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16.116.1 Primate Primate EvolutionEvolution
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Write your name without Write your name without using your thumbs!using your thumbs!
Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution
1871 Darwin said there might be a 1871 Darwin said there might be a link between monkeys, apes and link between monkeys, apes and humanshumans
Today scientists study living Today scientists study living primates and fossils to learn about primates and fossils to learn about primate evolutionprimate evolution
Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution
A primate is a group of mammals A primate is a group of mammals that includes lemurs, monkeys, apes that includes lemurs, monkeys, apes and humansand humans
Vervet
Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution
Primate featuresPrimate features Opposable thumbs – allows primates to Opposable thumbs – allows primates to
grasp grasp Large brain volume, round head and flat Large brain volume, round head and flat
faceface Strong vision, binocular visionStrong vision, binocular vision Flexible arm movement – for moving in treesFlexible arm movement – for moving in trees Flexible joints – allow for wide range of Flexible joints – allow for wide range of
motionmotion Feet that can grasp objects Feet that can grasp objects
Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution
Primate featuresPrimate features Opposable thumbsOpposable thumbs Large brain volumeLarge brain volume Strong vision, binocular visionStrong vision, binocular vision Flexible arm movementFlexible arm movement Flexible jointsFlexible joints Feet that can grasp objects Feet that can grasp objects
Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution
Similarities tell us primates share Similarities tell us primates share evolutionary historyevolutionary history
Evidence = anatomy, geneticsEvidence = anatomy, genetics
Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution
ProsimiansProsimians lemurs, aye-ayes, tarsierslemurs, aye-ayes, tarsiers Small bodies, large eyes, nocturnalSmall bodies, large eyes, nocturnal Live in tropical forests and eat insects, Live in tropical forests and eat insects,
seeds, fruitseeds, fruit First fossils 50-55 million years old First fossils 50-55 million years old
Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution
AnthropoidsAnthropoids Monkeys, hominoids (apes and humans)Monkeys, hominoids (apes and humans) Larger bodies, more complex brains Larger bodies, more complex brains
than prosimiansthan prosimians
Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution
AnthropoidsAnthropoids Monkeys Monkeys
New World MonkeysNew World Monkeys Old World MonkeysOld World Monkeys
Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution
AnthropoidsAnthropoids Monkeys Monkeys
New World MonkeysNew World Monkeys South and Central AmericaSouth and Central America Arboreal – live in treesArboreal – live in trees Prehensile tail – can gripPrehensile tail – can grip Marmosets and spider monkeysMarmosets and spider monkeys
Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution
AnthropoidsAnthropoids Monkeys Monkeys
Old World MonkeysOld World Monkeys Africa to JapanAfrica to Japan Some live in trees, some on landSome live in trees, some on land Tail not prehensile, larger than NWM Tail not prehensile, larger than NWM Colobus monkeys and baboonsColobus monkeys and baboons
Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution
AnthropoidsAnthropoids Monkeys Monkeys
New World MonkeysNew World Monkeys Old World MonkeysOld World Monkeys
Hominoids Hominoids ApesApes HumansHumans
Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution
AnthropoidsAnthropoids Monkeys Monkeys
New World MonkeysNew World Monkeys Old World MonkeysOld World Monkeys
Hominoids Hominoids ApesApes
No tails, muscular arms for tree climbingNo tails, muscular arms for tree climbing Social groups, long term parental careSocial groups, long term parental care Gibbons, orangutans, chimpanzees, Gibbons, orangutans, chimpanzees,
gorillasgorillas HumansHumans
Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution
AnthropoidsAnthropoids Monkeys Monkeys
New World MonkeysNew World Monkeys Old World MonkeysOld World Monkeys
Hominoids Hominoids ApesApes HumansHumans
Walk uprightWalk upright Larger brainLarger brain
Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution
AnthropoidsAnthropoids Evolved worldwideEvolved worldwide
New World monkeys – 30 – 35 million years New World monkeys – 30 – 35 million years agoago
Old World Monkeys – 20 – 22 million years Old World Monkeys – 20 – 22 million years agoago
Hominoids - gibbons, then orangutans, Hominoids - gibbons, then orangutans, then chimps and gorillas, then then chimps and gorillas, then
humanshumans
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