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12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
Multi-model assessment of mercury cycling in the atmosphere
Oleg Travnikov, Johannes Bieser, Ashu Dastoor, Carey Friedman, Ian Hedgecock, Volker Matthias, Andrew Ryzhkov, Noelle Selin,
Francesco De Simone, Shaojie Song, Xin Yang
Environment Canada
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
GMOS Mercury Modelling Task Force
Hg processes in the atmosphere
Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS)
Objectives:
• Multi-model study of Hg emissions and atmospheric processes
• Assessment of Hg intercontinental transport and future scenarios
• Evaluation of model performance using GMOS measurement data Aircraft measurements
RV Urania
Marine cruisesGround-based sites
Hg measurements within GMOS
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
Base run
• Simulation with the state-of-the-art model configuration (BASE)
MMTF model experiments
Emission effects
• Model run with no anthropogenic emissions (NOANT)
• Modified speciation of Hg anthropogenic emissions (ANTSPEC)
• Unified natural/secondary emissions (COMNAT)
• Improved emissions base on inverse modelling (INVEMI)Atmospheric chemistry
• Model run with no atmospheric chemistry (NOCHEM)
• Simulation with Br oxidation chemistry with two different sets of Br air concentration (BRCHEM1 and BRCHEM2)
• Simulation with OH - initiated oxidation chemistry (OHCHEM)
• Simulation with O3 - initiated oxidation chemistry
(O3CHEM)
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
MMTF model experimentsSource region apportionment
• Evaluation of Hg dispersion from 14 major source regions (Europe, North America, East Asia, South Asia etc.)
Emission sectors apportionment
• Evaluation of Hg dispersion from 3 groups of emission sectors (stationary combustion, industrial sources, intentional use)
Study setup
Anthropogenic emissions: AMAP/UNEP inventory for 2010
Natural/legacy emissions: Model specific
Target year: 2013
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
Participating chemical transport models (CTM):
Model Scale Institution
GLEMOS global/regional EMEP/MSC-E
ECHMERIT global CNR-IIA (Italy)
GEM-MACH-Hg
global Environment Canada
GEOS-Chem global MIT (USA)
CMAQ-Hg regional HZG (Germany)
WRF-Chem regional CNR-IIA (Italy)
p-TOMCAT global Cambridge (UK)
GMOS Mercury Modelling Task Force
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
Participating chemical transport models (CTM):
Model Scale Institution
GLEMOS global/regional EMEP/MSC-E
ECHMERIT global CNR-IIA (Italy)
GEM-MACH-Hg
global Environment Canada
GEOS-Chem global MIT (USA)
CMAQ-Hg regional HZG (Germany)
WRF-Chem regional CNR-IIA (Italy)
p-TOMCAT global Cambridge (UK)
GMOS Mercury Modelling Task Force
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
Location of monitoring sites
Measurement data
Monitoring networks:
• Global GMOS network for Hg
• Regional Hg networks (EMEP, NADP/MDN)
• Regional Hg networks (AMNet, NAtChem)
GMOS partners:
Measurement data used for the analysis (2013)
GEM/TGM in air (28 sites)
Wet deposition (135 sites)
GEM, GOM, PBM in air (11 sites)
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
Model experiments: BASE run
GLEMOS GEOS-Chem
GEM-MACH-Hg ECHMERIT
Hg0 air concentration (2013)
0.6 1 2 30.6
1
2
3
Mod
el, n
g/m
3
Observed, ng/m3
0.6 1 2 30.6
1
2
3
Mod
el, n
g/m
3
Observed, ng/m3
0.6 1 2 30.6
1
2
3
Mod
el, n
g/m
3
Observed, ng/m3
0.6 1 2 30.6
1
2
3
Mod
el, n
g/m
3
Observed, ng/m3
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
GLEMOS GEOS-Chem
GEM-MACH-Hg ECHMERIT
Model experiments: BASE runHg wet deposition (2013)
2 10 1002
10
100
Mod
el, n
g/m
2 /day
Observed, ng/m2/day
2 10 1002
10
100
Mod
el, n
g/m
2 /day
Observed, ng/m2/day
2 10 1002
10
100
Mod
el, n
g/m
2 /day
Observed, ng/m2/day
2 10 1002
10
100
Mod
el, n
g/m
2 /day
Observed, ng/m2/day
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
Inter-hemispheric gradient
GLEMOS GEOS-Chem
GEM-MACH-Hg ECHMERIT
Zonal-mean distribution of Hg0 concentration
0.5
1.0
1.5
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90Latitude
Nor
ma
lize
d G
EM
0.5
1.0
1.5
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90Latitude
Nor
ma
lize
d G
EM
0.5
1.0
1.5
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90Latitude
Nor
ma
lize
d G
EM
0.5
1.0
1.5
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90Latitude
Nor
ma
lize
d G
EM
BASE run No chemistryNo anthrop. emissionMeasurements
The inter-hemispheric gradient of Hg concentration is largely
defined by atmospheric chemistry and natural/legacy
emissions
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
Inter-hemispheric gradient
Hg + Br (1) Hg + O3Hg + OHMeasurements
0.5
1.0
1.5
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90Latitude
Nor
ma
lize
d G
EM
0.5
1.0
1.5
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90Latitude
Nor
ma
lize
d G
EM
0.5
1.0
1.5
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90Latitude
Nor
ma
lize
d G
EM
0.5
1.0
1.5
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90Latitude
Nor
ma
lize
d G
EM
Hg + Br (2)
GLEMOS GEOS-Chem
GEM-MACH-Hg ECHMERIT
Zonal-mean distribution of Hg0 concentration
1
10
100
1000
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90Latitude
Br
con
cent
ratio
n, p
pq Br concentration
GEOS-Chem
p-TOMCAT
Both Br and OH chemistry allows reproducing inter-
hemispheric gradient. Available data on Br air concentration is
highly uncertain
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
Inter-hemispheric gradient
0
1
2
3
4
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90Latitude
Nor
ma
lize
d w
et
de
posi
tion
0
1
2
3
4
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90Latitude
Nor
ma
lize
d w
et
de
posi
tion
0
1
2
3
4
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90Latitude
Nor
ma
lize
d w
et
de
posi
tion
GLEMOS GEOS-Chem
GEM-MACH-Hg
Zonal-mean distribution of Hg wet deposition
Hg + Br (1) Hg + O3Hg + OHMeasurements
Precipitation
Br and OH/O3 mechanisms produce significantly different
distributions of wet deposition in ITCZ and Southern
Hemisphere. More measurements are needed in these regions
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
Seasonal variationMean seasonal variation of Hg wet deposition (Europe)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Nor
ma
lize
d w
et
de
posi
tion
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Nor
ma
lize
d w
et
de
posi
tion
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Nor
ma
lize
d w
et
de
posi
tion
GLEMOS GEOS-Chem
GEM-MACH-Hg
BASE run No chemistryNo anthrop. emissionMeasurements
Seasonal variation of Hg wet deposition in Europe is mostly
defined by oxidation chemistry
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Nor
ma
lize
d w
et
de
posi
tion
Seasonal variation
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Nor
ma
lize
d w
et
de
posi
tion
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Nor
ma
lize
d w
et
de
posi
tion
GLEMOS GEOS-Chem
GEM-MACH-Hg
Hg + Br (1) Hg + O3Hg + OHMeasurements Hg + Br (2)
Mean seasonal variation of Hg wet deposition (Europe)
OH-initiated chemistry better reproduces seasonal cycle of wet
deposition in Europe
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
Source apportionment
Source/receptor regions
Europe AfricaMiddle East
North AmericaCentral AmericaSouth America
South AsiaEast AsiaSoutheast AsiaAustralia and NZ
CIS countries
Antarctica
Arctic
Europe
Australia and NZ
Africa
Arctic
South America
South Asia
Middle East
North America
East Asia
Source apportionment of Hg anthropogenic deposition
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
Update of modelling results in GMA 2013
Available online: http://www.amap.no/documents/doc/global-mercury-modelling-update-of-modelling-results-in-the-global-mercury-assessment-2013/1218
Published by UNEP & AMAP
Contents:
• Global patterns of mercury air concentration and deposition
• Estimates of mercury intercontinental transport
• Mercury deposition from different emission sectors
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
Preliminary conclusions
• The inter-hemispheric gradient of Hg0 concentration is largely defined by atmospheric chemistry and natural/legacy emissions
• Both Br and OH chemistry allows reproducing inter-hemispheric gradient of Hg0. However, available data on Br air concentration is highly uncertain
• Br and OH/O3 mechanisms produce significantly different
distributions of wet deposition in ITCZ and Southern Hemisphere. More measurements are needed in these regions
• Seasonal variation of Hg wet deposition in Europe is mostly defined by oxidation chemistry
• OH-initiated chemistry better reproduces seasonal cycle of wet deposition in Europe
12th ICMGP, Jeju, Korea, 2015
Further plans
• Involve speciated Hg measurements to evaluate GOM and PBM concentrations
• Use highly temporally resolved (hourly) data to analyze diurnal variation of GEM, GOM and PBM concentration
• Utilize the CARIBIC data to evaluate TGM distribution in upper troposphere
• Provide open access to the MMTF model simulations data through the GMOS Spatial Data Infostructure
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