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2.02 Structure and Function of Cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure for all living things. BACTERIA. PROKARYOTIC CELLS. BACTERIA. plasma membrane. cell wall. flagella. ribosomes. NO membrane-bound organelles. EUKARYOTIC CELLS. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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2.02 Structure and Function of Cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure for all living things.
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
NO membrane-bound organelles
plasma membrane
cell wall
flagella
ribosomes
EUKARYOTICCELLS
Organelles
ANIMAL
PLANT
Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells
small, specializedstructures inside cellswith specific functions
Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells
CELL BOUNDARIES
PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANEflexible boundary separating the inside of the cell from the surrounding environment
control what enters & leaves the cell
helps maintain HOMEOSTASIS
INSIDE
OUTSIDE
phospholipidsproteins
CELL BOUNDARIESCELL WALL
rigid structure found on the outside of the plasma membrane
provides protection & additional support
found in plants, bacteria, fungi, and some protists
Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells
Plasma membrane
Cell Wall
cellulose
Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells
Cytoplasm
clear, gelatinous fluid that fills the inside of the cell
most cellular processes occur in the cytoplasm
maintains shape of cell
organelles suspended in it
Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus
contains the DNA & controls what takes place inside of a cell
surrounded by a membrane
nuclear membrane
also contains the nucleolus
Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells
NucleolusNucleus
Chromatin
found inside the nucleusproduces the ribosomes
found inside the nucleusDNA, genetic information
chromatin chromosome
Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells
Ribosomes
made of RNA
synthesize (make) proteins
attached to “rough” endoplasmic reticulum
“free”, located in cytoplasm
Structure and Function of Eukaryotic CellsEndoplasmic reticulum
rough
smooth
series of folded membranes, attached to nucleus; transport material throughout cell
attached ribosomesmake proteins shipped throughout cell
no ribosomesproduce & store lipidsdetoxify poisons
Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells
Golgi apparatus (body)made of membranes – described as “stack of pancakes”
packages, stores, & ships out materials such as proteins and lipids
Roughendoplasmic
reticulumPlasma
membrane
Proteins for usewithin the cell
Proteins for useoutside the cell
Golgiapparatus
Vesicles
Proteinsecretion
Figure 4.12 The Golgi Apparatus
Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells
Vacuoles and Vesiclesmembrane-bound structurestemporary storage of food, water, enzymes, & other materials that enter / leave cell
Lysosomesmembrane-bound vesiclecontains digestive enzymesbreaks down waste, food, old organelles
Golgi apparatus Primarylysosome
Food particlesdigested
Extracellularenvironment
Plasmamembrane
Food particletaken in by
phagocytosis
Figure 4.13 Lysosomes Isolate Digestive Enzymes from the Cytoplasm
Products of digestion
Structure and Function of Eukaryotic CellsCELL ENERGY
Mitochondriabreaks down sugar molecules to produce energy
has 2 membranes
outer inner
has its own DNA
cellular respiration
Structure and Function of Eukaryotic CellsCELL ENERGY
Chloroplast
captures light energy & converts it to chemical energy (sugar molecules)
has 2 membranes
has its own DNA
photosynthesis
outer
innerthey are green because the contain the pigment CHLOROPHYLL
Structure and Function of Eukaryotic CellsCytoskeleton
maintains cell shape and support
help move structures around within the cell
microfilaments
microtubules
thin fibers made of the protein actin
long hollow cylinders made of the protein tubulin
Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells
CELL MOVEMENT
Flagella
Cilia
long, whip-like structure (“tail”)
short, hair-like structures
few in number (1 – 4)
very numerousalso used in feeding
ANIMAL CELL
mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
nucleolus
nucleus
cytoplasmribosome
plasmamembrane
smooth ER(no ribosomes)
rough ER(endoplasmic
reticulum)
lysosome1.
2.
3.
4.5.
6.
7.8.
9.
10.
11. centrioles
12.vesicle
13. microtubule
PLANT CELL
cell wallplasma membrane
Golgi apparatus
chloroplast
central vacuolemitochondria
cytoplasm
rough ERnucleus
nucleolussmooth ER
ribosomes
1.
2.
3.
4.5.6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Structure and Function
Nerve cells structure is well suited to carrying nerve impulses through the body.
Structure and Function
Red blood cells smooth disk shape is well suited to traveling through blood vessels.
Structure and Function
Muscle cells need a great deal of energy, so they have many mitochondria located in them.
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