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How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis? Are they haploid or
diploid?
Two diploid cells
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the middle
of the cell?
Metaphase
How many chromosomes do humans have in their body cells?
46 or 23 pairs
When does a cell copy its DNA? Be specific.
S-phase of interphase
What kind of cells are made from mitosis?
Somatic (body) cells
What happens when the cell cycle is not regulated (out of control)?
Cancer
What is the term used to describe a cell that has TWO sets of
chromosomes (one from mom and one from dad)?
Diploid (2n)
What is the term used to describe cells that have just ONE set of
chromosomes?
Haploid (n)
Name the phases of mitosis in order.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
During which phase of mitosis does chromatin condense into
chromosomes?
prophase
During which phase of mitosis do spindle fibers pull sister
chromatids apart?
anaphase
What is the process when the parent cell is cleaved into two new
daughter cells?
cytokinesis
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope begin to
reappear?
Telophase
What is the phase where cell growth occurs?
G1 and G2 of interphase
Meiosis
What is the process in which gametes are produced?
What phase is represented by the picture?
Prophase
What phase is represented in the picture?
Metaphase
What phase is represented in the picture?
Anaphase
What phase is represented by the picture?
Telophase
How many cell divisions are involved in meiosis?
2
What are the organelles that produce spindle fibers?
Centrioles
When does the process of crossing-over occur?
Prophase 1
Why does crossing-over occur?
To increase genetic diversity
During what process of meiosis do homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?
Metaphase 1
At the end of meiosis 1 how many cells are produced?
2
During which phase of meiosis are sister chromatids pulled apart?
Anaphase 2
During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes get
separated?
Anaphase 1
If a cell begins meiosis with 34 chromosomes, how many will the
resulting four cells have?
17
What is a karyotype?
A picture of an organism’s chromosomes in a mitotic cell
What are all chromosomes besides sex chromosomes referred to as?
Autosomes
What are a male’s sex chromosomes?
XY
What are a female’s sex chromosomes?
XX
What two things can be determine by analyzing a karyotype?
Gender and genetic disorders
What is the structure that holds sister chromatids together?
Centromere
What genetic disorder is shown in this karyotype?
Down Syndrome
What is Turner Syndrome?
When a female is missing one of her X chromosomes
What is Klinefelter Syndrome?
When a male has an extra X chromosome
If an organisms diploid cells have 30 chromosomes, how many
chromosomes would be in it’s sex cell?
15
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
Interphase
What is the longest phase of mitosis?
Prophase
What is spermatogenesis?
The production of sperm cells
What is oogenesis?
The production of egg cells
What is the purpose of mitosis?
To produce more body cells
What is the purpose of meiosis?
To produce sex cells
Describe cytokinesis in plant cells.
Cell plate forms midway between the divided nuclei
What phase of meiosis does the picture represent?
Anaphase 1
What phase of meiosis does the picture represent?
Metaphase 1
How many cells are produced from meiosis? Are they haploid or
diploid?
Four haploid cells
What phase of meiosis is represented in the picture?
Telophase 2
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