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WAVE BEHAVIOURTOPIC 13 : GENERAL WAVE PROPERTIES

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WAVE BEHAVIOURSimple wave behaviour can be observed using a

Ripple Tank

Ripple Tank

Avibratingdipper,shallowglass-bottomedtray,

alightsourcedirectlyoverthetrayanda

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WAVE BEHAVIOURRipple Tanks can create:

Plane Wavefronts Circular Wavefronts

These wavefronts are used to observe wave behaviours.

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WAVE BEHAVIOURAny wave can behave in the following ways:

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REFLECTION OF WAVESWhen a wave hits a solid barrier / obstacle it will be

bounced outwards in the opposite direction.

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REFLECTION OF WAVESFocus : Reflection of plane waves on straight barriers.

Wavefrontshitting at an angle

Wavefronts hittingstraight on

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFLECTED

WAVESDraw the line representing the direction of

wave travel 90 degrees to the wavefronts

and hitting the reflecting surface.

Incident

Wavefronts

Incident Point PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFLECTED

WAVES

Use the protractor to create a normal line

at the incident point.

Incident Point

Normal

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFLECTED

WAVES

Use the protractor to measure

the angle between the normal

and the incident line.

Angle

Normal

Incident Line C

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFLECTED

WAVES

This angle is known

as the incident angle

or angle of incidence

Angle

Normal

Incident Line C

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFLECTED

WAVES

AngleNormal

Incident Line

Use the protractor to measure put and mark the same sizeangle at

the incident point but away the from the normal.

Incident Point

C

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFLECTED

WAVES

ReflectedLineNormal

Incident Line

C

Angle

This angle between thenormal and the reflected

line is known as the

reflected angle or angle of

reflection

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFLECTED

WAVES

Use a ruler to measure the distance between one wavefront to the

next immediate wavefront. This is the wavelength.

Wavelength

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFLECTED

WAVES

Mark these wavelengths consecutively on the reflected line starting

from the incident point.

Incident PointPreparedbyCg

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFLECTED

WAVES

Draw straight lines 90degrees to the reflected

line, on the wavelength

marks to construct the

reflected wavefronts.

ReflectedWavefronts

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REFLECTED WAVES

Angle of

Incidence

Angle of

Reflection=

Wavelength remains constant

Speed remains constant

Frequency remains constant

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REFRACTION OF WAVESThe change in the direction of the wave as they move

from one medium to another.

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REFRACTION OF WAVESThe depth of the medium / substance the waves pass

through will also affect the waves.

Water @depth A

Water @depth B

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVESWavefronts will be affected as follows when moving

from deep area to shallow area.

ShallowDeep

The wavefronts passes through the different depths straight on.

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVESWavefronts will be affected as follows when moving

from deep area to shallow area.

ShallowDeepWavelength

longerin deep area

Wavelength

shorterin shallow area

The wavelengthdecreases as it moves from deep to shallow area.

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVESWavefronts will be affected as follows when moving

from deep area to shallow area.

ShallowDeepSpeed

fasterin deep area

Speed

slowerin shallow area

The speeddecreases as it moves from deep to shallow area.

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVESWavefronts will be affected as follows when moving

from deep area to shallow area.

ShallowDeep

The wavefronts passes through the different depths at an angle.

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVES

Describe the visible changes found here!

ShallowDeep

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVES

Direction of wave travel changes !

Deep

Shallow

Wave path is refracted towards the normal line.

Refracted wave path

Original wave path

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVES

Wavelength also changes !

Incident wavelength is longer than the refracted wavelength

Deep

Shallow

Refracted wavelength

Incident wavelength

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVESWavefronts will be affected as follows when moving

from deep area to shallow area.

Deep

ShallowWave path is refracted

towards the normal.

Thewavelengthdecreases.

Thespeeddecreases.

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVESWavefronts will be affected as follows when moving

from shallow area to deep area.

DeepShallow

The wavefronts passes through the different depths straight on.

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVESWavefronts will be affected as follows when moving

from shallow area to deep area.

DeepShallowWavelength

longerin deep area

Wavelength

shorter

in shallow area

The wavelength increases as it moves from shallow to deep area.

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVESWavefronts will be affected as follows when moving

from shallow area to deep area.

DeepShallow

The wavefronts passes through the different depths at an angle.

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVESDirection of wave travel changes !

Deep

Shallow

Wave path is refracted away from the normal line.

Refracted wave path

Original wave path

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVES

Deep

Shallow

Incident wavelength is smaller than the refracted wavelength

Refracted wavelength

Incident wavelength

Wavelength also changes !

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVESWavefronts will be affected as follows when moving

from shallow area to deep area.

Deep

Shallow

Wave path is refracted

away from the normal.

Thewavelengthincreases.

Thespeedincreases.

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFRACTED WAVES

Deep

Shallow

Plane wave passing

through straight on.

Scenario A Scenario B

Plane wave passing

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFRACTED WAVES

Draw the line representingthe direction of wave travel

90 degrees to the wavefronts

and hitting the surface.

Deep

Shallow

Scenario A

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFRACTED WAVES

Use a ruler to measure the

distance between one

wavefront to the next

immediate wavefront.

This is the wavelength.

Wavelength

Deep

Shallow

Scenario A

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFRACTED WAVES

Wavelength

Deep

Shallow

Shallow to Deep : TheWavelengthincreases.

Longer

WavelengthCreate longer wavelengths

for wavefronts in deep area

Scenario A

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFRACTED WAVES

Deep

Shallow

Markthese new longer wavelengths consecutively on the line of

travel starting from the incident point.

Incident Point

Scenario A

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFRACTED WAVES

Deep

Shallow

Draw straight lines 90 degrees to the line of travel, on the

wavelength marks to construct the refracted wavefronts.

Scenario A

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFRACTED WAVES

Deep

Shallow

Scenario B

Plane wave passing

through at an angle. PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFRACTED WAVES

DeepShallow

Scenario B

Shallow to Deep : Wave path is refracted away from the normal.

Create the refracted wave path

from the point of incident.

IncidentPoint

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFRACTED WAVES

DeepShallow

Scenario B

Shallow to Deep : TheWavelengthincreases.

Wavelength

Longer

WavelengthCreate longer wavelengths

for wavefronts in deep area

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFRACTED WAVES

DeepShallow

Scenario B

Markthese new longer wavelengths consecutively on the line of

travel starting from the incident point.

IncidentPoint

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CONSTRUCTION OF REFRACTED WAVES

DeepShallow

Scenario B

Draw straight lines 90 degrees to the line of travel, on the

wavelength marks to construct the refracted wavefronts.

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C O O S

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVESWavefronts will be affected as follows when moving

from shallow area to deep area.

Deep

Shallow

Wave path is refracted

away from the normal.

Thewavelengthincreases.

Thespeedincreases.

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49Monday, February 21, 2011

REFRACTION OF WATER WAVES

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REFRACTION OF WATER WAVESWavefronts will be affected as follows when moving

from deep area to shallow area.

Deep

ShallowWave path is refracted

towards the normal.

Thewavelengthdecreases.

Thespeeddecreases.

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SUMMARY OF WAVE BEHAVIOUR

Wavelength

Speed

REFLECTION REFRACTION

Wavelength

Speed

Direction

Angle ofIncidence

Angle ofReflection=

INCREASE /

DECREASECONSTANT

TOWARDS / AWAYFROM NORMAL

DEPENDS ON DEPTH OF MEDIUM

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