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8/8/2019 12892558 the Gross Appearance of Spinal Cordlec by Emma
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THE GROSSTHE GROSS
APPEARANCE OF APPEARANCE OF
SPINAL CORDSPINAL CORD
Lecturer: Emmaruth B. Bautista,Lecturer: Emmaruth B. Bautista,PTRPPTRP
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EXTERNALEXTERNAL ANATOMY ANATOMY
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External AnatomyExternal Anatomy
Length: 42Length: 42--45 cm45 cm
Roughly cylindricalRoughly cylindrical
Superiorly: foramen magnumSuperiorly: foramen magnum Inferiorly: adult Inferiorly: adult-- lower border of 1lower border of 1st st
vertebravertebra
Young child: upper border of 3 Young child: upper border of 3rdrd lumbarlumbar
vertebravertebra Occupies upper 2/3 of vertebral canalOccupies upper 2/3 of vertebral canal
Covered by 3 meninges ( PAD )Covered by 3 meninges ( PAD )
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EnlargementsEnlargements
Fusiformly enlarged:Fusiformly enlarged:
Cervical enlargement Cervical enlargement
BRACHIAL PLEXUSBRACHIAL PLEXUS
Lumbar enlargement Lumbar enlargement
LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUSLUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS
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CSFCSF-- further protects SCfurther protects SC
Subarachnoid spaceSubarachnoid space CONUS MEDULLARISCONUS MEDULLARIS-- tapered end of SCtapered end of SC
FILUM TERMINALEFILUM TERMINALE-- prolongation of piaprolongation of pia
matermater Descends to attach to the posterior surface of Descends to attach to the posterior surface of
coccyxcoccyx
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SegmentsSegments
CervicalCervical
ThoracicThoracic
LumbarLumbar SacralSacral
CoccygealCoccygeal
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Longitudinal DivisionsLongitudinal Divisions
Anterior median fissure Anterior median fissure
Posterior median sulcusPosterior median sulcus
Ventrolateral sulcus Ventrolateral sulcus Dorsal lateral sulcusDorsal lateral sulcus
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Spinal roots and NervesSpinal roots and Nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves.31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Ventral root: MOTOR ROOTS Ventral root: MOTOR ROOTS Dorsal root: SENSORY ROOTSDorsal root: SENSORY ROOTS
DORSAL ROOT GANGLIONDORSAL ROOT GANGLION
Gives rise to peripheral & central nerve fibersGives rise to peripheral & central nerve fibers
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Ventral Root Ventral Root
Biceps Biceps -- C5/6C5/6
Brachioradialis Brachioradialis -- C5/6C5/6
Triceps Triceps -- C7 (C6C7 (C6--8)8) Finger flexors Finger flexors -- C8 (C7C8 (C7--T1)T1)
Knee Knee -- L3 (L2L3 (L2--L4)L4)
Ankle Ankle -- S1 (L5S1 (L5--S2)S2)
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Dorsal Root Dorsal Root Clinically important dermatomes Clinically important dermatomes C2 and C3C2 and C3 -- Posterior head and neck Posterior head and neck C4 and T2C4 and T2 -- Adjacent to each other in the upper Adjacent to each other in the upper thorax thorax
Nipple Nipple -- T4 or T5T4 or T5
Umbilicus Umbilicus -- T10T10 Upper extremity Upper extremity
C5C5 -- Anterior shoulder Anterior shoulder C6C6 -- Thumb Thumb
C7C7 -- Index and middle fingers Index and middle fingers
C 7/8C 7/8 -- Ring finger Ring finger C8C8 -- Little finger Little finger T1T1 -- Inner forearm Inner forearm
T2T2 -- Upper inner arm Upper inner arm
T2/3T2/3 -- Axilla Axilla
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Branches of Spinal NervesBranches of Spinal Nerves
Posterior primary division.Posterior primary division.
Anterior primary division. Anterior primary division.
Rami communicantes.Rami communicantes. Recurrent meningeal branches.Recurrent meningeal branches.
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INTERNALINTERNAL ANATOMY ANATOMY
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Gray MatterGray Matter
HH--shaped pillarshaped pillar
HORNHORN--each arm of the Heach arm of the H
resulting in two anterior horns and tworesulting in two anterior horns and twoposterior horns.posterior horns.
gray commissuregray commissure-- The connecting middleThe connecting middle
portion is calledportion is called Related to the amount of muscleRelated to the amount of muscle
innervated at the level.innervated at the level.
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The gray matter can be divided into 10The gray matter can be divided into 10laminae/layers or into 4 parts:laminae/layers or into 4 parts:
anterior or ventral horn (ie, motoranterior or ventral horn (ie, motorneurons; laminae VIII, IX, and part of neurons; laminae VIII, IX, and part of
VII), VII),
posterior or dorsal horn (ie, sensory part;posterior or dorsal horn (ie, sensory part;laminae Ilaminae I--VI), intermediate zones (ie, VI), intermediate zones (ie,associate neurons; lamina VII), and lateralassociate neurons; lamina VII), and lateralhorns (ie, part of the intermediate zone,horns (ie, part of the intermediate zone,
present in the thoracic and lumbarpresent in the thoracic and lumbarsegments, where sympathetic neurons aresegments, where sympathetic neurons arelocated).located).
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White MatterWhite Matter
Divisions:Divisions:
Anterior column Anterior column
Posterior columnPosterior column Lateral columnLateral column
Consists of a mixture of nerves, neuroglia,Consists of a mixture of nerves, neuroglia,and blood vessels.and blood vessels.
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Anterior Column Anterior Column
Contains alpha and gamma motorContains alpha and gamma motorneurons.neurons.
3 groups:3 groups:GROUPGROUP
MedialMedial
CentralCentral
LateralLateral
INNERVATIONINNERVATION
Mm of trunk, neck, abdomenMm of trunk, neck, abdomen& intercostals& intercostals
Phrenic, accessory, &Phrenic, accessory, &lumbosacrallumbosacral
Mm of the limbsMm of the limbs
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Substantia GelatinosaSubstantia Gelatinosa
Located at apex of posterior gray columnLocated at apex of posterior gray column
Pain & temperaturePain & temperature
Great amount of Substance PGreat amount of Substance P
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Nucleus PropriusNucleus Proprius
Anterior to the substantia gelatinosa. Anterior to the substantia gelatinosa.
Main bulk of posterior column.Main bulk of posterior column.
Receives from posterior WHITE column.Receives from posterior WHITE column. PROPRIOCEPTION, 2 PT.PROPRIOCEPTION, 2 PT.
DISCRIMINATION, VIBRATIONDISCRIMINATION, VIBRATION
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Nucleus DorsalisNucleus Dorsalis
Clarks ColumnClarks Column
Base of the posterior gray columnBase of the posterior gray column
From C8From C8--L4 segment L4 segment Propioceptive endingsPropioceptive endings
( mm spindle & tendon spindle )( mm spindle & tendon spindle )
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Visceral Afferent Nucleus Visceral Afferent Nucleus
Lateral to the nucleus dorsalis.Lateral to the nucleus dorsalis.
From T1From T1--L3 segments.L3 segments.
Receives visual afferent information.Receives visual afferent information.
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LaminaeLaminaeLaminaLamina DescriptionDescription
II Responds to noxious stimuliResponds to noxious stimuli
IIII SG; High concentrations of Substance P.SG; High concentrations of Substance P.
III & IVIII & IV Nucleus PropriusNucleus Proprius
V V Responds to noxious stimuliResponds to noxious stimuli
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LaminaeLaminae
VI VI Deepest layer of the dorsal horn; respondsDeepest layer of the dorsal horn; respondsto mechanical signals from joints & skinto mechanical signals from joints & skin
VII VII Anterior & posterior column; Anterior & posterior column;intermediolateral nucleus in the thoracic &intermediolateral nucleus in the thoracic &upper lumbar regionsupper lumbar regions
VIII & VIII &
IX IX
Medial & lateral nuclei of the anteriorMedial & lateral nuclei of the anterior
columncolumn
X X Around the central canal Around the central canal
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