1.1 What is Chemistry Objectives Define Chemistry Differentiate between microscopic and macroscopic...

1.1 What is Chemistry

Objectives• Define Chemistry• Differentiate between microscopic and

macroscopic• Know the relationship between pure and

applied chemistry• ID and describe the 5 primary disciplines of

chemistry• Real World

1.2 The Scientific MethodObjectives• Describe how the Renaissance period in

history changed the approach to science.• Identify the steps of the scientific method.• Differentiate between the independent

variable and the dependent variable in an experiment.• Differentiate between Scientific Theory and

Scientific law

1.3 The International System of Units

Objectives: • Identify the seven base units of the International

System of Units.• Know the commonly used metric prefixes.• Use scientific notation to express large and small

numbers.• Distinguish between mass and weight.• Convert between the Celsius and Kelvin

temperature scales.• Understand energy as combinations of SI Units.

Measurement SI Base Unit Symbol

Length Meter m

Mass Kilogram kg

Temperature Kelvin K

Time Second s

Amount Mole mol

Light Intensity Candela cd

Electric Current Ampere A

1.4 Identify and use conversion factors.

• Use the method of dimensional analysis to convert between units.

1.5 Uncertainty in Measurements

• Distinguish between accuracy and precision in measurements.• Calculate the percent error of a measured quantity.• Report measured values to the correct number of

significant figures based on the measuring tool.• Perform calculations with measured quantities,

rounding the answers to the correct number of significant figures.

Types of DataData refers to

information

Qualitative DataDescribes somethingTexture, Color, etc

Quantitative DataMeasures SomethingLength, Mass, Time,

etc

Determine if each of the following is a qualitative or

quantitative measurement.

A.The sandwich has ham in it. B.There are four eggs in the

carton. C.I used 230 grams of NaOH. D.I added water to the solution.

MeasurementsAccuracy

How close a measurement comes to the accepted answer

PrecisionHow close a series of measurements are to each other.

How specific an measurement is10 vs. 10.01 vs. 10.007

Let’s use a golf analogy

Accurate? No

Precise? Yes

Accurate? Yes

Precise? Yes

Precise? No

Accurate?No

Accurate? Yes

Precise? We can’t say!

Accurate? Precise?

Accurate? Precise?

Accurate? Precise?

ErrorAccepted value – The right answer• Based on reliable references• Also called Theoretical Yield

Experimental Value- what you get in lab• Also called Actual Yield

MeasurementsDetermining Error

How far your measurement is from the accepted value.

Value AcceptedValue alExperimentError

Percent Error

errorPercent Error = 100%

accepted value

How many sig figs in the following measurements?

1.770 mL2.0.0700 mL3.7070 mL4.0.007 mL5.7000 mL6.70.070 mL7.77.0 mL

1.6 Understanding Density

• Understand density as a physical property of matter.• Perform calculations with derived units, including

density.