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Why We’re Here: Case Studies of Energy Management Planning
Glenn BarnesEnvironmental Finance CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill919-962-2789glennbarnes@sog.unc.edu
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Session Objectives
• Identify ways to improve the energy performance of your water system.
• Look at examples of similar entities doing energy management around the country.
• Hear about what you are doing or are considering doing at your small water system.
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Energy Management Approach
1. Improve the energy efficiency of your small water system
2. Use less water (water efficiency)3. Reuse water4. Heat water with solar energy5. Generate renewable electricity on-site
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Featured Entities
• Water Utilities• Restaurants• Hotels• Condos and
Apartments• Supermarkets
• Golf Courses• Airports• Military Bases• Historic Properties• Bottling Facilities
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Improve Energy Efficiency
• Use less electricity to achieve the same level of performance
• Employ efficient pumps and motors
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The Villa Magna condos, Highland Beach, FL
• A 92-unit luxury condominium complex.Source: http://www.pump-zone.com/topics/motors/motors-drives-improve-high-rise-condo-efficiency
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Villa Magna Condos
• Replaced fixed speed pump motors with variable speed drives and motors
• Installed solar panels, heat pumps, energy efficient lighting and appliances
• Pumping system is now more reliable• Significant savings on electricity and water
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Villa Magna condos: VSDs
By using drives to control the domestic water system in the high-rise building, residents now have constant water pressure despite usage.
Ten-horsepower variable speed motors controlled by drives were selected for the system to maintain constant water pressure under different flow rates.
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Villa Magna condos: Results• Saving about $2,000 per month on their
water bill.• And have saved $24,000 on electricity
across the past year.
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Proximity Hotel, Greensboro, NC
http://www.proximityhotel.com/green.htm
• A LEED Platinum “green hotel”• Integrates 70+ sustainability
measures• U.S. Green Building Council
LEED ratings address six key areas of human & environmental health: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, indoor environmental quality, and innovation in design.
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Proximity Hotel• The Proximity uses 39.2% less energy
than a conventional hotel/restaurant by using ultra efficient materials and the latest construction technology.
• Energy efficiency measures include:– Variable speed kitchen hoods– Restaurant refrigerators run on geothermal– Otis Gen2 Regenerative Drive elevators– Daylight harvesting to conserve electric lights
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Bjerget House, St. Croix, USVI
• 182 year old historic property, including:• One three‐story main house,• One three‐floor east building, and• Three single‐story utility buildings• 10,000 sq. ft. in total
• Sources:• Steve Garner of TropiTech, Inc.• Nora Barger of SEEA / WISE.• http://www.seeawise.org/cities/us‐virgin‐
islands• http://stcroixsource.com/content/news/local‐
news/2012/06/12/bjerget‐house‐gets‐greener‐energy‐overhaul
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Bjerget House
• Under the WISE program, SEEA, VI Energy Office, US Viking Corp. & Quality Electric Supply implemented EE projects for:– HVAC improvements– Window Film improvements– Lighting improvements
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Bjerget House
• Annual Savings:• 161,080 kWh• $75,709• 3.05 years (for
simple payback)
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Little River Golf Course, CA• No electricity is used to move irrigation water
between our reservoirs and holding ponds. Gravity or siphons do the job for free
• A solar panel array (installed in 1999) provides 5%-10% of the electricity
• Lights are turned off in our maintenance shop when not occupied
• Irrigation is scheduled to maximize pump efficiency by running 8-10 sprinklers at a time
• Mowing frequencies are reduced whenever conditions allow conserving fuel and reducing pollution
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San Francisco International
• Optimization of the chilled water and heating hot water distribution systems and conversion to variable flow systems
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Equipment Changes
• Madera Valley, CA– Serves 1,600 customers
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Equipment Changes
• Valparaiso, IN– Serves 35,000 customers (not small system)
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Improve Energy Efficiency
• Has anyone in the room done this? Are you considering it?
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Use Less Water
• You can manage energy costs by managing water use. The less water you use, the less energy you use.
• For example, pumping water around your facility costs you electricity.
• If you were local governments, we’d be talking about leaky underground pipes.
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Use Less Water• Typical water use of a hotel:
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Proximity Hotel
• Water usage has been reduced by 33% by installing high-efficiency Kohler plumbing fixtures, saving two million gallons of water the first year.
• http://www.proximityhotel.com/green.htm
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Treasure Beach Hotel, Barbados• To reduce water use by 10%, the hotel
adopted the following measures.– Flow diverters and toilet dams.– Low flow showerheads and faucet aerators.– Sub meters for kitchen and irrigation.– Daily meter readings.– Water hoses fitted with control nozzles.– Drip irrigation system controlled by a timer and a
moisture probe.– Towel and linen reuse program.– http://www.caribbeanhotelandtourism.com/downloads/CHTAEF_WaterConservation.p
df
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Holiday Inn San Antonio International Airport, TX
• Bathrooms had 1981 fixtures before upgrade
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Holiday Inn San Antonio International Airport, TX
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Villa Magna Condos
• Frank Strachan, Villa Magna's building manager, is pleased with the results. “The work carried out by Bresnak Services is saving us approximately $2,000 a month on our water bill,” says Strachan.
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Use Less Water
• Typical water use of a school:
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Seffner, FL High School• Could save 4+ million gallons of
water/year, 22% of its annual water use– Low-flush toilets: 790 kgal and $6,100– Cooling adjustments: 60 kgal and $150– Irrigation changes: 3,100 kgal and $7,600
http://www.swfwmd.state.fl.us/conservation/waterwork/
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Use Less Water
• Typical water use of a restaurant:
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Certified Green Restaurants
• Uncommon Ground, Chicago, IL
• The Grey Plume, Omaha, NE
• Founding Farmers, Washington, DC
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Green Restaurant Measures
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Green Restaurant Measures
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Use Less Water• Typical water use of a supermarket:
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Nature’s Way Food Ltd., UK• Measures:
– Recycle 98% of waste water from factory process to irrigate crops
– Monitor all water use weekly– Waterless urinals in men’s restrooms
• Water consumption reduced by 25%• Annual savings of £37,000 ($55,000+)• http://www.environment-
agency.gov.uk/business/sectors/32759.aspx
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Boston Logan International Airport
• Frist LEED-certified airport terminal in the world in 2006
• Installed low-flow faucets and waterless urinals in bathrooms
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Little River Golf Course, CA• Hand watering dry spots before irrigation
system is used• Repairing leaks immediately (usually the
same day of discovery)• Replacing old leaking sprinklers with new
efficient heads• Daily monitoring of pond/reservoir levels to
prevent overflow loss as water is moved between them
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Little River Golf Course, CA• Turning off all sprinklers when moist
conditions prevail (sometimes 2-3 days at a time in this coastal location)
• Keeping mower cutting heights moderate (5/32-inch greens, ¾-inch fairways, 5/8-inch collars and approaches, 2-inch roughs)
• Aerifying all turf at least once a year (greens and tees twice or more)
• Applying granular wetting agent to hot spots at greens and tees
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San Francisco International
• Measures:– Installing low-flow and sensor-operated
restroom fixtures– Eliminating unnecessary hydrant flushing– Replacing ageing and leaking water
distribution pipes
• Water use down 14% to 12 gal/passenger
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Sydney International
• 56 percent of all water consumed at airport for restrooms and toilets
• 31 litres per passenger
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Sydney International
• Water Savings Action Plan (WSAP).:– Completion of an airport-wide leak detection
program– Installation of water-savings devices across
the airport– Installation of a sophisticated real-time water
demand monitoring system
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Use Less Water
• Has anyone in the room done this? Are you considering it?
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Water Reuse
• Find ways to re-use water for non-potable purposes
• Includes using non-potable water that has never been treated, such as collected rainwater
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Uncommon Ground, Chicago
• Restaurant collects rain water for rooftop drip irrigation garden, watering plants, and washing down patio area
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Little River Golf Course, CA
• Collect rain water in reservoirs and holding ponds for watering the golf course. – Gets enough rain over the winter to water
course year-round
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Sydney International
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Water Reuse Model for Bottling Facilities
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Water Reuse Model for Bottling Facilities
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Coca-Cola Bottling Plants
• Reducing water use in manufacturing and replenishing highly treated wastewater to environment
• Goal is 25 percent reduction by 2020 from 2010 baseline
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Coca-Cola Bottling Plants
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Water Reuse
• Has anyone in the room done this? Are you considering it?
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Solar Hot Water
• Regardless of water volume, heating water is energy intensive.
• Water can be heated by the sun, using solar thermal technology.
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Solar Hot Water
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Proximity Hotel
• The sun’s energy heats hot water with 100 solar panels covering the 4,000 square feet of rooftop (enough hot water for a hundred homes). This heats around 60% of the water for both the hotel and restaurant.
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Mount Victory Ecological Campground, St. Thomas, USVI
• http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/research/photovoltaics/vieo/dhw_stcroix/– Two solar water heating systems each
provide hot water to separate male and female shower facilities
– Installed as part of the US Virgin Island Energy Office (http://www.vienergy.org/) solar water heating program on the island of St. Thomas in March and April 2002.
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Mount Victory Ecological Campground, St. Thomas, USVI
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Camp Lejune, NC
• Solar hot water systems on 2,200 homes on the base (done in two phases)
• 20 percent less electricity used per house
• Paid for by FLS Energy, the installer, and their investors—no public funds (PPA)
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Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickman, HI
• Solar hot water systems on buildings with large hot water requirements– 2 visitors quarters, swimming pool, bachelors
quarters, bowling alley, others
• Will be completed in August 2013
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Solar Hot Water
• Has anyone in the room done this? Are you considering it?
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Renewable Electricity Generation
• Produce your own power on-site to offset the power you buy from the utility
• Ability to lock in lower rates over time with PPA (discussed later)
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Renewable Electricity Generation
• Solar photovoltaic panels.• Small-scale wind power.• Landfill gas projects?• Geothermal power?
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Biltmore Estate, NC• http://www.sunenergy1.com/projects‐biltmore.html
• 1.2 MW solar PV system, which provided 25% of their electricity use (net metering as well)
• Later expanded to 1.7 MW system (via PPA)
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Biltmore Estate, Asheville, NC
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Outer Banks Brewery Station, NC• Wind‐Powered Brewery (first in the USA)• http://www.obbrewing.com/about‐the‐pub/wind‐powered‐brewery/
• BWC Excel, 23’ diameter rotor, 80’ tower, 3 blade system, produces 10 kW at 31 mph wind
• Supplements their power and saves $150‐250 per month on electric bills.
• Wind turbine cost $50,000; 11 year payback. Will last for 30 years and has 10 year warranty.
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Outer Banks Brewery Station
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Chattanooga, TN Airport
• LEED-Platinum Corporate Flight Center
• Entire airport is powered by solar PV
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San Francisco International
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Energy Generation
• Keene, NH– Serves 5,100 customers– Water supply is at a higher elevation than the
treatment plant, resulting in head pressure– Harnesses excess pressure through a turbine
to generate more electricity than is needed to run the entire plant each year
– Cost savings $18,500 annually
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Comprehensive Approach
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Renewable Electricity Generation
• Has anyone in the room done this? Are you considering it?
Why We’re Here: Case Studies of Energy
Management PlanningGlenn BarnesEnvironmental Finance CenterUniversity of North Carolina919.962.2789glennbarnes@sog.unc.edu
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