2 Nutrition Guidelines

FGP illustrates the importance of balance among food groups in a daily eating pattern.

FGP encourages people to:› Choose most foods from the grain products

group, vegetable group and the fruit group.› Eat moderate amount of foods from the milk

group and the meat and bean group.› Choose sparingly foods that provide few

nutrients and are high in fats and sugars

RDA were designed to provide guidelines for the consumption of specific essential nutrients for different gender & age group and for reproductive conditions.

Recently the RDAs have been expanded into new DRIs levels.

The DRIs include:› RDAs› Estimate Average Requirements (EARs)› Adequate Intakes (AIs)› Tolerable Upper Intake Limit s (ULs)

RDA› Average daily dietary intake level that is

sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals within an age and gender group.

EAR Estimate Average Requirements› Nutrient intake value that is estimated to

meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in an age & gender group.

› The ear is used to set RDAs

AI Adequate Intakes› AIs are similar to RDAs and are set when

RDAs cannot be established because research knowledge is incomplete

UL Tolerable Upper Intake Limits› Intended to established safety ceiling for

nutrient intake for individuals who consume a nutrient in levels that exceed the RDA.

Measurement of the nutritional health of the body.

It can include anthropometrics measurements, biochemical tests, clinical observations & dietary intake, as well as medical histories & socioeconomic factors

Anthropometric Measurements› Physical measurements of the body such

as weight & height, head circumference, girth measurement or skin fold measurements

› E.g., Body Mass Index (BMI)

BMI = Weight (kg)Height (m) x Height (m)

Anthropometric Measurements (BMI)

Weight Classification BMI (kg/m2) Risk of comorbidities

Weight Classification BMI (kg/m2) Risk of comorbidities

Weight Classification BMI (kg/m2) Risk of comorbidities

Underweight < 18.5 Low

Normal Weight 18.5 – 24.9 Low

Overweight 25.0 – 29.9 Increased

Obesity Class 1 30.0 – 34.9 Moderate

Obesity Class 2 35.0 – 39.9 Severe

Obesity Class 3 > 40 Very Severe

Anthropometric Measurements (BMI)› E.g., Calculate the BMI of a Jessica Alba

who is weighing 80kg and 175cm in height?

BMI = WeightHeight x Height

= 80kg1.75 X 1.75

= 26 kg/m2 (Overweight)

Biochemical Tests› Assessment by measuring a nutrients or its

metabolite in one or more body fluids such as blood, urine & in feces.

› E.g low [albumin] indicates low protein intake Clinical Observation

› Assessment by evaluating the characteristics of well being that can be seen in a physical exams.

› E.g., Found cracking at the corners of the mouth› suggest riboflavin, B6 or niacin deficiency.

Dietary Intake› Diet History› Food Record› Food Frequency Questionnaire› 24 hour Recall