1 Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Constituents by OMI on EOS Aura Satellite Pawan K Bhartia NASA...

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Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Constituents by OMI on EOS Aura

Satellite

Pawan K BhartiaNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD,

USA

Split Antarctic O3 Hole Mapped by EP/TOMS

Presented at Met Svc of Canada/EC, Downsview, ON on Jan 10, ‘06

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1st Map of Antarctic O1st Map of Antarctic O33 Hole Hole

•Made in late 1984

•Presented 3 months after Farman et al. Nature paper in Czechoslovakia

•First published in NY Times

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SH O3 field 1982 vs. 1970

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Seasonal O3 Change

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Greatly raised awareness of the OGreatly raised awareness of the O33

depletion problem among public, depletion problem among public, policymakers, and scientists*policymakers, and scientists*

*Perhaps disproportionately to other environmental issues

Impact #1

66

77

88

Greatly spurred research* in Greatly spurred research* in Atmospheric Chemistry (1986-2000)Atmospheric Chemistry (1986-2000)

*Lab kinetics, modeling, ground-based, aircraft and satellite instruments

Impact #2

99

Total OTotal O33 maps provide bottom-line maps provide bottom-line

numbers for models to explain*numbers for models to explain*

*but do not make direct contribution in improving models

Impact #3

1010

Comparison with Goddard Coupled Chemistry GCM

model

measurement

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Impact of satellite OImpact of satellite O33 maps maps

Visually Compelling Visually Compelling • Raised worldwide awareness of the ORaised worldwide awareness of the O33

depletion problemdepletion problem MotivatingMotivating

• Spurred research in atm chemistrySpurred research in atm chemistry Model Selection/ValidationModel Selection/Validation

• Provides confidence in model Provides confidence in model predictionspredictions

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EOS AURAEOS AURAEOS AURAEOS AURA Orbit: Polar: 705 km, sun-synchronous, 98Orbit: Polar: 705 km, sun-synchronous, 98oo inclination, inclination,

ascending 1:45 PM +/- 15 min. equator crossing time.ascending 1:45 PM +/- 15 min. equator crossing time. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7920 from VAFB, July 15, 2004Launch Vehicle: Delta 7920 from VAFB, July 15, 2004 AURA follows AQUA in the same orbit by 15 minutes. AURA follows AQUA in the same orbit by 15 minutes. Six Year Spacecraft LifeSix Year Spacecraft Life

Orbit: Polar: 705 km, sun-synchronous, 98Orbit: Polar: 705 km, sun-synchronous, 98oo inclination, inclination, ascending 1:45 PM +/- 15 min. equator crossing time.ascending 1:45 PM +/- 15 min. equator crossing time.

Launch Vehicle: Delta 7920 from VAFB, July 15, 2004Launch Vehicle: Delta 7920 from VAFB, July 15, 2004 AURA follows AQUA in the same orbit by 15 minutes. AURA follows AQUA in the same orbit by 15 minutes. Six Year Spacecraft LifeSix Year Spacecraft Life

MLSMLS

OMIOMITESTES

HIRDLSHIRDLS

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OMI Measurement GeometryOMI Measurement Geometry

Horizontal resolution better than TOMS, spectral information better than GOME

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Extend and Enhance TOMS Record*Extend and Enhance TOMS Record*

*Total Column O3

Volcanic SO2

Dust and SmokeSurface UV

Tropospheric O3 column

OMI: Objective #1

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Evolution of Polar OzoneEvolution of Polar Ozone

OMI data points

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Volcanic Sulfur DioxideVolcanic Sulfur Dioxide

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SOSO22 from explosive eruptions from explosive eruptions

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SOSO22 from Manam (Papua New Guinea) volcano from Manam (Papua New Guinea) volcano

eruption: January 27-28 2005eruption: January 27-28 2005

OMI is >10 times more sensitive to SO2 than TOMS, and unlike AIRS, can see SO2 over clouds

TOMS

OMI

AIRS

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QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Note the the passage of a typhoon

Anatahan (N. Mariana Is.) volcano eruption: July 2005Anatahan (N. Mariana Is.) volcano eruption: July 2005

2020

PPassive degassing of volcanic SOassive degassing of volcanic SO22

observed by OMIobserved by OMI

Ambrym volcano, Vanuatu (16.25ºS, 168.12ºE) on February 20, 2005.

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Dust and SmokeDust and Smoke

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Western Fires June 25, 2002

Earth-Probe/TOMS: Aerosol Index

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•No other satellite technique measures

aerosol absorption with comparable accuracy

• Quality of data comparable to best

ground-based instruments

Aerosol abs. opt. thickness time SeriesAerosol abs. opt. thickness time Series

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OMI Aerosol IndexOMI Aerosol Index

July 2005 Saharan Dust Storm as seen by OMI

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Aerosol Detection in presence of Aerosol Detection in presence of cloudsclouds

OMI Aerosol Index (color)OMI reflectivity (B/W)

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Aqua-MODISOMI

Estimation of Aerosol Abs. Opt. thickness Estimation of Aerosol Abs. Opt. thickness

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Aerosol Index Absorption OT

Extinction OTSingle Scattering Albedo

Estimation of Aerosol Properties Estimation of Aerosol Properties

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Extinction Optical Depth Aqua-MODIS RGB

Absorption Optical Depth Single Scattering Albedo

no abs

ext

Smoke over Alaska (Aug 21, 2004)

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Biomass Burning Aerosols over Australia (Nov 10, 2004)

OMI Extinction Optical Depth OMI Absorption Optical Depth

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Surface UVSurface UV

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Comparison with Toronto Brewer (Eck et al.)

Global UVB Map (Herman et al.)

Estimation of Surface UV

Given satellite total O3 UV can be calculated to ~1% in clear-sky, unpolluted conditions

Given satellite reflectivity mean monthly UV can be calculated to ~5% in cloudy, unpolluted conditions

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Effect of pollution, smoke & dust on UVB can be large and difficult to estimate

During the afternoon of July 6, 2002 smoke absorbed up to 95% of UV at Toronto.

TOMS/OMI can estimate absorption due to elevated aerosols to ~5% (~10% for BL aerosols).

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Tropospheric Column Tropospheric Column OzoneOzone

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OO33 Above Deep Convective Clouds in Above Deep Convective Clouds in

PacificPacific

OO33 Above Deep Convective Clouds in Above Deep Convective Clouds in

PacificPacificFrom: Observation of near-zero O3 concentrations over the convective Pacific: Effects on air chemistry, Kley et al., Science, Oct 1996.

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Strat Column OStrat Column O33 from TOMS and SAGE from TOMS and SAGEStrat Column OStrat Column O33 from TOMS and SAGE from TOMS and SAGE

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Trop OTrop O33 Column from Cloud Slicing Column from Cloud SlicingTrop OTrop O33 Column from Cloud Slicing Column from Cloud Slicing

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Tropospheric Column OTropospheric Column O33 from OMI/MLS from OMI/MLS

Total O3 - Strat Column O3

October 2004

July 2005

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OMI/MLS and GMI model comparisonsOMI/MLS and GMI model comparisons

OMI/MLS Sept ‘04-Aug ‘05 GMI 5-year average

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Provide daily global coverage at urban scale Provide daily global coverage at urban scale resolution for trace gases related to AQ* resolution for trace gases related to AQ*

measured by GOME/SCIAMACHYmeasured by GOME/SCIAMACHY

* Trop NO2

Anthropogenic SO2

HCHO

OMI: Objective #2

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2003 Mean trop NO2003 Mean trop NO22 from SCIAMACHY from SCIAMACHY

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Daily global NODaily global NO22 pollution seen by OMI pollution seen by OMI

November 12, 2004November 12, 2004

J. Gleason/GSFCJ. Gleason/GSFC

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OMI Tropospheric NOOMI Tropospheric NO22

Aug 22, 2005

assuming 1.5 km BL

Gleason/GSFC

5.62.8ppbv

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SOSO22 from lignite-burning power plants in the from lignite-burning power plants in the Balkan regionBalkan region

[Eisinger and Burrows, GRL 1998]

GOME Feb ‘98 OMI Feb ‘05

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SOSO22 concentrations concentrations in Chinain China

• 70% of China’s energy is derived from coal burning

• SO2 emissions increased at a rate 35%/decade in 1979-2000

• China’s sulfate aerosol loading has increased by 17%/decade in 1979-2000 [Massie, Torres and Smith 2004]

• 65,000 SO2 tons/day emitted in 1995 [Streets & Waldhof, 2000]

OMI 12/24/04

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OMI HCHO OMI HCHO Chance & Kuruso

MODIS Fire Counts MODIS Fire Counts

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OMI Performance SummaryOMI Performance Summary

Continues the TOMS record of total OContinues the TOMS record of total O33, , UVB, Volcanic SOUVB, Volcanic SO22, UV-absorbing aerosols , UV-absorbing aerosols and trop Oand trop O3 3 with higher accuracy and with higher accuracy and precision.precision.

Provides daily global maps of several trace Provides daily global maps of several trace gases related to AQ (NOgases related to AQ (NO22, SO, SO22, HCHO) with , HCHO) with higher spatial/temporal resolution than higher spatial/temporal resolution than GOME & SCIAMACHY. GOME & SCIAMACHY.

Provides useful information about BrO, Provides useful information about BrO, OCLO, and perhaps CHOCHO. OCLO, and perhaps CHOCHO.