfindthatyougetthebestperformance—nottomentionthemostfun—outofacrylicsifyoumakeuseofacrylicmediumstoadjusttheworkingpropertiesofthecolor
Why are some acrylic mediums milky, some translucent, and some clear when wet? Someacrylicmediumsaremilkybecauseofthewatercontentwithintheemulsion Othersincludemattingagentsthatmakethemappearmilky Othermediumsareformulatedwithaclearresin,givingthemgreaterclaritybothwetanddry
Why do some acrylic colors seem to dry darker? Ingeneral,theacrylic/wateremulsionhasadistinctmilkycolorwhenwet Andthatmilkyappearancelightensthecolorofthepaint Aswaterleavestheemulsion,andthebinderclarifies,thecolorofthepaintdarkens
Asacrylicchemistryhasadvanced,neweracrylicresinshavebecomeavailablethatofferbetterandbetterclarity Asaresult,colorshiftinmodernacrylicsisoflesserconsequencethaninearlypaintproducts Itstillplaysaslightrolewithsomecolors,butnottothedegreethatitoncedid ThisphenomenonismostnoticeablewithtransparentdarkpigmentssuchasAlizarinandlesssowithlightopaquepigmentssuchasCadmiumYellow
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c h A p t e r 5 : f r e q u e n t l y A s k e d q u e s t i o n s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
how does the weather affect acrylic paints? Humidconditionsslowdownthedrying Hot,dryconditionswillspeedthedryingconsiderably
how do I store acrylic paintings? Protectthesurfacewithglassinepaper,oranothernon-stickysheet Covertheglassinewithanadditionallayer,suchasrawcanvas Standupright,andprotectfromtemperaturesbelow45°F(thetemperatureatwhichacrylicsbecomebrittleandaremorepronetocracking) Neverstoreacrylicsfacetoface,astheycansticktooneanother Alwayscrateforshipping
how long will acrylic paintings last? Followsoundpaintingtechniques,workonastablesupport,useartists’qualityprimer,andwithpropercareandstorage,anacrylicpaintingshouldremainstableforgenerations
What’s the advantage of making my own paint? Untiltwocenturiesago,artistshadtomilltheirowncolors Andtoday,it’snotuncommonforartiststoexperimentwithpaintmakingtodevelopamoreintimateunderstandingofthemechanicsoftheirchosenmedium Thatsaid,anexperiencedmanufacturerisabletoproducecolors,withoutrisktothepainter,withmuchhigherpigmentloadandmoreuniformlybalancedworkingpropertiesthanispossiblefortheindividual
do I need to varnish acrylic paintings? Yes Acrylicsdrywithaslightlytackyandporoussurface,exactlythekindofsurfacetowhichdirt,dustand,atmosphericgrimearepronetosticking Afinalvarnishwillbringamuchneededlayerofprotectiontothepainting Andaconservationqualityvarnish,likeLiquitex®Soluvar®GlossorMatteVarnishwillremainflexible,andcanberemovedforpurposesofcleaningthepaintingatalaterdate
Can I use acrylic mediums to varnish my acrylic paintings?Mediumsaredesignedtobemixedwithacryliccolorunlessotherwiselabeledthattheyservebothfunctions Forexample,Liquitex®GlossMedium&Varnishcanbeusedasbothaglossmediumaswellasafinalvarnish Varnishesaremeanttobeappliedoveracryliccolorastheyarespecificallyformulatedtobethinner,flowonsmooth,andself-level Inthecaseofmatteorsatinsheenproducts,varnisheshavelessordifferentkindsofmattingagentstoallowtruecolorstoshowthrough
Can I paint in oils over my acrylic paint layer?Itisgenerallynotagoodideatoapplyoilpaintsoversolidlayersofacrylicpaint Oilfilmsdrytoalessflexiblefilmthanacrylics,andtheirapplicationoverthemoreflexibleacrylicpaintlayercanbeproblematic OilapplicationsoveracrylicscanbecomparedtoapplyingPlasterofParisonarubberband–ifyoustretchtherubberbandafterthePlasterofParishasdried,theplasterwillcrackandflakeoff Overtime,anoillayerthathasbeenpaintedontopofanacryliclayermayexperiencethesameresults,astheunderlayerofacrylicpaintshiftsandmovesduetoatmosphericchanges
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c h A p t e r 5 : f r e q u e n t l y A s k e d q u e s t i o n s
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
I’m interested in creating multi-media work using acrylics Is there anything I should not combine or layer with my acrylic paint?Acrylicsarerestrictedprimarilybycompatibilitywithothertypesofpaints Acrylicsshouldnotforinstancebecombinedwithpaintsthataremadewithdifferentresinsandbinders Forexample,acrylicsshouldonlybecombinedwithacrylicpolymerbasedpaintsandnotbemixedforexamplewithoil,latexorgumbasedwatercolorpaints…orlayeredwithwax Theflexibilityofdryacrylicfilmsalongwiththepaintsabilitytoadjustitsworkingpropertieswhenwet,makeitatotallyuniqueandpowerfulartistmaterial Insomeways,itcanbethoughtofasthe“goanywhere,doanything”paint Itishardtocoverallthebaseswhenitcomestocombiningacrylicswiththeamazingvarietyofsubstancesthatcanbeusedtocreateaworkofart Thebestadvicethatcanbegiveninrelationtomulti-mediaworkisthatyoushouldalwaysconducttestingwiththematerialsyouplantouse,priortobeginningyourpiece,andyoushouldbeawarethatguaranteesconcerningpermanencyorlongevityoftheartworkmaynotexist Agoodplacetostartwouldbetomakesureyouhaveaworkingunderstandingoftheacrylicpaintfilmandhowitdries
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heAlTh & sAfeTy
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c h A p t e r 6 : h e A l t h & s A f e t y
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
health laBelInGTheuseofartmaterialsissaferthaneverbefore InbothEuropeandNorthAmerica,artproductsarelabeledwithinstructionsforsafeuse,andthevastmajorityrequiresnowarningorcaution Thoseproductsthatdo,includedetailedinformationabouthowtheycanbeusedwithoutrisk
alWays read the produCt laBels
ThelabelingstandardforChronicHealthHazardsinArtmaterials(ASTMD-4236)hasbeencodifiedintoUSlawaspartoftheFederalHazardousSubstancesAct15USCS1277 IncooperationwiththeArt&CreativeMaterialsInstitute(ACMI),allartandcreativeproductsmarketedintheUSAincludelabelingthatdetailsanycurrentlyidentifiedprecautionsthatshouldbetaken So,ifthere’saconcern,youwillseeitonthelabel
Inaddition,theAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM)haspreparedstandardsforthesafeuseofartist’smaterials Thesehavebeenpublishedasabookletentitled,“ASTMStandardsforthePerformance,Quality,andHealthLabelingofArtists’PaintsandRelatedMaterials”ISBN0-8031-1838-4
TheaddressforASTMis:ASTM100BarrHarborDriveWestConshohocken,PA19428-2959
Liquitex®ArtistMaterialslabelsallproductsforsafeuse Liquitex®wasoneofthefirstcompaniestolisthealthandsafetyinformationonpaintlabelsandtoidentifycolorsbychemicalnameaswellasbyinternationalcolorstandards UnitedStatesFederallawrequiresthatallLiquitex®productsmeetAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM)D4236,thestandardforhealthandsafety AllproductsareevaluatedbyanindependenttoxicologistinthecertificationprogramofACMI(TheArtandCreativeMaterialsInstitute) AllLiquitex®productsarelabeledincompliancewithapplicableFederallawandcarryACMIcertificationseals
ProductsbearingtheAPApprovedProductSealoftheArtandCreativeMaterialsInstitute,Inc arecertifiedinaprogramoftoxicologicalevaluationbyamedicalexperttocontainnomaterialsinsufficientquantitiestoposeahealthriskortobedeemedinjuriousinaccordancewithcurrentmedicalknowledgeandaslongasthematerialsareusedinthe
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c h A p t e r 6 : h e A l t h & s A f e t y
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
mannerintended ThisprogramisreviewedbytheInstitute’sToxicologicalAdvisoryBoard TheseproductsarecertifiedbytheInstitutetobelabeledinaccordancewiththechronichazardlabelingstandardASTMD4236,andtheU S LabelingofHazardousArtMaterialsAct(LHAMA) TheCLSealidentifiesproductsthatarecertifiedtobeproperlylabeledinaprogramoftoxicologicalevaluationbyamedicalexpertforanyknownhealthrisksandwithinformationonthesafeandproperuseofthesematerials ThissealiscurrentlyreplacingtheHLHealthLabel(CautionsRequired)Seal TheseproductsarealsocertifiedbyACMItobelabeledinaccordancewiththechronichazardlabelingstandard,ASTMD4236,andtheU S LabelingofHazardousArtMaterialsAct(LHAMA)
SafetyDataSheetsareavailableonrequestorontheLiquitex®websiteatwww liquitex com Forfurtherhealthinformationcontactalocalpoisoncontrolcenterorcall800-445-7067
eu leGIslatIon
Theseregulations,introducedinthe1960’s,coverallproductsavailabletoindustryorthegeneralpublicwithintheEU Thissystemclassifiesdangeroussubstancesintooneofthefollowingclassifications:TOXIC,HARMFUL,CORROSIVE,IRRITANT,OXIDISING,EXPLOSIVE,FLAMMABLEorDANGEROUSFORTHEENVIRONMENT
Therecanbevariouslevelswithinaclassification,forexample,VeryToxicorExtremelyFlammable Mostlevelsofclassificationhaveaccompanyingsymbolsand“RiskPhrases”and/or“SafetyPhrases”
Anyartists’material,whichfallsintooneoftheaboveclassifications,mustbelabeledaccordingly Thetwomostcommonclassificationsinartists’materialsareHarmfulandFlammable Theriskand/orsafetyphraseswillvaryaccordingtoeachproduct
Note:ThereisnodirectrelationshipbetweentheEUandUSAsystemsofhealthlabelingasthecategoriesusedhavedifferentlevelsandlimits,eg ,FlammableintheUSAisnotautomaticallyconsideredasFlammableintheEU
USA ONLY labels may appear on products in the EU as Liquitex® products are sold internationally. However, artists in the EU are advised to follow EU labeling.
laBelInG for CalIfornIa: proposItIon 65
Beginningin2000,awiderangeofLiquitex®productsbeganshippinginNorthAmericawithnewhealthandsafetylabelsasaresultofactionsurroundingCalifornia’sSafeDrinkingWaterandToxicEnforcementActof1986(commonlyknownasProposition65) Theactwasintendedtopreventanyonefromdischargingmaterialsthatareknowntocausecancerorreproductivetoxicity,andthatcouldcontaminatedrinkingwater Enforcementisachievedthroughlitigation,withaprovisionthatallowsforanyonetosueacompanythatmightinsomewayviolatetheact
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c h A p t e r 6 : h e A l t h & s A f e t y
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In1998,anumberofartmaterialmanufacturersreceiveda“Sixty-DayNoticeofIntenttoSue”forviolationsofProposition65 Theproductscitedwerematerialsthathavebeenevaluatedanddeemedsafebyaboardcertifiedtoxicologist,andthataresubjecttoreviewundertheFederalLabelingofHazardousArtMaterialsAct(LHAMA),anactthatis,infact,morethoroughthanProposition65 AfterconsultingwiththeArtandCreativeMaterialsInstitute(ACMI),allpartieswereassuredthatanyexposurelevelsintheseproductswerebelowthelevelsofriskasdefinedbyProposition65 However,itwasdeterminedthatitwouldbefarlesscostlyandlessdamagingtoenterintoasettlementofthesuitratherthantoengageinprotractedlitigation
AprovisionofthesettlementstatesthatanyproductsthatincludeelementsconsideredhazardousunderProposition65mustbelabeledaccordingly Asaresult,artists’colorscontainingcadmiumandleadarerequiredtohavespeciallabeling Forexample,thelabelsforcadmium-containingproductsread:
DONOTSPRAYAPPLY Thisproductcontainscadmium,achemicalknowtotheStateofCaliforniatocausecancerbymeansofinhalation
ZInC oxIde
ZincOxide(ZnO)isthepigmentusedintheproductionofZincWhite Thispigmentcontainsasatraceelement,atinyamountofleadconsistingof1partleadpermillionotherparts(1ppm)
In1978,theUSConsumerProductSafetyCommission(CPSC)bannedpaint(aswellastoyspaintedwithpaint)thatcontainleadinexcess0 06%byweight Bycomparison,a1ppmtraceamountofleadintheZincOxideusedinLiquitex®pigmentstranslatesto0 0001% TheCPSCrecognizesthatleadshowsupintinyamountsinmanycompounds,andthatunderaverysmallthreshold,itspresenceisconsideredinconsequential ForthepigmentsusedbyLiquitex®toapproachtheleveldeemedhazardousbytheCPSC,theywouldrequireatleast500timesmoreleadthantheydo Infact,Liquitex®usesZincOxidewithlowerleadcontentthanthepharmaceuticalZincapprovedbytheFDAforeverydayuseinmakeup Thefinalproduct,atwellunder1ppmlead,fallsbelowwhatisconsideredtobethedetectablethreshold(5ppm)byamajorhealthcenter(Kirby)
hoW safe are the produCts?
Usingartandcraftproductsissaferthaneverbefore Overthelastdecades,newgenerationsofpigments,vehicles,adhesives,andotherrawmaterialshavebeenselected,notonlyfortheirpotentialtoimprovetheperformanceoffinishedproduct,butalsofortheirnon-toxicity And,intheinterestofconsumersafety,wehavealwaysbeenfullycommittedtoopendisclosureregardingthesafeuseofourproducts Ourpriorityissafety YoucanuseandenjoyLiquitex®productswithfullconfidencethatweselectourrawmaterials,andformulateourproductstorepresentaslittlehazardaspossible Andfortheproductsthatcontainapotentialhazard,ourliteratureandlabelsofferthemostup-to-datehealthandsafetyinformationpossible
c h A p t e r 6 : h e A l t h & s A f e t y
10�10� l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k 10�10� l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
dIsposal InformatIon: us enVIronmental proteCtIon aGenCy (epa) soluBIlIty testInG data
Whilethevastmajorityofproductsusedinyourstudioareinertandinnocuous—therearesomethatrequirespecialattention Andallmaterialsshouldbeusedwithrespect
Beginningin1999,theUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)beganreviewingthedisposalproceduresusedbyuniversitiesandcolleges Becauseofthepigmentsandsolventscommonlyused,artdepartmentswereincludedinthereview
Herearesomeissues,broughttolightbytheEPA’sinterestinschoolenvirons,thatareworthreporting:
•TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)hasidentifiedeightmetals,orelements,thathavethepotentialtobeahealthconcern Thoseare:arsenic,barium,cadmium,chromium,lead,mercury,selenium,andsilver Theseelements,the“RCRA8,”arecloselymonitoredbytheagency Andsomeofthemarefoundinpigmentsusedinthemanufactureofartmaterials
•Onceproductscontainingthosemetalshavebeenidentified,thesolubilityofthemetalswithintheseproductshastobemeasured Theseelementsposeagreaterriskifitcanbeabsorbedintothehumansystem,ortheenvironment Ifit’slargelyinsoluble,thenitposesfarlessconcern Asaresult,theEPAhasidentifiedcertainsolubilitylevels,belowwhichthepigmentorproductisnotconsideredtobehazardouswaste However,abovethislevel,theproductrequiresspecialdisposalprovisions
•Solubilityistestedthroughthe“ToxicityCharacteristicLeachingProcedure”(TCLP) TCLPtestingdetermineshowmuchofagivenmetalgoesintosolutionwithinacarefullymonitoredacidicenvironment Thelimitsforleadandchromiumare5mg/l IfthesolubilityoftheelementislessthantheEPAlimit,theproductisnotconsideredtorequirespecialtreatment
•Inresponsetotherequestfromamajoruniversity,solubilitytestingwasperformedonallLiquitex®productsthatcontainanyoftheRCRA8metals Asaresult,collegesanduniversitiescanbebetterpreparedtoselectandmanagethematerialsbeingusedinstudios
•ThevastmajorityofLiquitex®productshavebeenshowntoincludenoneoftheRCRA8metals Ofthefewthatdid,thesolubilitylevelsofalmostallofthosewerewellbelowtheEPAlimits AstatementofTCLPproductanalysisfollows
Ifspecificsolubilityfindingsandnumericresultsarerequired,pleasecontact:DirectorofCommunicationsLiquitex®,POBox246,Piscataway,NJ08855
c h A p t e r 6 : h e A l t h & s A f e t y
111110 l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k 111110 l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
tClp produCt analysIs fIndInGs summary SamplesofallLiquitex®colorscontaining“RCRA8”metalsweresubmittedtoQCLaboratories(Southhampton,PA)forextractionanalysis Theresultsareasfollows:
Allcolorscontaining“RCRA8”metalsintheLiquitex®HeavyBodyandSofyBodyProfessionalArtistColorsweretested Withtheexceptionofthetwocolorslistedbelow,allcolorswereproventoshowTCLPsolubilitywithinthelimitsrequiredbytheEPAforclassificationasanon-hazardouswaste
ThecolorsthatexceededtheEPAsolubilitylimitsforChromium(5 0mg/l)areasfollows:
• Liquitex®CobaltGreen(HeavyBodyandSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColors)Containschromium
• Liquitex®CobaltTurquoise(HeavyBodyandSoftBodyProfessionalArtistColors)Containschromium
CertificationstatementsareavailableregardingthetestresultsforcadmiumpigmentsusedinthemanufactureofSoftBodyandHeavyBodyArtistColorranges ThestatementsconfirmthatallcadmiumsusedinLiquitex®ProfessionalArtistcolorrangesexhibitsolubilitywellbelowtheEPAlimits
safe studIo tIps(adaptedfrom“WhatEveryArtistNeedstoKnowAboutPaintsandColors,”byDavidPyle,
KrausePublications,©2000,withpermissionfromtheauthor)
Whenworking:• Alwaysmakesurethatthere'splentyoffreshairandventilation,particularlywhen
workingwithsolvents
• Ifsprayapplyinganyproducts,wearanapprovedmask Aspraybooth,or,evenbetter,anextractionsystem,ventedtotheoutsideisrecommended
• Ifworkingwithpowderedpigment,theaboveprovisionsforventilationareequallyimportant
• Alwayskeepallmaterials,especiallysolvents,tightlysealed Thismeanskeepingthethreadsonlidsandjarswipedclean,toensureabettersealwhenclosed
•Artmaterialsshouldneverbeexposedtoheatsourcesortonakedflame
• Donoteat,drinkorsmokewhenworking Youneverknowwhatmayenduponyourfingers,yourfood,oryourcigarette,andthengetswallowedinadvertently
•Avoidskincontact,particularlywithsolvents Don'tpaintdirectlywithyourfingers
• Don'twashorrinsebrushesinthepalmofyourhand Doingso,particularlyifladenwithsolvent,isaparticularlyefficientmethodfordrivingpigmentintoandthroughyourskin
c h A p t e r 6 : h e A l t h & s A f e t y
111110 l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k 111110 l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
safe studIo tIps (cont )
• Whenwashingbrushesorpalettesorothertools First,wipethemfreeofcolorwithapapertowel Ifusingstiffbrusheswiththickcolor,likeoilsoracrylics,anoldtoothbrushworkswellforscrapingfreeexcesscolor Allowtheproductonthetoweltodrycompletelybeforedisposal
• Ifworkinginwatercolororacrylic,rinsewithwater
•Washthebrushwithaconditioningsoap
•Neverstorebrushesrestinginacontainer,head,ortuft,down
• Donotpointyourbrushesinyourmouth Swirlthebrushinacupofwater,orsolvent,tocheckthepoint
•Excesssolventscanbedisposedofatyourlocalrecyclingcenter
• Asasafeguardforgroundwater,donotdisposeofexcessoiloracryliccolororsolventdownthesink Instead,usethefollowingguidelines:
› Whenfinishedpaintingwithacryliccolors,allowwastepaintandpapertowelstofullydrybeforedisposal Why?Becausethedriedpolymervehiclewillprovidesomecontainmentfortheincludedpigment,minimizingtheriskofsolubilityinlandfillsandwastewater
› Lead-basedcolors,oranysolventsusedwithlead-basedcolors,shouldneverbedisposedofinhouseholdtrashordownthedrain
› Fordisposalrecommendationsandregulationspertainingtoallartmaterials,aswellasmoretoxicsolvents,aerosolcans,andhighlytoxicpigments(likelead-basedcolors),visitthewebsitefortheCenterforSafetyintheArtsatNYFA,at:www artswire org:70/1/csa/
StreetAddress:155AvenueoftheAmericas,14thFloor,NewYork,NY,10013
• Ifpaintorsolventissomehowsplashedinyoureyes,flushimmediatelyandthoroughlywithcoldwater
•Cleanupallspillsimmediately
• Unlessspecificallylabeledassafeforchildren'suse,keepartists'materialsawayfromchildren Becauseoflessersizeandbodyweight,youngstersaresubjecttogreaterriskwiththeseproductsthanadults
Washyourhandswhenyou'redone Wipeanycolororexcessmaterialsfromyourhandswithapapertowel Agoodsoaporhandcleanershouldbeperfectlyadequateforathoroughcleansing
reference
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er
c h A p t e r 7 : r e f e r e n c e
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
# Color name series # hue Value Chroma lightfastness “I” opacity pigment* pigment name
116 Alizarin crimson hue permanent 2 3.30r 2.86 3.94 i tp m quinacridone (pr 206), quinacridone (pr 202)
660 bright Aqua green 1 4.88bg 6.03 9.04 i o m chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (pg 7), copper phthalocyanine (pb 15), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
570 brilliant blue 1A 7.91b 5.08 9.61 i o m copper phthalocyanine (pb 15:3), chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (pg 7), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
590 brilliant purple 1 1.73p 5.01 11.15 ii o m carbazole dioxozine (pv 23 rs), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
840 brilliant yellow green 1 6.22gy 8.07 10.07 ii tl m phthalocyanine green (pg 7), titanium dioxide (pw 6), Arylide yellow 10g (py 3), Arylide yellow fgl (py 97)
530 bronze yellow 1 1.77 y 5.26 4.9 i o m synthetic iron oxide yellow (py 42), synthetic iron oxide red (pr 101), synthetic iron oxide black (pblk11)
127 burnt sienna 1 0.2yr 3.43 4.16 i o s calcined natural iron oxide (pbr 7)
128 burnt umber 1 4.22yr 2.63 0.92 i o s calcined natural iron oxide containing manganese (pbr 7)
150 cadmium orange 4 3.06yr 6.86 14.99 i o s cadmium orange (po 20)
720 cadmium orange hue 2 3.98yr 6.98 13.01 i tl m perninone orange (po 43 dl), titanium white (pw 6), diarylide yellow hr70 (py 83)
311 cadmium red deep hue 2 5.00r 3.29 8.25 i o m naphthol carbamide (pr 170 f3rk), quinacridone violet b (pv 19)
152 cadmium red light 5 7.67r 4.96 14.11 i o s cadmium red (pr 108)
510 cadmium red light hue 2 7.50r 5.01 13.4 i tl m naphthol As-ol (pr 9), Arylide yellow 5gx (py 74 lf), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
154 cadmium red medium 5 6.28r 4.48 13.82 i o s cadmium red (pr 108)
151 cadmium red medium hue 2 6.25r 4.3 13.59 i o m naphthol crimson (pr 170 f3rk), Arylide yellow fgl (py 97)
163 cadmium yellow deep hue 2 8.98yr 7.43 12.46 i o m diarylide yellow (py 83 hr 70), Arylide yellow 5gx (py 74 lf), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
*s= single pigment m=mixed pigment
ComposItIon and permanenCe Chart
11�11� 11�11�
c h A p t e r 7 : r e f e r e n c e
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
*s= single pigment m=mixed pigment
# Color name series # hue Value Chroma lightfastness “I” opacity pigment* pigment name
160 cadmium yellow light 3 7.63y 8.81 12.94 i o s cadmium yellow (py 35)
159 cadmium yellow light hue 3 6.85y 8.73 11.9 i o s bismuth vanadate (py 184)
161 cadmium yellow medium 3 2.39y 8.27 14.21 i o s cadmium yellow (py 35)
830 cadmium yellow medium hue 1A 2.11y 8.01 12.78 i tl m Arylide yellow fgl (py 97), diarylide yellow (py 83 hr 70), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
164 cerulean blue 3 3.29pb 3.96 9.25 i o s cobalt chromite (pb 36)
470 cerulean blue hue 2 3.01pb 4.05 9.52 i o m complex silicate of sodium and Aluminum with sulfur (pb 29), chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (pg 7), titanium dioxide (pw 6), copper phthalocyanine (pb 15:3)
166 chromium oxide green 2 9.49gy 4.19 4.25 i o s Anhydrous chromium sesquioxide (pg 17)
170 cobalt blue 4 6.94pb 3.33 11.43 i o s oxides of cobalt and Aluminum (pb 28)
381 cobalt blue hue 1A 7.48pb 3.09 12.9 i o m complex silicate of sodium and Aluminum with sulfur (pb 29), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
171 cobalt green 4 4.93bg 3.72 4.56 i o s light green oxide (pg 50)
172 cobalt teal 4 8.31bg 5.89 9.16 i o s light green oxide (pg 50)
169 cobalt turquoise 4 8.26bg 4.16 5.79 i o s cobalt chromite (pb 36)
300 deep magenta 3 6.54rp 3.02 5.59 i tl m quinacridone magenta (pr 122), quinacridone violet (pv 19 dl), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
115 deep violet 3 1.33r 2.56 2.76 i tl m quinacridone magenta (pr 122), quinacridone violet (pv 19 dl)
186 dioxazine purple 2 9.44r 2.42 0.49 ii tp s carbazole dioxozine (pv 23 rs)
450 emerald green 2 3.79g 4.24 7.98 i o m chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (pg 7), Arylide yellow fgl (py 97), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
350 green deep permanent 2 6.81g 3.07 3.4 i o m phthalocyanine green (pg 7), titanium dioxide (pw 6), Arylide yellow fgl (py 97)
325 green gold 4 7.93 y 3.87 3.26 nr tl s Azo methine copper complex (py 129)
225 hooker’s green 1A 7.73bg 2.47 0.38 i tl m carbon black (pbk 7), phthalocyanine green (pg 7), deep hue permanent Arylide yellow 5gx (py 74)
224 hooker’s green hue permanent 1A 7.40 gy 2.95 2.27 i tl m chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (pg 7), tetrachloroisoindolanone (py 110)
322 indanthrene blue 3 6.44 p 2.37 1.55 i tp s Anthraquinone blue (pb 60)
324 indian yellow 2 8.24 yr 6.34 11.21 i tl s isoindolanone (py 139)
237 iridescent Antique gold 2A — — — nr o m mica coated with titanium dioxide and iron oxide
234 iridescent bright gold 2A — — — nr tl m mica coated with titanium dioxide and iron oxide
11�11� 11�11�
c h A p t e r 7 : r e f e r e n c e
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
*s= single pigment m=mixed pigment
# Color name series # hue Value Chroma lightfastness “I” opacity pigment* pigment name
236 iridescent bright silver 2A — — — nr tl m mica coated with titanium dioxide and iron oxide, stainless steel
229 iridescent rich bronze 2A — — — nr o m mica coated with titanium dioxide and iron oxide
230 iridescent rich copper 2A — — — nr o m mica coated with titanium dioxide and iron oxide
235 iridescent rich gold 2A — — — nr o m mica coated with titanium dioxide and iron oxide
239 iridescent rich silver 2A — — — nr o m bismuth oxychloride (pw 14), synthetic iron oxide black (pbk 11)
238 iridescent white 2A — — — nr tp s mica coated with titanium dioxide
244 ivory black 1 1.58pb 2.28 0.09 i o s bone black (pbk 9)
770 light blue permanent 1 4.84b 6.99 7.78 i o m copper phthalocyanine (pb 15), chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (pg 7), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
680 light blue violet 1A 6.54pb 6.03 10.68 i o m complex silicate of sodium and Aluminum with sulfur (pb 29), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
650 light emerald green 3 0.90g 6.25 10.07 i o m chlorinated phthalocyanine (pg 7), Arylide yellow fgl (py 97), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
312 light green permanent 2 1.42g 5.09 10.24 i o m chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (pg 7), Arylide yellow fgl (py 97), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
810 light portrait pink 1A 6.42r 8.04 5.67 i o m naphthol As (pr 188), benzimidazolone (po 36), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
275 manganese blue hue 3 3.86 pb 3.88 9.46 i o m copper phthalocyanine (pb 15), chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (pg 7), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
276 mars black 1 4.79rp 2.44 0.04 i o s synthetic black iron oxide (pbk 11)
500 medium magenta 1A 2.84rp 4.95 12.59 i o m quinacridone magenta (pr 122), titanium dioxide (pw 6)
292 naphthol crimson 2 5.64r 3.85 11.72 ii tp s naphthol carbamide (pr 170 f5rk)
294 naphthol red light 2 7.36r 4.56 13.56 i tp s naphthol As-ol (pr 9)
601 naples yellow hue 2 9.90 yr 7.58 8.16 nr o m chrome titanium yellow (pbr 24), titanium white (pw 6)
599 neutral gray value 5 1 9.97bg 5.03 0.15 i o m bone black (pbk 9), raw umber (pbr 7), titanium/mixing gray dioxide (pw 6)
436 parchment 1 7.22y 8.32 1.68 i o m carbon black (pbk 7), phthalocyanine green (pg 7), titanium dioxide (pw 6), iron oxide yellow (py 42)
11�11�
c h A p t e r 7 : r e f e r e n c e
l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o kl i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
*s= single pigment m=mixed pigment
# Color name series # hue Value Chroma lightfastness “I” opacity pigment* pigment name
310 payne’s gray 1 3.62pb 2.36 0.31 i o m ultramarine blue (pb 29), bone black (pbk 9), ultramarine violet (pv 15)
316 phthalocyanine blue 1A 0.14p 2.37 4.6 i tp s copper phthalocyanine (pb 15) (green shade)
314 phthalocyanine blue 2 9.03 bp 2.27 4.09 i tp s phthalocyanine blue epsilon (pb15:6) (red shade)
317 phthalocyanine green 1A 9.88bg 2.57 2.23 i tp s chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (pg 7) (blue shade)
319 phthalocyanine green 1A 0.43bg 2.74 3.36 i tp s chlorinated and brominated copper phthalocyanine (pg 36) (yellow shade)
391 prism violet 2 9.77 p 2.5 1.35 ii tp m dioxazine carbazol (pv 23), quinacridone magenta (pr 122)
320 prussian blue hue 2 9.10bp 2.29 1.05 ii tl m copper phthalocyanine (pb 15:3), carbazole dioxozine (pv 23), synthetic black iron oxide (pbk 11)
326 pyrrole crimson 4 3.53 r 3.04 7.36 nr o s pyrrol crimson (pr 264)
323 pyrrole orange 4 9.06r 5.41 14.62 nr tl s pyrrol orange (po 73)
321 pyrrole red 4 6.16r 4.23 13.86 i o s pyrrol red (pr 254)
118 quinacridone blue violet 3 8.66rp 2.47 1.71 i tp s quinacridone violet b (pv 19)
108 quinacridone burnt orange 3 5.93r 2.91 2.48 i tl s quinacridone (pr 206)
110 quinacridone crimson 3 3.98r 3.58 9.28 i tp s gamma quinacridone red (pv 19)
114 quinacridone magenta 3 9.25rp 3.02 5.82 i tp s quinacridone magenta (pr 122)
112 quinacridone red 3 5.43r 4.11 10.77 i tp s quinacridone red gamma (pr 209)
109 quinacridone red-orange 3 5.48r 3.18 6.88 i tp s quinacridone/pyrrolopyrrol
330 raw sienna 1 4.98yr 4.48 5.44 i o s natural iron oxide (pbr 7)
331 raw umber 1 9.38yr 2.91 1.11 i o s natural iron oxide containing manganese (pbr 7)
335 red oxide 1A 9.01r 4 7.47 i o s synthetic red iron oxide (pr 101)
315 sap green permanent 2 8.48 gy 2.9 2.06 i tl m isoindolinone (py 139), phthalocyanine blue (pb 15:3), synthetic iron oxide black (pbk 11)
432 titanium white 1 — — — i o s titanium dioxide (pw 6)
129 transparent burnt sienna 3 7.33 r 3.12 2.75 i tp s synthetic iron oxide red (pr 101)
130 transparent burnt umber 2 6.35 yr 2.72 0.19 i tp m synthetic iron oxide yellow (py 42), synthetic iron oxide red (pr 101), synthetic iron oxide black (pbk 11)
430 transparent mixing white 1 2.52pb 9 0.71 i tp s zinc white (pw 4)
332 transparent raw sienna 3 6.70 yr 4.68 5.49 i tp s synthetic iron oxide yellow (py 42)
11�11�
c h A p t e r 7 : r e f e r e n c e
*s= single pigment m=mixed pigment
# Color name series # hue Value Chroma lightfastness “I” opacity pigment* pigment name
333 transparent raw umber 2 4.28 yr 2.81 0.17 i tp m synthetic iron oxide yellow (py 42), synthetic iron oxide red (pr 101), synthetic iron oxide black (pbk 11)
327 transparent viridian hue 2 6.78 bg 2.72 2.72 i tl s chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (pg 7)
730 turner’s yellow 2 2.08y 7.04 9.89 ii tl m Arylide yellow 10g (py 3), iron oxide yellow (py 42)
561 turquoise deep 2 6.66pb 2.38 2.2 i tl m copper phthalocyanine (pb 15:3), chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (pg 7)
380 ultramarine blue (green shade) 1A 9.32 pb 2.28 7.29 i tl s complex silicate of sodium and Aluminum with sulfur (pb 29)
382 ultramarine blue (red shade) 1A 9.4bp 2 8 i o s complex silicate of sodium and Aluminum with sulfur (pb 29)
434 unbleached titanium 1 0.93 y 8.03 2.73 i o m titanium white (pw 6), synthetic iron oxide yellow (py 42), synthetic iron oxide red (pr 101), synthetic iron oxide black (pbk 11)
392 van dyke red 2 1.97yr 2.69 1.38 nr tl s benzimidazolone (pbr 25)
398 viridian hue permanent 1A 3.69bg 2.6 0.98 i o m raw umber (pbr 7), phthalocyanine green (pg 7)
740 vivid lime green 1A 7.73gy 7.1 10.38 i o m Arylide yellow fgl (py 97), chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (pg 7) , titanium dioxide (pw 6)
620 vivid red orange 3 0.78yr 5.45 12.74 nr tp m pyrrol orange (po 73), isoindolanone (py 139)
411 yellow light hansa 1A 0.48gy 8.6 10.97 ii tp s Arylide yellow 10g (py 3)
412 yellow medium Azo 2 6.55y 7.98 11.69 i tp s Arylide yellow 5gx (py 74 lf)
414 yellow orange Azo 2 8.58yr 7.12 13.04 i tp s diarylide yellow (py 83 hr 70)
416 yellow oxide 1 0.39y 6.18 7.5 i o s synthetic hydrated iron oxide (py 42)
11�11� l i q u i t e x ® / t h e A c r y l i c b o o k
n o t e s
n o t e s
n o t e s
AdditionalinformationonallLiquitex®productsisavailablefromwww liquitex com,theLiquitexProductCatalog,yourlocalretailer,orbycontacting:Liquitex®ArtistMaterialsPOBox246,Piscataway,NJ08855U S A
FormoreinformationandtechnicalsupportinNorthAmerica,pleasecall1-888-4-ACRYLIC
Liquitex®,Slow-Dri®andSoluvar®areregisteredtrademarksofLiquitex®ArtistMaterials Glossies™,Flow-Aid™,Liquithick™andLiquigems™aretrademarksofLiquitex®ArtistMaterials AllLiquitex®productsmeetthehigheststandardofqualityandperformance ItistheresponsibilityoftheusertoensurethattheLiquitex®productselectedissuitableforthespecificworkbeingexecuted Liquitex®ArtistMaterialscannotberesponsibleforanydamageswhichresultinwholeorinpartfromartisttechnique,foranyconsequentialdamagesorforanydamagesinexcessofthepurchasepriceoftheproduct
Liquitex®ArtistMaterialsauthorizesthereproductionofthecopyrightedinformationincludedwithintheLiquitexAcrylicBook,astheinformationspecificallyappearsinthepublication ExcerptsandsectionstakenfromtheAcrylicBookmaynotbereformattedoreditedinawaythatcompromisestheintegrityandaccuracyofthepublication InformationreproducedfromtheAcrylicBookandusedininstructions,printedmaterialsoronaWebsitemustbecreditedtoLiquitex®ArtistMaterials
©LiquitexArtistMaterials2007 Allrightsreserved
Liquitex Artist MAteriALs
P.O. Box 246Piscataway, NJ 08855
1.888.4.ACRYLICwww.liquitex.com
MsrP $4.95 us
09 4 3 7 6 9 3 3 8 9
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