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17.10.03 No. 1 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Optical - Diffuse
Inductive
Reed switch
Inductive magnetic
Capacitive
Symbols
Connection
Optical – Through-beam
Optical – Retro-reflective
Proximity sensors
17.10.03 No. 2 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Type : Through-beam
Optical sensors (Through-beam)
17.10.03 No. 3 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Transmitter Receiver
Type : Through-beam
Optical sensors (Through-beam)
17.10.03 No. 4 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Transmitter Receiver
Type : Through-beam
Optical sensors (Through-beam)
17.10.03 No. 5 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Target
Optical sensors (Through-beam)
Type : Through-beam
Transmitter Receiver
17.10.03 No. 6 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Transmitter Receiver
Type : Through-beam
Optical sensors (Through-beam)
17.10.03 No. 8 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Transmitter Receiver
Type : Through-beam
Optical sensors (Through-beam)
17.10.03 No. 9 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Transmitter Receiver
Type : Through-beam
Optical sensors (Through-beam)
17.10.03 No. 10 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Transmitter Receiver
Type : Through-beam
Optical sensors (Through-beam)
17.10.03 No. 11 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Transmitter Receiver
Type : Through-beam
Optical sensors (Through-beam)
17.10.03 No. 12 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Transmitter Receiver
Type : Through-beam
Optical sensors (Through-beam)
17.10.03 No. 13 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Transmitter Receiver
Type : Through-beam
Optical sensors (Through-beam)
17.10.03 No. 14 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Target
Long sensing distance: up to 30 metres with some devices
Will detect all but very transparent materials
Must be accurately aligned
Transmitter Receiver
Type : Through-beam
Optical sensors (Through-beam)
17.10.03 No. 15 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
17.10.03 No. 16 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Reflector (prismatic)
T
R
Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective
Transmitter /Receiver
17.10.03 No. 17 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Reflector (prismatic)
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective
17.10.03 No. 18 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Reflector (prismatic)
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective
17.10.03 No. 19 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Reflector (prismatic)
Target
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective
17.10.03 No. 20 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Reflector (prismatic)
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective
17.10.03 No. 21 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Reflector (prismatic)
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective
17.10.03 No. 22 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Reflector (prismatic)
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective
17.10.03 No. 23 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Reflector (prismatic)
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective
17.10.03 No. 24 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Reflector (prismatic)
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective
17.10.03 No. 25 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Reflector (prismatic)
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective
17.10.03 No. 26 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Reflector (prismatic)
Sensing distance : 1/2 to 1/3 of through-beam type
Not suitable for reflective or transparent targets
Target should be larger than the reflector
T
R
Type : Retro reflective
Transmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
17.10.03 No. 27 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Type : Diffuse
Optical sensors (Diffuse)
17.10.03 No. 28 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Target
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse
17.10.03 No. 29 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse
17.10.03 No. 30 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse
17.10.03 No. 31 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse
17.10.03 No. 32 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse
17.10.03 No. 33 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
T
RTransmitter /Receiver
Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse
17.10.03 No. 34 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Transmitter /Receiver
Sensing distance: much less than reflex type, actual distance depends on colour and reflective nature of the surface
Larger targets result in longer sensing distances
Not suitable for dirty environments
T
R
Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse
17.10.03 No. 36 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Connection cable
LED indicator
Resonant circuit coil
Active surface
High frequency magnetic field(300 to 800 kHz)
Inductive sensors
17.10.03 No. 37 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Sensor
OscillationAmplitude
Sensor output signal
ON
OFF
Target
Inductive sensors
17.10.03 No. 38 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
ON
OFF
Target
Sensor
OscillationAmplitude
Sensor output signal
Inductive sensors
17.10.03 No. 39 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
ON
OFF
Target
Sensor
OscillationAmplitude
Sensor output signal
Inductive sensors
17.10.03 No. 40 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
ON
OFF
Target
Sensor
OscillationAmplitude
Sensor output signal
Inductive sensors
17.10.03 No. 41 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
ON
OFF
Target
Sensor
OscillationAmplitude
Sensor output signal
Inductive sensors
17.10.03 No. 42 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
ON
OFF
Target
Sensor
OscillationAmplitude
Sensor output signal
Inductive sensors
17.10.03 No. 43 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
ON
OFF
Target
Sensor
OscillationAmplitude
Sensor output signal
Inductive sensors
17.10.03 No. 44 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
ON
OFF
Target
Sensor
OscillationAmplitude
Sensor output signal
Inductive sensors
17.10.03 No. 45 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
ON
OFF
Target
Sensor
OscillationAmplitude
Sensor output signal
Inductive sensors
17.10.03 No. 46 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Will detect any conductive material
Quoted distances are for mild steel
Sensor performance can be affected by:
• Temperature
• Target material
• Target dimensions
Inductive sensors
17.10.03 No. 48 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Glass Tube filled with nitrogen
Reed contacts
LED indicator
Reed switch
17.10.03 No. 57 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided.
If positioned in mid stroke, switching point will vary depending on direction of approach.
Maximum current must be limited to avoid burning of the reed contacts.
Reed switch
17.10.03 No. 59 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Connection cable
LED Indicator
Resonant circuit coil
High frequency magnetic field
Inductive magnetic sensor
17.10.03 No. 66 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Inductive principle of operation - but only reacts to magnetic fields
Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided.
Solid state device - higher switching frequency - 1kHz
Inductive magnetic sensor
17.10.03 No. 68 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Connection cable
Adjusting screw
LED indicator
Active surface
Active electrode
Earth electrode
Electrostatic fieldSensor is looking for a change in capacitance in the active field
Capacitive sensor
17.10.03 No. 73 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Detects any material denser than air (as long as there is enough of it)
Can be adjusted for sensitivity
Can be affected by dusty environments
Capacitive sensor
17.10.03 No. 74 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Sensor is adjusted so that it does not ‘see’ the wall of the vessel.
Capacitive sensor
17.10.03 No. 75 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
As the level rises the fluid affects the sensor field.
Capacitive sensor
17.10.03 No. 76 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Until the sensor switches.
Capacitive sensor
17.10.03 No. 78 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
+ 18 to 30 Volts DC.
0 V
Output
Inductive
Capacitive
Optical
Magnetic
Ultrasonic
Normally open
Normally closed
Sensor symbols
17.10.03 No. 79 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
+ 18 to 30 Volts DC.
0 V
Capacitive Sensor with Normally open function
Output
Sensor symbols
17.10.03 No. 81 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
+ 18 to 30 Volts DC
0 V
Output
24v DC
0v
PNP Type
• Output is Positive
• Positive switching
Sensor connection
17.10.03 No. 82 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
NPN Type
• Output switches through to 0v
• Negative switching
+ 18 to 30 Volts DC
0 V
Output
24v DC
0v
Sensor connection
17.10.03 No. 84 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
+ 18 to 30 Volts DC.
0 V
Output
Inductive
Capacitive
Optical
Magnetic
Ultrasonic
Normally open
Normally closed
Sensor connection
17.10.03 No. 85 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Will detect any conductive material
Quoted distances are for mild steel
Sensor performance can be affected by:-
• Temperature
• Target material
• Target dimensions.
ON
OFF
Target
Sensor
OscillationAmplitude
Sensor output signal
Inductive sensor
17.10.03 No. 86 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Detects any material denser than air.(as long as there is enough of it)
Can be adjusted for sensitivity
Can be affected by dusty environments
Capacitive sensor
17.10.03 No. 87 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Target
Type: Through-beam
Long sensing distance : up to 30 metres with some devices
Will detect all but very transparent materials
Must be accurately aligned
Transmitter Receiver
Optical sensors
17.10.03 No. 88 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Transmitter / Receiver Reflector (prismatic)
Type: Retro-reflective
Sensing distance : 1/2 to 1/3 of through-beam type.
Not suitable for reflective or transparent targets
Target should be larger than the reflector
T
R
Optical sensors
17.10.03 No. 89 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Transmitter / Receiver
Type : Diffuse
Sensing distance : much less than reflex type, actual distance depends on colour and reflective nature of the surface
Larger targets result in longer sensing distances
Not suitable for dirty environments
T
R
Optical sensors
17.10.03 No. 90 / 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors
Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided.
If positioned in mid stroke, switching point will vary depending on direction of approach.
Maximum current must be limited to avoid burning of the reed contacts.
Reed switch
Recommended