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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
I. Metabolism
A. Two things need –
Energy (E) FOOD
Raw materials
B. Ways to get food
• 1. Autotroph – Primary producer
a. photosynthesis LIGHT
6CO2 + 12H2O C6H1206 + 6O2 + 6H20
b. cellular respiration
C6H1206 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O 36-38 ATP
2. Heterotroph
a. Digestion
Polymers Monomers
b. Cellular Respiration
C6H1206 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O 36-38 ATP
II. General Plant – location of photosynthesis
A. Basic organs and their functions.
STEM
LEAF
ROOT
Photosynthesis (C02 in/O2 out)
support
anchor, store materials, uptake water
VASCULAR BUNDLE – bundle sheath around
B. Leaf cuticle upper epidermis
palisade
Mesophyll
xylem
spongy
pholem
lower epidermis
stoma guard cell
C. Chloroplast Structure granum stromaouter memb
Inner memb space
Inner memb thylakoid
III. Photosynthesis
A. General
EQUATION
LIGHT6 CO2 + 12 H2O
air soil sun
(stomata) (xylem) electromagnetic
spectrum
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
1. Source of the material
a. CO2 - stomata
b. H2O – xylem in roots from soil
c. Light – part of electromagnetic spectrum
LIGHT
400nm 700nm
V I B G Y O R
What happens to light when it hits?
Transmit
Reflect
Absorb
Light
Chloroplast
Reflectedlight
Absorbedlight Transmitted
light
2. Two metabolic pathways
16 ADP + 16Pi
16 ATP
12 NADP + 12H
12 NADPH
12 H2O
24 H+ + 6O2
LIGHT DEPENDENT LIGHT INDEPENDENT
LIGHT DEPENDENT LIGHT INDEPENDENT
IN:
THYLAKOID STROMA
USES:
WATER, LIGHT CO2, ATP, NADPH
PRODUCES:
HIGH ENERGY COMPOUNDS GLUCOSE
B. LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS
1. OCCURSPHOTOSYSTEMS = EMBEDDED IN THYLAKOID MEMBRANE
2. CHLOROPHYLLKEY LIGHT CAPTURING MOLECULEABSORBS LIGHT IN WAVELENGTHS OF RED, BLUE, VIOLET
3. ACCESSORY PIGMENTSCAROTENOIDS AND PHYCOCYANINS
4. PHOTOSYSTEMS – TWO DIFFERENT ONES a. Types
PHOTOSYSTEM IPHOTOSYSTEM II
b. GENERAL ABOUT PHOTOSYSTEMS
b1. THEY ARE EACH A LIGHT HARVESTING COMPLEX
b2. GROUP OF MOLECULES (PROTEINS, CHLOROPHYLL, ACCESSORY
PIGMENTS, e- CARRIER MOLECULES) THAT WORK TOGETHER TO
HARVEST LIGHT INTO HIGH ENERGY COMPOUNDS
b3. STRUCTURE - 2 PARTS• LIGHT HARVESTING COMPLEX = 300 CHLOROPHYLL & ACCESSORY
• e- TRANSPORT CHAIN = SERIES OF e- CARRIER MOLECULES IN MEMBRANE
Photosystem structure
Photosystem IPhotosystem II
Rxn Ctr P680
Rxn Ctr P700
ATP SYNTHASE
T
H
Y
L
A
K
O
I
D
M
E
M
B
e- TRANSPORT
CHAIN
e- TRANSPORT CHAIN
Photosystem IPhotosystem II
Rxn Ctr P680
Rxn Ctr P700
ATP SYNTHASE
T
H
Y
L
A
K
O
I
D
M
E
M
B
e- TRANSPORT
CHAIN
e- TRANSPORT CHAIN
Photosystem IPhotosystem II
Rxn Ctr P680
Rxn Ctr P700
ATP SYNTHASE
T
H
Y
L
A
K
O
I
D
M
E
M
B
e- TRANSPORT
CHAIN
e- TRANSPORT CHAIN
2e-
2e-
Photosystem IPhotosystem II
Rxn Ctr P680
Rxn Ctr P700
ATP SYNTHASE
T
H
Y
L
A
K
O
I
D
M
E
M
B
2e-
2e-
H+ H+ H+ H+
H+ H+
H+ H+
OUTSIDE THYLAKOID
INSIDE THYLAKOID
Photosystem IPhotosystem II
ATP SYNTHASE
T
H
Y
L
A
K
O
I
D
M
E
M
B
2e-
2e-
H+ H+ H+ H+
H+ H+
H+ H+
12H2O
24H+ + 6O2
Photosystem IPhotosystem II
ATP SYNTHASE
T
H
Y
L
A
K
O
I
D
M
E
M
B
2e-
2e-
H+ H+ H+ H+
H+ H+
H+ H+
12H2O
24H+ + 6O2
16 ATP
16 ADP + P
Photosystem IPhotosystem II
ATP SYNTHASE
T
H
Y
L
A
K
O
I
D
M
E
M
B
2e-
2e-
H+ H+ H+ H+
H+ H+
H+ H+
12H2O
24H+ + 6O2
16 ATP
16 ADP + P
12 NADPH12 NADP + 12 H
C. LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION (CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE)
1. OCCURS
STROMA
2. REQUIRES (USES)
material from
CO2 Air
ATP & NADPH Light Dependent
RIBULOSE BIPHOSPHATE (RuBP) In chloroplast
ENZYMES In membranes
RIBULOSE BIPHOSPHATE
RuBP
CO2 H2O
PGA
G3P
GLUCOSE
NAMING COMPOUNDS
1. HAVE 1 FIVE CARBON MOLECULE
5
2. ADD 1 ONE CARBON MOLECULE
1
3. BREAKS INTO TWO THREE CARBON MOLECULES
6
4. REARRANGES INTO TWO DIFFERENT THREE CARBON MOLEC.
6
5. NEED TO REGENERATE STARTING FIVE CARBON MOLECULE SO REMOVE 1 CARBON
1
COUNTING CARBONS - 1 ROTATION
6. NOT YET
1. HAVE 6 FIVE CARBON MOLECULE
6 X 5 = 30
2. ADD 6 ONE CARBON MOLECULE
6 X 1 = 6
3. BREAKS INTO TWELVE THREE CARBON MOLECULES
12 X 3 = 36
4. REARRANGES INTO TWELVE DIFFERENT THREE CARBON MOLEC.
12 X 3 = 36
5. NEED TO REGENERATE THE SIX STARTING FIVE CARBON MOLEC SO REMOVE SIX CARBONS
36 – 6 = 30
COUNTING CARBONS - 6 ROTATIONS
6. GLUCOSE
ATP
ADP + P
NADPH
NADP + H
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